Sharing the Earth, Dividing the Land: Land and Territory in the Austronesian World

Sharing the Earth, Dividing the Land......Page 1
Table of Contents......Page 7
Acknowledgments......Page 13
Chapter 1. Land and Territory in the Austronesian World......Page 15
 Land and Territory in the Context of Human Mobility and Globalisation: A Theoretical Debate and an Ethnological Solution......Page 18
 The Social Construction of Land, Place and Territory in the Austronesian World: From Ethnography to Comparative Ethnology......Page 22
  Austronesian Territorial Categories......Page 25
  Metaphors of Socio-Spatial Relations......Page 28
  From Ritual Domains to States: Scales of Complexity......Page 30
 Outline......Page 31
 Contemporary Issues and New Directions in Comparative Austronesian Studies......Page 39
 References......Page 41
Chapter 2. The Origin Structure of Kute Among the Gumai: An Analysis of an Indigenous Territorial Institution in the Highlands of South Sumatra......Page 43
 Village Origin Structure......Page 45
  Precedence and Village Ritual Specialists......Page 46
  The Division of a Village......Page 48
  Multiple Village Origins and Subgroups......Page 49
  The Merging of Two Villages......Page 51
  Marriage Contracts and Residential Rules......Page 53
  Petunggu Dusun......Page 55
  Lunjuk, Balai Desa and Mosque......Page 56
  Graveyard......Page 59
 The Marga System and its Impact......Page 61
 Conclusion......Page 62
 References......Page 63
 Highland Bali and Comparative Austronesian Studies: Historical and Linguistic Considerations......Page 69
 The Ritual Domains of Highland Bali......Page 72
 Concluding Remarks......Page 83
 References......Page 84
Chapter 4. Banua or Negara? The Culture of Land in South Bali......Page 87
 The Cultural Landscape of South Bali......Page 88
 Land Tenure......Page 90
 Trans-local Organisation......Page 91
 The ‘Ritual Domain’ of the Wos Valley......Page 94
  Irrigation......Page 96
  The Migratory Habits of Barong......Page 99
  Bale Agung and Reversals of Orientation......Page 101
 Networks and Layers......Page 104
  Negara Ubud......Page 105
 The Network as a System of Knowledge......Page 108
 Twentieth-Century Transformations......Page 109
 Conclusion......Page 110
 References......Page 111
 Introduction......Page 117
 The Blessed Land......Page 118
 The Negeri Adat......Page 124
 Adat and Being Muslim......Page 128
 Conclusion......Page 131
 References......Page 132
Chapter 6. Mapping Buru: The Politics of Territory and Settlement on an Eastern Indonesian Island......Page 139
 Noro and Fena: Clan and Land on Buru......Page 140
 Living on the Land: Residence and Settlement on Buru......Page 141
 ‘Where They Marry Each Other’: Territory as Localised Networks of Affinity......Page 144
 People of the Mountains and People of the Coast: Sharing the Land with Outsiders......Page 146
 The Colonial Creation of Raja and Regentschap: Making the Outsider King......Page 148
 The Indonesian Creation of Desa: Making the Outsider Village Head......Page 154
 References......Page 157
 Introduction......Page 161
 The Setting......Page 162
 ’Wele Telu Batai......Page 164
 The Nili Ela Organisation......Page 165
 Nuru and Hena......Page 168
 Hena Ma’saman Uwei......Page 170
 Land Allocation in Hena Ma’saman Uwei......Page 172
 Conclusion......Page 176
 References......Page 177
 Introduction......Page 183
 Tana as a Territorial Category in Tana ’Ai......Page 185
 Territorial Categories in Central Sikka......Page 186
 Tana and the Creation of the Sikkanese Polity......Page 197
 Portuguese Missions and Administrative Territories Created by the Dutch......Page 201
 The Reconceptualisation of Territorial Categories in Central Sikka......Page 208
  Acknowledgment......Page 210
 References......Page 211
 Introduction......Page 215
 The History and Development of Tana Worowatu......Page 216
 Land Tenure in Worowatu......Page 217
 The Land is Our Mother......Page 219
 Guardians of the Land......Page 222
 Incorporated Groups......Page 228
 A Conflict Over Land......Page 231
 Oral History and Land Tenure......Page 234
 Conclusion......Page 236
 References......Page 237
 Defining a Focus......Page 241
 Land and Domain on Roti......Page 242
 The Domain of Termanu......Page 244
 Comparison with the Atoni Pah Meto of Timor......Page 247
 The Domain of Amanuban......Page 248
 The Tetun of Timor......Page 249
 Contemplating Categories: Comparisons of ‘Male’ and ‘Female’......Page 251
 Conclusions......Page 252
 References......Page 253
 Introduction......Page 257
 Locating Fataluku......Page 259
 Origins and Inscriptions of Place......Page 260
 Forests, Settlements and Dislocation......Page 263
  Perspectives from the Paichao Range......Page 264
  Perspectives from the Vero River Valley......Page 267
 On Fataluku Customary Tenures and Forest Management......Page 270
 References......Page 275
 Introduction......Page 281
 The Village and the Bush......Page 283
 The Human Body......Page 285
 Society......Page 289
 The Clan as a Body......Page 292
 Ngaka Vital Essence......Page 293
 Village and Tribal Chiefdoms......Page 296
 Conclusions......Page 297
 References......Page 298
Chapter 13. The Ways of the Land-Tree: Mapping the North Pentecost Social Landscape......Page 303
 Atatun Vanua: The People of the Place......Page 305
 Bwatmahanga: The Foundation Diverges......Page 306
 Bwatuna: Foundations for the Land-tree......Page 308
 Halana: The Ways of the Land-Tree......Page 311
 Tavalui: The Divided World......Page 316
 Alengan Tuturani: The Ways of Foreigners......Page 318
 References......Page 321
 Introduction......Page 327
 Land and National Consciousness in Vanuatu......Page 328
 The Vocabulary of Place in North Ambrym......Page 331
 The ‘Grounds’ for Being......Page 332
 Placement and Precedence......Page 335
 ‘Finishing the Land’......Page 337
 References......Page 343
  Local Territory and Global Identity......Page 349
  The Tongan Island Group: A Local Geography......Page 350
  Lau Langi, ‘The Skies’......Page 351
  The Talatupu’a: A Story of the Past......Page 352
   Ocean and Sky......Page 354
   Fonua in Place: Connection and Separation......Page 355
 Fonua in Tongan History......Page 356
  Locality and Lineage in Pre-constitution Tonga......Page 357
  Guardians of the People/Place: Tauhifonua and Matapule......Page 358
  Fonua and Agricultural Production......Page 359
  Constitutional Changes and the Individualisation of Land Tenure......Page 360
  Fonua and Contemporary National Identity......Page 362
 Fonua as Home......Page 363
 References......Page 364
 Introduction......Page 369
 Setting the Scene: The Idea of the Construct *Banua and its Interpretation......Page 370
 Tracing Ideas of the *Banua (and *Taneq/*Tanoq) in Eastern Indonesia and the Pacific......Page 373
 Comparative Excursions......Page 377
 References......Page 379
Contributors......Page 383
Index......Page 387