Self-organisation and Evolution of Biological and Social Systems

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 9
Preface......Page 11
Introduction......Page 12
The chapters......Page 13
The development of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum......Page 18
Early aggregation......Page 20
Chemotactic movement......Page 21
Aggregation streams......Page 23
Cell movement in mounds......Page 24
Slugs......Page 25
Culmination......Page 26
Modelling morphogenesis......Page 28
Acknowledgements......Page 31
Introduction......Page 36
The model......Page 37
Optimality of collective choices: the influence of the number of food sources......Page 39
Optimality of collective choices: the influence of the recruitment intensity......Page 41
Optimality of collective choices: the influence of the sensitivity to the trail......Page 42
Discussion......Page 43
Acknowledgements......Page 44
References......Page 45
Multiple mating in social insects......Page 47
Regulation of dominance hierarchies......Page 48
A self-organisation model on mandibular gland pheromone secretion......Page 49
The impact of multiple mating......Page 51
Task specialisation......Page 53
Conclusion......Page 55
References......Page 58
Introduction......Page 61
Emergence versus epiphenomena......Page 62
Biological beginnings......Page 63
Chronological review of agent-based models......Page 64
Cellular automata models......Page 76
Approaches from outside biology......Page 77
What actual fish do......Page 78
What is probably important, rule-wise......Page 83
Things that need exploring......Page 85
References......Page 87
Introduction......Page 92
The traditional theories: exchange of sociopositive behaviour......Page 94
The introduction of context: sex ratio and philopatry......Page 95
Modelling: complex social behaviour from simple rules......Page 98
The emergence of reciprocation of support in conflicts......Page 100
Self-organised reduction of aggression......Page 102
Spatial centrality of dominants......Page 104
Emergent phenomena as specific hypotheses for primates......Page 105
Discussion and conclusion......Page 111
Acknowledgements......Page 114
6 Order and noise in primate societies......Page 119
Adaptive order or disorder?......Page 120
Male infanticide......Page 121
Immatures\' interference in mating......Page 122
Allo-mothering behaviour......Page 124
Structural order......Page 125
Covariation between social patterns in macaque organisations......Page 126
Epigenetic processes......Page 128
Conclusion......Page 130
References......Page 131
Definition of self-organisation......Page 134
History of self-organisation in language research......Page 136
An example of self-organisation in language......Page 137
Self-organisation in a population of language-users......Page 138
Synchronic work......Page 140
Computer modelling of self-organisation in language......Page 141
An example of self-organisation......Page 143
Conclusion......Page 147
References......Page 148
Introduction......Page 151
The voting model......Page 152
Being in power......Page 155
Size dependence effect......Page 156
Visualisation of a numerical simulation......Page 157
Extension to three competing groups......Page 158
Conclusion......Page 160
9 Natural selection and complex systems:\ra complex interaction......Page 162
Case study 1: radical epistasis and the genotype--phenotype--fitnessrelationship......Page 163
Case study 2: group selection in humans and other animals......Page 165
Case study 3: ecosystem selection......Page 167
References......Page 175
Introduction......Page 177
Interlocking ecological and evolutionary timescales......Page 181
Self-organisation and multi-level evolution......Page 184
Evolutionary reinforcement of self-organised spatial patterns......Page 185
Population-based vs. individual-based diversity......Page 187
Genomic self\'organisation and mutational \'priming\'......Page 189
Evolutionary consequences of intracellular attractor dynamics......Page 190
Co-evolution and mutational vs. computational modes of adaptation......Page 191
Mosaic-like evolution and morphogenesis......Page 194
Discussion and conclusions......Page 196
Acknowledgements......Page 197
Index......Page 201