Sensor Networks and Signal Processing: Proceedings of the 2nd Sensor Networks and Signal Processing (SNSP 2019), 19-22 November 2019, Hualien, Taiwan

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	Organization
		The 2nd Sensor Networks and Signal Processing (SNSP 2019)
		2019 International Conference on Machine Learning and Intelligent Systems (MLIS 2019)
	Preface
	Contents
	About the Editors
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	Part I Sensor Networks and Communications
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	1 An Improved Clustering Routing Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 Related Work
		1.3 The Three-Level Protocol of DEEC
			1.3.1 Network Model
			1.3.2 Energy Model
			1.3.3 Cluster Heads Selection Method
			1.3.4 Setup of the Cluster and Data Transmission
		1.4 Proposed Algorithm
			1.4.1 Cluster Head Selection
			1.4.2 The Improvement of Threshold
			1.4.3 State Transition
			1.4.4 Data Transmission
		1.5 Simulation and Discussion
		1.6 Conclusion
		References
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	2 Improvement of RPL Routing Strategy Based on 6LoWPAN
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Related Work
			2.2.1 Basic Objective Function in Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks
			2.2.2 Routing Decision Research
			2.2.3 RPL Performance Test
		2.3 RRRPL Description
			2.3.1 RRRPL Calculation Model
			2.3.2 Comparison of M Metrics and R Metrics
			2.3.3 RRRPL Pseudocode Implementation
		2.4 Simulation Results and Analysis
			2.4.1 Simulation Setup
			2.4.2 Simulation Results
			2.4.3 Simulation Analysis
		2.5 Conclusion and Recommendations
		References
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	3 Design of a New Multi-output Constant Current Source Based on Power Allocation Control Strategy
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 System Composition and Control Strategy
			3.2.1 System Composition
			3.2.2 System Control Strategy
		3.3 System Programming
		3.4 System Simulation Results Analysis
		3.5 Conclusion
		References
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	4 Use Accelerometer to Monitoring the Exercise Status: Held the Push-Ups Movement as an Example
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Methodology
			4.2.1 Participants
			4.2.2 Phases of a Push-up
			4.2.3 Defining the Validity Criteria for Exercise Status
			4.2.4 Experimental Control
			4.2.5 Procedure
		4.3 Results
		4.4 Conclusion
		References
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	5 Low-Coupling 2 ∗ 1 Micro-strip Antenna Array Based on Defect Structure
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Decoupling Structure
		5.3 Antenna Design
		5.4 Decoupling Performance Analysis
		5.5 Conclusion
		References
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	6 Power Control in D2D Underlay Distributed Antenna Systems
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 System Model and Problem Formulation
			6.2.1 System Model
			6.2.2 Channel Model
			6.2.3 Achievable Rate
		6.3 Objective Optimization Formulation
			6.3.1 Maximum SE Optimization
			6.3.2 Maximum EE Optimization
		6.4 Numerical Results
		6.5 Conclusion
		References
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	7 Analysis of Transmission Efficiency of Magnetically Coupled Resonant Radio Energy
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Resonant Coupled Power Wireless Transmissions Works
		7.3 Circuit Design of Electromagnetic Coupling Resonant Radio Energy Transmission System
			7.3.1 The Importance of Resonance Compensation
			7.3.2 Circuit Design of the Resonant Coupling Part
			7.3.3 Experimental Analysis
		7.4 Conclusion
		References
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	8 Remote Monitoring of River Water Pollution Using Multiple Sensor System of WSNs and IoT
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Multiple Sensor System of WSNs
		8.3 System Design for Polluted Water Detection
			8.3.1 Multiple Sensor System
			8.3.2 WSN Sensing Communication
			8.3.3 IoT System and Communication
		8.4 Simulation Results and Discussion
		8.5 Conclusion
		References
