Shi'a Islam in Colonial India: Religion, Community and Sectarianism

Contents......Page 8
Figures and maps......Page 9
Preface and acknowledgements......Page 10
Frequently used abbreviations......Page 14
Select glossary of terms......Page 18
Note on transliteration......Page 16
Introduction Writing on Indian Shi‘ism......Page 28
SAYYIDS, NOBLES AND COSMOPOLITANS: SHI‘ISM IN NORTH INDIA......Page 31
SHI‘ISM AS AN INDIAN RELIGION......Page 43
THE DYNAMICS OF ‘SECTARIANISM’ IN COLONIAL INDIA......Page 47
SOURCES AND STRUCTURE......Page 56
THE FORMATION OF SHI‘A MADRASAS IN COLONIAL INDIA......Page 59
‘RELIGIOUS AND WORLDLY’ LEADERS: THE MUJTAHIDS OF COLONIAL LUCKNOW......Page 68
ISLAMIC ‘SYSTEMS’ AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF RELIGIOUS BOUNDARIES: THE CLERICAL MILIEU IN LATE NINETEENTH-CENTURY NORTH INDIA......Page 79
THE SHI‘A TABLIGH: PRINTING AND PROSELYTIZATION......Page 85
CREATIVE WRITING: SHI‘A–SUNNI POLEMIC IN COLONIAL INDIA......Page 93
CONCLUSION......Page 99
INTRODUCTION......Page 100
FROM BUILDINGS TO BILA FASIL : VISUAL AND AURAL LANDSCAPES OF URBAN SHI‘ISM......Page 102
KHATIBS, ZAKIRS, MUNAZIRS: SPOKEN RELIGION......Page 108
KARBALA IN PRACTICE: THE RENOVATION OF MUHARRAM......Page 118
THE SEPARATION OF THE KARBALAS: MUHARRAM CONFLICT IN MID-COLONIAL INDIA......Page 127
CONTESTING SHI‘ISM: THE INTERNAL DYNAMICS OF THE SHI‘A REVIVAL......Page 132
CONCLUSION......Page 139
3 Anjumans, endowments and Indian Shi‘ism The making of Shi‘a society......Page 141
ASSOCIATIONAL SHI‘ISM: ANJUMAN-SAZI, PUBLIC SERVICE AND CHARITABLE RELIGION......Page 142
WAQFS AND THE REGULATION OF SHI‘A SOCIETY IN COLONIAL INDIA......Page 152
ESSENTIAL COMMUNITIES AND INDIAN SHI‘ISM: THE SHI‘A QAUM......Page 165
CONCLUSION......Page 171
4 Aligarh, jihad and pan-Islam The politicization of the Indian Shi‘a......Page 174
MODERNISM, UNIVERSALISM, SEPARATISM: THE POLITICS OF MUSLIM UNITY......Page 175
‘THE COLLEGE OF ‘UMAR’: THE SHI‘A AND THE ALIGARH MOVEMENT......Page 180
JIHAD, TAQLID AND SHI‘A POLITICAL QUIETISM IN COLONIAL INDIA......Page 192
ISLAMIC UNIVERSALISM AND INDIAN SHI‘ISM: RESPONSES TO PAN-ISLAM......Page 199
CONCLUSION......Page 210
5 The tabarra agitation and Shi‘a–Sunni conflicts in late colonial India......Page 213
FROM MADH-I-SAHABA TO TABARRA, 1931–1939......Page 214
UNDERSTANDING SECTARIANISM IN INTER-WAR NORTH INDIA......Page 226
EASING THE TRANSITION: GENERATIONAL SECTARIANISM AND NEW RELIGIOUS LEADERSHIP......Page 231
COHESION AND COMPETITION: THE DUAL DYNAMICS OF SECTARIANISM......Page 242
CONCLUSION......Page 247
Conclusion and epilogue Shi‘ism and sectarianism in modern South Asia......Page 249
RELIGION, COMMUNITY AND SECTARIANISM: MAJOR IMPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY......Page 251
EPILOGUE: SECTARIANISM IN MODERN SOUTH ASIA......Page 259
The Kintori ‘ulama......Page 270
Ghulam Hasnain Kintori, 1831–1918......Page 271
Sayyid Muhammad Naseer, 1895–1966 (‘Naseer-ul-Millat’)......Page 272
Sayyid Aqa Hasan, 1860–1929 (‘Qutva’t ul-‘Ulama’)......Page 273
Sayyid ‘Ali Naqi, 1902–1988 (‘Sayyid ul-‘Ulama’)......Page 274
Mirza Muhammad ‘Abbas, 1809–1889 (‘Taj ul-‘Ulama’)......Page 275
Sayyid Sibte Hasan Ja’isi, 1878–1935 (Khatib-i-‘Azam)......Page 276
Haji Maqbool Ahmad Dehlawi, 1870–1921......Page 277
Official Records......Page 278
Official publications and organizational proceedings......Page 279
Printed primary sources......Page 280
Re-printed primary sources......Page 282
Books, articles and theses......Page 283
Index......Page 294