Sensors and Instrumentation, Aircraft/Aerospace and Dynamic Environments Testing, Volume 7: Proceedings of the 40th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition ... Society for Experimental Mechanics Series)

Preface
Contents
1 Test Data Measurement Uncertainty Analysis
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Background
	1.3 Random Uncertainty
	1.4 Systematic Uncertainty
	1.5 Final Uncertainty Calculation
	1.6 Consultant
	1.7 ASME and ISO Compliance
	1.8 Example
	1.9 Conclusion
2 Forced Vibrations of Damped Non-homogeneous Timoshenko Beams
	Nomenclature
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Basic Structure
	2.3 Solution Approaches
		2.3.1 Analytical Approach
		2.3.2 Numerical Approach
	2.4 Numerical Examples
		2.4.1 Free/Fixed Boundary Conditions
		2.4.2 Fixed/Fixed Boundary Conditions
	2.5 Assumed Modes Method
	2.6 Conclusion
	References
3 Parametric Simulations of the BARC Model in SDOF and MIMO Configurations for Estimating Service Environment Severity
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Methods
		3.2.1 Structure Modeling in ABAQUS
		3.2.2 Usage of Existing Data
		3.2.3 Boundary Conditions and Parameterization
	3.3 Analysis
		3.3.1 History Outputs
		3.3.2 Implicit Analysis
			Boundary Conditions
			Modal Analysis
			Mode-Based Steady-State Dynamics
		3.3.3 Explicit Analysis
			Boundary Conditions
			Computational Cost
		3.3.4 Frequency Response and Data Analysis
			Spectral Measurements
			Scalar Measurements
			Correlation Measurements
	3.4 Results and Discussion
	3.5 Conclusion
	Appendix
		Appendix A: Accelerometer Frequency Responses
		Frequency Responses of Each Accelerometer in the x-Direction
			Accelerometer 1
			Accelerometer 3
			Accelerometer 5
		Frequency Responses of Each Accelerometer in the y-Direction
			Accelerometer 1
			Accelerometer 3
			Accelerometer 5
		Frequency Responses of Each Accelerometer in the z-Direction
			Accelerometer 1
			Accelerometer 3
			Accelerometer 5
	References
4 Experimental Modal Analysis of a Resonant Plate During a Mid-Field Pyroshock Replication Test
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Theory and Background
		4.2.1 Modal Analysis
		4.2.2 Formulation of SWAT-TEEM
	4.3 Modal Analysis of the Resonant Plate Test
	4.4 Conclusion
	References
5 A Parameter Study of the Matrix Power Control Algorithm
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Explanation of MPCA
	5.3 Simulation Models
	5.4 Simulation Results
	5.5 Experimental Results
	5.6 Conclusion
	References
6 Acoustic Resonance Testing on Production Lines with the Smart Impulse Hammer WaveHitMAX
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Background
	6.3 Technical Implementation
	6.4 Measurement Setup
	6.5 Analysis
		6.5.1 Feature Extraction
		6.5.2 Feature Selection
		6.5.3 Classification
	6.6 Conclusion
	References
7 Techniques for Modifying MIMO Random Vibration Specifications
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Typical MIMO Testing Process
	7.3 Options for MIMO Response-Control Specifications When Data Is Not Available
		7.3.1 Use a Generic Straight-Line Specification from a Standard
		7.3.2 Apply the Specification from the Old System to the New System
		7.3.3 Modify the Specification to Account for the Differences Between A and B
	7.4 Techniques for Specification Modification
		7.4.1 Frequency Averaging and Frequency Modification
		7.4.2 DOF Averaging
	7.5 Example Using the BARC
	7.6 Observations
		7.6.1 Frequency Averaged Specification
		7.6.2 Frequency Modified Specification
		7.6.3 All DOF Averaged SPEC
		7.6.4 Group DOF Averaged SPEC
	7.7 Conclusion
	References
8 On the Selection of Mode Shapes Used in Optimal Sensor Placement
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 The Railway Bridge and Numerical Modeling
	8.3 Application of the EFI Method and the Optimal Sensor Placement
	8.4 Conclusion
	References
9 Thoughts on Automatic Impulse Hammer Parameters and Sensor Fixation Methods
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Automated Impulse Hammer Parameters
		9.2.1 System Description
		9.2.2 Influence of the Bolt Mass
		9.2.3 Influence of the Spring Stiffness
	9.3 Sensor Fixation Parameters
		9.3.1 Technical Properties of Fixation Methods
		9.3.2 Experimental Setup
			9.3.2.1 Normal Direction
			9.3.2.2 Tangential Direction
	9.4 Summary
	References
10 Modal Correlation of Complex Aerospace Joints Using Automated Variable Substitution
	Nomenclature
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Analysis Approach
		10.2.1 Design Variable Definition
		10.2.2 Symbolic Substitution
		10.2.3 Iteration Value Assignment
		10.2.4 Nastran SOL200 Deck Setup
	10.3 Shell Automation Script
		10.3.1 Initial Script Setup
		10.3.2 Iteration Loop Definition
		10.3.3 Shell Script Execution
		10.3.4 Output Review
	10.4 Case Study
	10.5 Conclusion
	References
11 Multi-Shaker Testing at the Component Level
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Field and Laboratory Configurations
	11.3 System Tests
	11.4 ICE Tests
	11.5 SDOF Tests
	11.6 Overall System, ICE, and SDOF Comparison
	11.7 Conclusion
	References
12 Balancing Impedance and Controllability in Response Reconstruction
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Assembly and Environment Definitions
	12.3 MIMO Simulations
		12.3.1 Roving Hammer FRFs
		12.3.2 Mathematical Model
		12.3.3 Shaker Selection Algorithm
	12.4 Methodology
	12.5 MIMO Reconstruction
	12.6 Simulation with Condition Number Threshold
		12.6.1 Condition Number Threshold Implementation
		12.6.2 Simulation Results with Condition Number Threshold
	12.7 Conclusion
	References
13 Challenges and Considerations When Using Hydraulic Modal Shaking in Large-Scale Modal Testing
	13.1 Background
	13.2 Hydraulic Actuator Basics
	13.3 Hydraulic Actuator Nonlinear Distortion
	13.4 Shaker Performance Limits
	13.5 Operational and Safety Concerns
	13.6 Pretest Analysis: End-to-End Force Response Simulation
	13.7 Hydraulic Multi-Axis Shaker Vibration Test Facilities and Beyond
	13.8 Conclusion
	References
14 Damage and Loose Rivet Detection on an Airbus A320 Panel Using Non-contact Measurement Techniques
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Experimental Setup
		14.2.1 Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Setup
		14.2.2 Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) Setup
	14.3 Results
		14.3.1 DIC Full-Field Modal Analysis and Damage Detection
		14.3.2 Damage Detection with Nonlinear Analysis
		14.3.3 Damage Detection with ML Techniques
	14.4 Conclusions
	References
15 Localisation of Sonic Sources on a Contemporary Violin Made on a Guarneri del Gesù Model
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Sound Source Localisation Methods
	15.3 Experimental Setup
	15.4 Sound Source Localisation
		15.4.1 Localisation of Sound Sources
		15.4.2 Structural Mode Shape Qualitative Analysis
	15.5 Conclusion
	References