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	Part II Signal and Image Processing
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	9 Dimension Detection of Varistor Based on Random Hough Transform
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Improvement of a Canny Edge Algorithm
			9.2.1 Mean Filter and Closed Operation
			9.2.2 Edge Detection
		9.3 Improved Circle Detection Algorithm Based on Random Hough Transform
		9.4 Dimensional Inspection of Varistor
		9.5 Conclusion
		References
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	10 Phase Retrieval Method Based on Transport of Intensity Equation with Microscope Single Field of View
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Transport of Intensity Equation Under Partially Coherent Optical Field
		10.3 Phase Retrieval in the Microscopic Single Field of View System
			10.3.1 Theory
			10.3.2 Experiment and Result Analysis
		10.4 Conclusion
		References
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	11 Graphic QR Code with the Second Hidden QR Code by Codeword Rearrangement
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 Related Works
		11.3 Methods
		11.4 Results and Discussions
		11.5 Conclusion
		References
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	12 A Novel Position-Shift Method of Double-Phase Fresnel Hologram for Synthesizing a Complex Fresnel Hologram
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 Principle of Complex Fresnel Hologram Synthesis
		12.3 Simulations
		12.4 Experimental Demonstration and Discussions
		12.5 Conclusions
		References
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	13 An Examination of Obstacle Avoidance by Sound for Visually Impaired Children
		13.1 Introduction
		13.2 Walking Training Device
		13.3 The Obstacle Transmission Unit
			13.3.1 Sound Selection Process
			13.3.2 Positioning of Obstacle
		13.4 Evaluation Experiment
			13.4.1 Measurement Experiment of Sound Selection Accuracy
			13.4.2 Hearing Experiment by Children in School for Blind
		13.5 Conclusion
		References
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	14 Efficient Technique of Impulsive Noise Detection and Replacement in Color Digital Images
		14.1 Introduction
		14.2 Noisy Pixel Detection and Replacement
			14.2.1 Impulsive Noise Detection
			14.2.2 Noisy Pixel Replacement
		14.3 Experiments
		14.4 Conclusion
		References
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	15 Development of Walking Support System for Visually Impaired People
		15.1 Introduction
			15.1.1 Background
			15.1.2 Opinions from the Field
			15.1.3 Purpose
		15.2 Walking Training System
			15.2.1 Sensor
			15.2.2 Equipment Device
			15.2.3 Equipment Production
		15.3 Experiment
			15.3.1 Experimental Method
			15.3.2 Results and Discussion
		15.4 Improvement
		15.5 Conclusion
		References
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	16 Research on Video Mosaic Technology Based on Fully Mechanized Face of Coal Mine
		16.1 Introduction
		16.2 Introduction to Video Stitching Principle
			16.2.1 Technical Route and Block Diagram
			16.2.2 Video Stitching Algorithm Flow Introduction
		16.3 Result Analysis
		16.4 Conclusion
		References
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	Part III Data Processing and Security
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	17 Optimization Scheme for Traceability of Distributed Denial of Service Attacks Based on Dynamic Probability Packet Marking
		17.1 Introduction
		17.2 Dynamic Probability Packet Marking Algorithm
			17.2.1 Dynamic Probabilistic Packet Marking (DPPM)
			17.2.2 The Problem of Dynamic Probability Packet Marking
		17.3 Optimization Scheme of Dynamic Probability Packet Marking
			17.3.1 Tag Domain Settings
			17.3.2 Generation of Tag Information
			17.3.3 Marking Algorithm
			17.3.4 Path Reconstruction Algorithm Running on the Victim Host
		17.4 Experimental Simulation Results
			17.4.1 Convergence Performance Comparison
			17.4.2 False Positive Rate
			17.4.3 Attack Source Uncertainty
		17.5 Conclusion
		References
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	18 Processing Initial Data for the Agent-Based Model of the Russian Federation Spatial Development
		18.1 Introduction
		18.2 Research Methodology
