Short-Period Binary Stars: Observations, Analyses, and Results

SHORT-PERIOD BINARY STARS: OBSERVATIONS, ANALYSES, AND RESULTS......Page 1
Springerlink......Page 0
Half-title......Page 2
Astrophysics and Space Science Library......Page 4
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright Page......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
1 Why are Binary Stars of Interest?......Page 10
2 Why Short–period Binaries?......Page 11
3 More to Learn!......Page 14
References......Page 15
List of Contributors......Page 16
Part I: Compact Relativistic Binary Systems......Page 19
1 Introduction......Page 21
2 The Twenty-one Black Hole Binaries......Page 22
3 X–ray Spectral and Timing Observations of Black Hole Binaries......Page 25
4 A Quantitative Three-State Description for Active Accretion......Page 26
4.2 The Hard State......Page 27
5 X–ray Quasi-Periodic Oscillations......Page 28
5.2 High-Frequency Quasi–Periodic Oscillations......Page 29
6.1 The Journey from Astrophysics to Physics......Page 31
7 Measuring Black Hole Spin: A Current Frontier......Page 33
7.2 Fe K Line Profile......Page 34
7.3 High Frequency Quasi-Periodic Oscillations......Page 35
8 Continuum Fitting......Page 36
10 Importance of Measuring Black Hole Spin......Page 38
References......Page 39
1 Introduction......Page 41
2.1 Gravitational Waves......Page 42
2.2 Gravitational Wave Detectors......Page 46
2.3 Neutron Star Binaries as Gravitational Wave Emitters......Page 50
3.1 Interferometric Data......Page 53
3.2 Matched Filtering and Chi-Squared Veto......Page 54
3.3 Coincidence and Auxiliary Channel Veto......Page 58
4.2 Upper Limits and the Loudest Event......Page 60
4.3 Results......Page 62
5.1 Interferometers Now and Future......Page 63
5.2 Future Reach and Expected Rates......Page 64
5.3 BNS Astrophysics with GWs......Page 65
7 Acknowledgments......Page 66
References......Page 67
1 Introduction......Page 71
2.1 Eclipses of A......Page 73
2.3 Short-term Modulation of B’s Profile......Page 74
3 Pulsar Timing and Tests of Strong-field Gravity......Page 75
References......Page 79
1 Introduction......Page 81
2 Gravitational Lensing of Pulsar Sources......Page 83
2.1 Microlensing for Orbiting Pulsar Sources......Page 88
2.2 Time Delays......Page 90
3 Applications to Compact Binary Systems......Page 92
3.1 Black Hole-pulsar Binary System......Page 93
3.2 Application to the Double Pulsar: PSR J0737-3039......Page 96
4 Discussion......Page 100
References......Page 102
Part II: Accreting Neutron Star Binaries......Page 104
1 Introduction......Page 105
2 Production of Millisecond Pulsars......Page 110
3 Nuclear-Powered X-ray Oscillations......Page 115
4 Accretion-Powered Kilohertz QPOs......Page 117
5 Kilohertz QPOs as Tools......Page 121
References......Page 123
2.1 Overview......Page 129
2.2 The Accretion Disk 1: 35-day X-ray Flux Cycle......Page 130
2.3 The accretion disk 2: companion shadowing......Page 137
2.4 The Accretion Disk 3: 35-day Pulse Shape Change Cycle......Page 140
2.5 The accretion column......Page 141
3.1 Overview......Page 144
3.2 Orbital X-ray Flux Cycle and Stellar Wind......Page 145
3.3 Inclination and stellar mass constraints......Page 148
4 Summary......Page 149
References......Page 150
Part III: Cataclysmic Variable Systems......Page 153
1 Introduction......Page 155
2.2 Low Accretion Rates......Page 157
2.3 Summary of Disk Systems......Page 161
3 Magnetic Systems......Page 162
References......Page 163
1 Introduction......Page 165
2 A Few Details from the Current Paradigm for CV Evolution......Page 167
3 Recent Infrared Spectroscopic Observations of Cataclysmic Variables......Page 168
4 Irradiation or Stellar Activity......Page 172
5 Molecules and Dust Disks......Page 175
7 Acknowledgments......Page 176
References......Page 177
1 Introduction......Page 179
2 CV Accretion Disks......Page 180
2.1 Irradiation......Page 182
2.2 An Accretion Disk Model......Page 183
2.3 Calculation of Synthetic Spectra for CV Systems......Page 185
3 The Emission Line Issue......Page 188
References......Page 192
Part IV: Modeling Short-Period Eclipsing Binaries......Page 195
1 Introduction......Page 197
2 X-ray Binaries – a Special Case with Special Difficulties......Page 198
3 Light/Velocity Curve Solutions in Physical Units......Page 199
4.1 Lower and Upper Limits on R o/a......Page 200
5 Vela X1 (GP Vel) Results from RXTE Data......Page 201
6 Distance and Uncertainties......Page 204
7 Summary......Page 205
References......Page 206
2 Parameter Estimation of Eclipsing Binary Data......Page 209
3.1 The BASE Software: The Wilson–Devinney Program (WD)......Page 211
3.2 The WD2007 Package......Page 212
3.3 Binary Maker......Page 214
3.4 PHOEBE......Page 215
4.1 Simulated Annealing......Page 216
4.2 Genetic Algorithms (GA)......Page 223
4.4 Hybrid Methods......Page 224
5.1 Astronomical Tomography......Page 225
5.2 Improved Synthetic Spectral Energy Distributions......Page 226
5.5 Spectropolarimetry......Page 227
5.6 Planetary Eclipse Modeling......Page 228
References......Page 230
1 Introduction......Page 233
2 W Crv......Page 236
2.1 Datasets and Solutions......Page 237
2.2 W Crv Period Behavior......Page 239
2.3 W Crv Conclusions......Page 242
3.1 Light and Velocity Solutions......Page 243
4 Acknowledgments......Page 246
References......Page 247
Part V: Aspects of Short-Period Binary Evolution......Page 249
1 Introduction......Page 251
2 The Energetics of Common Envelope Evolution......Page 253
3 Does Common Envelope Evolution Work?......Page 255
4 An Alternative Approach to Common Envelope Evolution?......Page 260
5 Long-Period Post-Common-Envelope Binaries and the Missing Energy Problem......Page 266
6 Common Envelope Evolution with Recombination......Page 269
7 Conclusions......Page 272
References......Page 273
Index......Page 277