Sensors for Mechatronics

‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\tapa.pdf‎
‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\Front-matter_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎
	Frontmatter
‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\Copyright_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎
	Copyright
‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\content.pdf‎
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‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\Preface_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎
	Preface
‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\1---Introduction_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Sensors in Mechatronics
			1.1.1 Definitions
			1.1.2 Sensor Development
			1.1.3 Sensor Nomenclature
			1.1.4 Sensors and Information
				Binary Sensors
				Analogue Sensors
				Image Sensors
				Optical Imaging
				Acoustic Imaging
				Tactile Imaging
		1.2 Selection of Sensors
		References to Cited Literature
		Literature for Further Reading
			Introductory Books on Sensors and Mechatronics
			Books on Semiconductor Sensors
‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\2---Sensor-Fundamentals_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎
	2 Sensor Fundamentals
		2.1 Physical Quantities
			2.1.1 Classification of Quantities
			2.1.2 Relations Between Quantities
		2.2 Sensor Classifications
			2.2.1 Classification Based on Measurand and Application Field
			2.2.2 Classification Based on Port Models
			2.2.3 Classification Based on Conversion Principles
			2.2.4 Classification According to Energy Domain
		References to Cited Literature
		Literature for Further Reading
			Some books and articles on quantities and systems
‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\3---Uncertainty-Aspects_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎
	3 Uncertainty Aspects
		3.1 Sensor Specification
			3.1.1 Sensitivity
			3.1.2 Non-linearity and Hysteresis
			3.1.3 Resolution
			3.1.4 Accuracy
			3.1.5 Offset and Zero Drift
			3.1.6 Noise
			3.1.7 Response Time
			3.1.8 Frequency Response and Bandwidth
			3.1.9 Operating Conditions
		3.2 Sensor Error Reduction Techniques
			3.2.1 Compensation
			3.2.2 Feedback Methods
			3.2.3 Filtering
				Filtering Prior to Transduction
				Filtering after Transduction
			3.2.4 Modulation
				Multiplier as Modulator
				Switch Modulator
				Measurement Bridge as Modulator
			3.2.5 Demodulation
			3.2.6 Correction Methods
		References and Literature
			References to Cited Literature
		Literature for Further Reading
			Many Books on Instrumentation and Measurement Comprise Chapters on Accuracy and Noise Reduction, for Instance
‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\4---Resistive-Sensors_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎
	4 Resistive Sensors
		4.1 Resistivity and Resistance
		4.2 Potentiometric Sensors
			4.2.1 Construction and General Properties
			4.2.2 Electrical Characteristics
			4.2.3 Interfacing
			4.2.4 Contact-Free Potentiometers
			4.2.5 Applications of Potentiometers
		4.3 Strain Gauges
			4.3.1 Construction and Properties
			4.3.2 Interfacing
			4.3.3 Applications of Strain Gauges
		4.4 Piezoresistive Sensors
			4.4.1 Piezoresistivity
				Piezoresistive Silicon Sensors
				Piezoresistive Elastomers
			4.4.2 Micromachined Piezoresistive Sensors
				Pressure and Force Sensors
				Piezoresistive Accelerometers
			4.4.3 Applications of Piezoresistive Sensors
				Tactile Sensors
		4.5 Magnetoresistive Sensors
			4.5.1 Magnetoresistivity
			4.5.2 Applications of Magnetoresistive Sensors
		4.6 Thermoresistive Sensors
			4.6.1 Thermoresistivity
			4.6.2 Resistance Thermometer
			4.6.3 Thermistors
		4.7 Optoresistive Sensors
		References and Literature
			References to Cited Literature
		Literature for Further Reading
			Books and Reviews on Magnetoresistive Sensors and Applications
			Books and Review Articles on Tactile Sensors
‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\5---Capacitive-Sensors_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎
	5 Capacitive Sensors
		5.1 Capacitance and Permittivity
		5.2 Basic Configurations of Capacitive Sensors
			5.2.1 Flat-Plate Capacitive Sensors
			5.2.2 Multiplate Capacitive Sensors
			5.2.3 Silicon Capacitive Sensors
				Silicon Pressure Sensors
				Silicon Accelerometers
		5.3 Interfacing
		5.4 Applications
			5.4.1 Capacitive Sensors for Position- and Force-Related Quantities
			5.4.2 Particular Applications
		References and Literature
			References to Cited Literature
		Literature for Further Reading
‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\6---Inductive-and-Magnetic-Sensors_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎
	6 Inductive and Magnetic Sensors
		6.1 Magnetic and Electromagnetic Quantities