		18.3 Structure of the Agent-Based Model
		18.4 Data Processing Algorithms
			18.4.1 Production and Service
			18.4.2 Export and Import
			18.4.3 Supply
			18.4.4 Property, Plants, and Equipment
			18.4.5 Employment
		18.5 Further Data Processing
		18.6 Results and Discussion
		References
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	19 Design and Implementation of Total Station Wireless Data Transmission System
		19.1 System Design
		19.2 Hardware Design of the System
			19.2.1 Interface Circuit Design
			19.2.2 nRF905 Transceiver Module Circuit
			19.2.3 Block Diagram of Interface Circuit Between DSP and PC
		19.3 Software Design of the System
			19.3.1 Software Programming
			19.3.2 Software Program Implementation
		19.4 System Testing and Results
			19.4.1 Wireless Transmission Data Testing
			19.4.2 Display Result of PC Serial Port Software
		19.5 Conclusion
		References
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	20 The Comprehensive Evaluation of “Five Aspects” Based on Coefficient-of-Variation-Modified G1 Combination Weighting
		20.1 Introduction
		20.2 Construction of the Index System
			20.2.1 Basis of the Construction of the Index System and Establishment of the Criterion Layer
			20.2.2 Construction of the Index System
		20.3 Coefficient-of-Variation-Modified G1 Combination Weighting Method
			20.3.1 Introduction of the Traditional G1 Method
			20.3.2 Coefficient-of-Variation-Modified G1 Method
		20.4 Empirical
			20.4.1 Evaluation Objects and Data Sources
			20.4.2 Evaluation Index
			20.4.3 Calculating the Coefficient of Variation and the Combination Weight
			20.4.4 Calculating the Score of Evaluation Object
			20.4.5 Analysis of the Status Quo of the Development of “Five Aspects” in Guangdong Province
			20.4.6 Comparison
		20.5 Conclusion
		References
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	21 An Inertia Weight Variable Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm with Mutation
		21.1 Introduction
		21.2 Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm and Its Improved Strategy
			21.2.1 Basic Particle Swarm Optimization
			21.2.2 Variable Inertia Weight Reduction Strategy
			21.2.3 Introduction and Improvement of Mutation Algorithm
		21.3 Experiments and Discussion
			21.3.1 Experiment on Inertia Weight Strategy
			21.3.2 Mutation Algorithm-Related Experiments and Analysis
		21.4 Conclusion
		References
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	Part IV Machine Learning
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	22 Performance of Probabilistic Approach and Artificial Neural Network on Questionnaire Data Concerning Taiwanese Ecotourism
		22.1 Introduction
		22.2 Brief Summary of Theoretical Background
			22.2.1 Compositional Models
			22.2.2 Artificial Neural Networks
			22.2.3 Measures Based on Confusion Matrix
		22.3 Data Set and Preprocessing
		22.4 Models
			22.4.1 Resulting Compositional Model
			22.4.2 Resulting Artificial Neural Network
			22.4.3 Comparison of Both Types of Models
		22.5 Conclusion
		References
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	23 AC Operation Hardware Learning Neural Circuit Using V-F Converter System
		23.1 Introduction
			23.1.1 Analog Hardware Neural Network
			23.1.2 Pulsed Neural Network
			23.1.3 How to Realize the Variable Connecting Weights?
		23.2 Neural Network by Analog Electronic Circuit
			23.2.1 Neural Network Using Solid or Variable Resistance Elements
			23.2.2 Neural Network Using Multiple Circuits
		23.3 Perceptron Network by Analog Circuits
		23.4 AC Operation Neural Circuit
			23.4.1 V-F Converter Circuits
			23.4.2 The Behavior of the Neural Circuit by AC Transmission
		23.5 Conclusion and Future Work
			23.5.1 Conclusion
			23.5.2 Future Scope Using Deep Learning Model
		References
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	24 An Inequality for Linear Canonical Transform
		24.1 Introduction
		24.2 Essential Properties of Linear Canonical Transform
		24.3 Inequality for LCT
		24.4 Conclusion and Future Work
		References
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	25 A General Approach to Probabilistic Data Mining
		25.1 Introduction
		25.2 Basic Notions and Notation
