Shipping Interdiction and the Law of the Sea

Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
Foreword......Page 17
Preface......Page 19
Acknowledgements......Page 20
Abbreviations......Page 22
Table of treaties and other international agreements......Page 27
Table of cases......Page 50
Part I General principles......Page 59
1 Introduction: policing the oceans......Page 61
1 State jurisdiction over vessels at sea......Page 65
2.2 Territorial sea......Page 68
2.3 The contiguous zone......Page 70
2.5 The continental shelf......Page 72
3.2 Stateless vessels......Page 74
3.3 Hot pursuit......Page 76
4 Conclusion......Page 77
Part II Interdiction and maritime policing......Page 79
3 General introduction to Part II......Page 81
1.1 Introduction......Page 84
1.2 The prohibition on piracy: theoretical justifications......Page 86
1.3.1 UNCLOS......Page 87
1.3.2 The Harvard Draft Convention......Page 88
1.4 The exclusion of political offences?......Page 90
1.5 Special elements and geographical limits of the offence......Page 100
1.6 Modern forms of piracy......Page 103
1.7 Case study: the Malacca and Singapore straits......Page 111
1.8 Case study: piracy off Somalia......Page 119
1.9 Conclusion......Page 132
2 The slave trade......Page 133
3 Conclusion......Page 135
1 Introduction......Page 137
2 US–UK bilateral practice on smuggling......Page 138
3 The 1988 UN Narcotics Convention......Page 141
4 The 1990 Spanish–Italian Treaty......Page 143
5 The 1995 Council of Europe Agreement......Page 144
6.1 High-seas interdictions......Page 147
6.2 Territorial-sea interdictions......Page 149
7 Conclusion: practical issues in drug interdiction under treaty arrangements......Page 153
1 Introduction......Page 155
2.1 The assertion of fisheries zones prior to UNCLOS......Page 157
2.2 UNCLOS fisheries management obligations......Page 158
3.1 RFMOs and third parties......Page 161
3.2 Provision for boarding and inspecting vessels......Page 163
3.2.1 Inspection......Page 164
3.2.3 Enforcement......Page 165
3.3 The FSA \'default\' boarding scheme for subsequent RFMOs......Page 166
4 Common measures in international fisheries management: the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas precedent......Page 170
5.1 Introduction......Page 174
5.2.1 Background......Page 175
5.2.2 Boarding and inspection under the Convention......Page 176
5.2.3 Third-party co-operation: the US–China ship-rider agreement......Page 177
5.2.4 NPAFC high-seas enforcement practice......Page 178
5.3 The North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission......Page 182
5.3.1 The NEAFC inspection scheme......Page 183
5.3.2 The NEAFC Non-Contracting Party Scheme......Page 186
5.3.3 Conclusions on NEAFC practice......Page 190
5.4 The Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization......Page 191
5.4.1 The Estai incident......Page 192
5.4.3 The NAFO non-contracting party scheme......Page 195
5.4.4 NAFO practice under the scheme......Page 196
5.5.1 Introduction......Page 198
5.5.3 Enforcement under the System of Inspection......Page 201
5.5.4 Co-operation between Australia and France......Page 202
5.5.5 Australian enforcement practice in its Antarctic EEZs......Page 204
5.5.6 Enforcement practice in the French Antarctic EEZs......Page 208
5.5.7 Conclusion......Page 212
5.6 The South East Atlantic Fisheries Organization......Page 214
5.7 The Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission......Page 216
6 Countermeasures and custom: a general international law of fisheries interdiction?......Page 218
6.1 A general international law right of boarding or duty to permit it......Page 219
6.2 A general international law obligation to co-operate with RFMOs......Page 220
6.3 Countermeasures......Page 222
7 General conclusions......Page 226
2 A short history of unauthorised broadcasting......Page 228
3 Jurisdiction under UNCLOS......Page 234
4 UK practice after 1982......Page 236
5 Conclusion......Page 237
1 Introduction......Page 238
2.1 The criminal enterprise of migrant smuggling......Page 240
2.3 The Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants......Page 242
2.4 US practice......Page 245
2.4.1 Haiti......Page 246
2.4.3 The Dominican Republic......Page 253
2.5.1 Political co-operation......Page 255
2.5.2 Maritime interdiction of irregular migrants and the Tampa incident......Page 256
2.5.3 Australian \'border protection\' legislation and practice, 2001–2007......Page 262
2.6.2 Italy......Page 267
2.6.3 Spain......Page 274
2.6.4 Malta......Page 278
2.7 Returning asylum-seekers interdicted at sea and non-refoulement......Page 280
3.1 Introduction......Page 284
3.2 Human trafficking and the slave trade......Page 286
4 Conclusions......Page 289
1 Introduction......Page 290
2 Statements of political intent......Page 291
3.1 Content and adoption of the resolution......Page 296
3.2 UNSCR 1540 and criminal jurisdiction over the territorial sea......Page 298
4 WMD-related interdiction in state practice......Page 301
5 The US bilateral WMD interdiction agreements......Page 304
6 The SUA Protocol 2005......Page 312
7 Conclusion: criminalisation, liability and implementation......Page 317
Part III The general law of interdiction......Page 321
1 The structure of Part III......Page 323
2 Applicable safeguards in interdicting foreign vessels, including human rights law......Page 324
3.1 Introduction......Page 329
3.2 The UN Charter......Page 330
3.3 Customary international law and codification: the Caribbean Area Agreement rules......Page 335
3.3.1 Rules 1–4 and 8: the proportionate use of force as a last resort, warning shots and aircraft......Page 338
3.3.2 Rule 5: respect for local law......Page 340
3.3.3 Rule 6: applicable national law on the use of force......Page 345
3.3.4 Rule 7: firearms......Page 347
3.3.6 Rule 10: individual self-defence......Page 350
4 Conclusion......Page 351
1 Introduction......Page 353
2 Enforcement of boarding-state law against interdicted vessels......Page 354
3 Boarding-state obligations under receiving-state law......Page 355
4.1 Introduction......Page 357
4.2 The immunity from local criminal jurisdiction of visiting police organs: an unanswered question?......Page 360
4.3.1 Introduction......Page 362
4.3.2 Immunity from local criminal law when among the general population: the general law......Page 365
4.3.3 Immunity from local criminal law when among the general population: Status of Forces Agreements......Page 368
4.3.4 The immunity of visiting forces \'within lines\': barracks, bases and areas of operation......Page 372
5 Conclusion: distinguishing immune and non-immune police acts......Page 376
1 Liability: applicable standards and diplomatic protection......Page 382
2 The flag or coastal state: issues of individual and joint liability......Page 389
3 Conclusion......Page 395
13 General conclusions: a law of interdiction?......Page 397
Books, articles and monographs......Page 403
Barbados......Page 416
United States......Page 417
Select list of official reports and papers......Page 418
Index......Page 420