			6.1.1 Magnetic Field Strength, Magnetic Induction and Flux
			6.1.2 Permeability
			6.1.3 Eddy Currents
			6.1.4 Magnetic Resistance (Reluctance) and Self-Inductance
			6.1.5 Magnetostriction
		6.2 Magnetic Field Sensors
			6.2.1 Coil
			6.2.2 Hall Plate Sensors
			6.2.3 Fluxgate Sensors
		6.3 Magnetic and Induction Based Displacement and Force Sensors
			6.3.1 Magnetic Proximity Switches
			6.3.2 Inductive Proximity and Displacement Sensors
			6.3.3 Eddy Current Displacement Sensors
			6.3.4 Variable Differential Transformers
			6.3.5 Resolvers and Synchros
			6.3.6 Magnetostrictive or Elastomagnetic Sensors
		6.4 Applications
			6.4.1 Interfacing Inductive Sensors
			6.4.2 Contact-Free Sensing Using Magnetic and Inductive Sensors
			6.4.3 Applications of Variable Reluctance and Eddy Current Sensors
				Angular Displacement
				Linear Displacement and Velocity
				Non-Destructive Testing and Material Characterization
			6.4.4 Applications of Other Inductive Sensors
		References and Literature
			References to Cited Literature
		Literature for Further Reading
			Books
			Review Papers
‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\7---Optical-Sensors_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎
	7 Optical Sensors
		7.1 Electro-Optical Components
			7.1.1 Light Emitters
			7.1.2 Light Sensors
			7.1.3 Position Sensitive Diode
		7.2 Optical Displacement Sensors
			7.2.1 Intensity Measurement
			7.2.2 Triangulation
			7.2.3 Optical Encoders
			7.2.4 Interferometry
			7.2.5 Time-of-Flight
		7.3 Interfacing
			7.3.1 LEDs and Photo Diodes
			7.3.2 Interfacing PSDs
		7.4 Applications
			7.4.1 Linear Displacement Sensing
				Linear Distance
				Surface Properties: Roughness, Flatness, Thickness
				Linear Velocity and Acceleration
			7.4.2 Angular Displacement Sensing
			7.4.3 Object Tracking
			7.4.4 Object Shape
			7.4.5 Navigation
			7.4.6 Force, Torque and Strain Sensing
		References and Literature
			References to Cited Literature
		Literature for Further Reading
			Recommended Books on Optoelectronics
‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\8---Piezoelectric-Sensors_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎
	8 Piezoelectric Sensors
		8.1 Piezoelectricity
			8.1.1 Piezoelectric Materials
			8.1.2 Piezoelectric Parameters
		8.2 Force, Pressure and Acceleration Sensors
			8.2.1 Construction
			8.2.2 Characteristics of Accelerometers
		8.3 Interfacing
		8.4 Applications
			8.4.1 Stress and Pressure
			8.4.2 Acceleration
			8.4.3 Tactile Sensors
		References and Literature
			References to Cited Literature
		Literature for Further Reading
			Some Books and Articles on Piezoelectric Materials, Sensors, and Applications
‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\9---Acoustic-Sensors_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎
	9 Acoustic Sensors
		9.1 Properties of the Acoustic Medium
			9.1.1 Sound Intensity and Pressure
			9.1.2 Sound Propagation Speed
			9.1.3 Acoustic Damping
			9.1.4 Acoustic Impedance
		9.2 Acoustic Sensors
			9.2.1 General Properties
			9.2.2 Electrostatic Transducers
			9.2.3 Piezoelectric Transducers
			9.2.4 Arrays
		9.3 Measurement Methods
			9.3.1 Burst
			9.3.2 Continuous Sine Wave (CW)
			9.3.3 Frequency-Modulated Continuous Waves (FMCW)
			9.3.4 Other Signal Types
		9.4 Applications
			9.4.1 Navigation
				General
				Navigation for Mobile Robots
				Navigation Tool for Visually Impaired Persons
				Localization of Tools
			9.4.2 Inspection
				General
				Acoustic Imaging
				NDT and Material Properties
				Production and Process Control
				Tactile Sensors
				Conclusion
		References and Literature
			References to Cited Literature
		Literature for Further Reading
‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\Appendix-A---Symbols-and-Notations_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎
	Appendix A Symbols and Notations
		A.1 The Electrical Domain
		A.2 The Thermal Domain
		A.3 The Mechanical Domain
		A.4 The Optical Domain
			A.4.1 Optical Quantities
			A.4.2 Radiant Energy from a Unit Surface with Lambertian Emission
			A.4.3 Derivation of Relations Between Intensity and Distance
‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\Appendix-B---Relations-Between-Quantities_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎
	Appendix B Relations Between Quantities
		B.1 Generalized Equations
		B.2 Application to Four Domains
		B.3 Heckmann Diagrams
‎C:\Users\Paul\Desktop\ScienceDirect_articles_29Jun2020_17-04-01.998\Appendix-C---Basic-Interface-Circuits_2012_Sensors-for-Mechatronics.pdf‎
	Appendix C Basic Interface Circuits
		C.1 Operational Amplifier
		C.2 Current-to-Voltage Converter
		C.3 Non-Inverting Amplifier
		C.4 Inverting Amplifier
		C.5 Comparator and Schmitttrigger
			C.5.1 Comparator
			C.5.2 Schmitttrigger
		C.6 Integrator and Differentiator
			C.6.1 Integrator
			C.6.2 Differentiator
		C.7 Filters