		25.3 Decomposition of Probability Distributions
		25.4 Compositional Models
		25.5 Heuristics for Model Construction
		25.6 Example
		25.7 Conclusions
		References
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	26 A Novel Four-Dimensional Chaotic System with Four Cross Terms
		26.1 Introduction
		26.2 A New 4D Chaotic System
		26.3 Some Properties of the New Chaotic System
			26.3.1 Symmetry, Equilibrium Points, and Stability
			26.3.2 Lyapunov Exponent Spectra and Bifurcation Diagrams
			26.3.3 Time Domain Waveform and Frequency Spectrum
		26.4 Conclusions
		References
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	27 Influence of the Optical Aspects of Photographic Composition on the User Experience in the Issues Related to Decision Making, Choices and Level of Visual Comfort
		27.1 Introduction
			27.1.1 Optical Aspects of Image Composition by Contrasts—Campos Method
		27.2 First Step of the Experiment
		27.3 Second Step of the Experiment
		27.4 Results and Analysis of the Experiment
			27.4.1 Data Analysis of Table 27.1
			27.4.2 Data Analysis of Table 27.2
			27.4.3 Data Analysis of Table 27.3
			27.4.4 Data Analysis of Table 27.4
			27.4.5 Data Analysis of Table 27.5
		27.5 Conclusions
		References
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	28 Compositional Models: Iterative Structure Learning from Data
		28.1 Introduction
			28.1.1 Knowledge Representation
			28.1.2 Compositional Models
		28.2 Notation and Essentials
		28.3 Decomposability
		28.4 Hierarchy in Decomposable Models Space
		28.5 Mutual Information and Decomposibility
		28.6 Model Complexity
		28.7 Information Criteria
		28.8 Algorithms
		28.9 Experiments
		28.10 Conclusion
		References
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	29 Consciousness Detection in Complete Locked-In State Patients Using Electroencephalogram Coherency  and Artificial Neural Networks
		29.1 Introduction
		29.2 Tools and Methods
			29.2.1 Description of the Approach
			29.2.2 Data Description and Preprocessing
			29.2.3 Feature Extraction: Imaginary Coherence
			29.2.4 Convolutional Autoencoder
		29.3 Results
			29.3.1 Imaginary Part of Coherence
			29.3.2 Convolutional Autoencoder
		29.4 Discussion
		29.5 Conclusion
		References
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	30 Computer Vision-Based Demersal Fish Length Measurement Technology
		30.1 Introduction
		30.2 Literature Review
		30.3 The Measuring System Framework
		30.4 Fish Length Measurement Algorithm
		30.5 Fish Size Classification
		30.6 Conclusion and Future Work
		References
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	31 A Haze Removal Method Based on Additional Depth Information and Image Fusion
		31.1 Introduction
		31.2 Related Work
		31.3 Method
			31.3.1 Haze Imaging Model
			31.3.2 LiDaR Depth Imaging
			31.3.3 Image Fusion
		31.4 Experimental Results
		31.5 Conclusion
		References
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	32 Vehicle Detection Based on Area and Proportion Prior with Faster-RCNN
		32.1 Introduction
		32.2 Related Work
			32.2.1 Background on Object Detection
			32.2.2 Background of Vehicle Detection
		32.3 Prior Knowledge
			32.3.1 Definition of Prior Knowledge
			32.3.2 Extracting Prior Knowledge from Object
		32.4 Prediction Method
			32.4.1 Neural Network Used in Experiment
			32.4.2 Anchors Generation Affected by Area and Size Prior
			32.4.3 Neural Network Training
			32.4.4 Experimental Result
		32.5 Conclusion
		References
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	33 Mining High-Utility Itemsets of Generalized Quantity with Pattern-Growth Structures
		33.1 Introduction
		33.2 Problem Definition
		33.3 Related Works
		33.4 Proposed Algorithm
			33.4.1 Global Header Table and QU-Tree Construction
			33.4.2 Discover QHTWU and Quantitative High-Utility Itemset
			33.4.3 Algorithms of QHIM
		33.5 Performance Evaluation
			33.5.1 Execution Time Evaluation
			33.5.2 Memory Evaluation
			33.5.3 Performance Discussion
		33.6 Conclusion
		References
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	34 Large-Scale Instance Selection Using a Heterogeneous Value Difference Matrix
		34.1 Introduction
		34.2 Instance Selection
		34.3 Proposed Method
			34.3.1 Suitable Partition Size Calculation
			34.3.2 HVDM Selection
		34.4 Experimental Materials and Methods
			34.4.1 Benchmarking Methods and Datasets
			34.4.2 Performance Measures
		34.5 Results
			34.5.1 Reduction Rate
			34.5.2 Classification Accuracy
			34.5.3 Cohen's Kappa
			34.5.4 Trade-Off Between Accuracy and Reduction Rate
		34.6 Conclusion
		References
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	Part V Intelligent Systems
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	35 Bio-inspired Algorithms for Modeling and Control of Underwater Flexible Single-Link Manipulator
		35.1 Introduction
		35.2 Underwater Manipulator Test Rig
		35.3 System Identification
			35.3.1 Cuckoo Search
			35.3.2 Flower Pollination Algorithm
		35.4 Tuning of PID Controller Using FPA
		35.5 Results and Discussion
			35.5.1 System Identification Using CSA and FPA
			35.5.2 PID Tuning Using FPA
		References
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	36 Application of Time Series Method to the Passenger Flow Prediction in the Intelligent Bus Transportation System with Big Data
		36.1 Introduction
		36.2 Literature Review
		36.3 Methodology
			36.3.1 Stationary Time Series Models
			36.3.2 Time Series Analysis
		36.4 Empirical Results
			36.4.1 Introduction to Database
			36.4.2 Data Preprocessing
			36.4.3 Model Building
		36.5 Conclusion
		36.6 Open Questions and Potential Improvements
		References
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	37 Application of Sample Entropy to Analyze Consciousness in CLIS Patients
		37.1 Introduction
		37.2 Method
			37.2.1 Dataset
			37.2.2 Sample Entropy
		37.3 Results
		37.4 Discussion
		37.5 Conclusion
		References
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	38 Intelligent Tuning of PID Controller for Double-Link Flexible Robotic Arm Manipulator by Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
		38.1 Introduction
		38.2 Experimental Setup and System Identification
			38.2.1 Robotics Manipulator Test Rig
			38.2.2 System Identification
		38.3 Optimization Algorithm
		38.4 Controller Development
			38.4.1 Intelligent Collocated PID Controller
			38.4.2 Intelligent Non-collocated PID Controller
		38.5 Results and Discussion
			38.5.1 Modeling Results
			38.5.2 Control Results
		38.6 Conclusion
		References
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	39 MG-CMF: A Multi-granularity Capture Matching Features Model for Text Matching
		39.1 Introduction
		39.2 Related Works
		39.3 MG-CMF Model
			39.3.1 Text Preprocessing
			39.3.2 Feature Extraction
			39.3.3 Text Matching
		39.4 Experiment and Analysis
			39.4.1 Paraphrase Identification Task
			39.4.2 Answer Selection Task
		39.5 Conclusion
		References
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	40 Detecting Domain Name System Tunneling and Exfiltration from Domain Name System Traffic
		40.1 Introduction
		40.2 Related Work
			40.2.1 DNS Tunnel
			40.2.2 DNS Exfiltration
			40.2.3 Unsupervised Learning
			40.2.4 Supervised Learning
		40.3 Problem Formulation
		40.4 Overview of the Approach
			40.4.1 DNS Query Collection
			40.4.2 Feature Engineering
			40.4.3 Determining the Optimal Number of Clusters that Can Find a DNS Tunnel
			40.4.4 Training an XGBoost Model for Identifying DNS Exfiltration
		40.5 Experiment
			40.5.1 DNS Tunnel Detection
			40.5.2 DNS Exfiltration Detection
		40.6 Conclusion
		References
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	41 Activity Recognition Based on Latent Knowledge Mining in Smart Home
		41.1 Introduction
		41.2 Latent Knowledge Between Sensors and Activities
		41.3 Latent Knowledge in Multi-resident Activities
		41.4 Validation
			41.4.1 Validation 1
			41.4.2 Validation 2
		41.5 Conclusions
		References
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	42 Pattern Retrieval on the Game of Go
		42.1 Introduction
		42.2 Information Retrieval System
		42.3 Converting and Expending of the SGF Go Game Records
		42.4 A Sequential Go Pattern Matching Algorithm
		42.5 Index Structure on the Go Game Database
		42.6 Four Applications of the Proposed Structure
			42.6.1 Opening
			42.6.2 Joseki
			42.6.3 Tesuji Tree
			42.6.4 Endgame
		42.7 Conclusion
		References