Selecting thermoplastics for engineering applications

Cover......Page 1
Half Title......Page 2
Title Page......Page 6
Copyright Page......Page 7
Preface......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 10
Table of Contents......Page 12
 Introduction......Page 20
  Low Cost......Page 25
  Colorability......Page 26
 The Need for a Selection Process......Page 27
  General Information......Page 34
  Appearance Considerations......Page 35
 Material Selection Factors......Page 37
  Codes and Specifications......Page 38
  Costs......Page 39
  Service Environment......Page 40
  Structural Properties......Page 44
  Other Design Considerations......Page 46
  Process Considerations......Page 48
 Introduction......Page 50
  Tensile Properties......Page 52
  Flexural Properties......Page 55
  Heat Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Load......Page 60
  Impact Resistance of Plastics (Izod Impact Test)......Page 63
  Creep......Page 64
  Fatigue......Page 71
  Arc Resistance......Page 76
  Dielectric Strength......Page 77
 Introduction......Page 78
 Complexities in Rheological Data Generation......Page 80
 A Simplified Approach to Rheology......Page 82
 Rheological Models for Unified Viscosity-MFI Curves......Page 88
 Practical Applications of the Unification Technique......Page 91
 Case Studies......Page 95
 Process Description......Page 102
  Hopper......Page 103
  Hopper Dryer......Page 104
  Barrel and Screw......Page 105
  Runners......Page 106
  Mold......Page 107
 The Captive Molder......Page 110
  Typical Custom Molder......Page 111
  Cost of Manufacture (Excluding Materials)......Page 112
  Mold Design and Operation......Page 114
  Sales......Page 117
  Administrative......Page 118
 Servicing Large Organizations......Page 120
 Servicing Smaller Organizations......Page 121
 Material Supplier Performance......Page 122
 Mold Shrinkage......Page 123
 Economics......Page 124
 Introduction......Page 126
  Molding in Temporary Prototype Molds......Page 127
  Preproduction Tooling......Page 129
  Molding in Die-Cast Molds......Page 131
 Introduction......Page 134
 Example: Comparison of Estimated Part Costs......Page 135
 Summary......Page 139
 Compositions Selected for Individual Attention......Page 140
  ABS......Page 141
  Acetals......Page 143
  Nylon 6......Page 146
  Nylon 6/6......Page 147
  Glass-Reinforced Nylons......Page 149
  Mineral-Reinforced Nylons......Page 151
  Toughened Nylon (Super Tough®)......Page 154
  Polycarbonate......Page 156
  Glass-Reinforced Polycarbonate......Page 159
  Polyphenylene Ether-Based Resin (Notyl®)......Page 160
  PPE-Based Resin-Glass Reinforced......Page 161
  Polypropylene (Talc Filled)......Page 163
  Polysulfone......Page 164
  Thermoplastic Polyesters......Page 167
 Introduction......Page 172
 Ranking by Resistance to Chemicals and Solvents......Page 177
 Ranking by Flexural Modulus (Stiffness)......Page 178
 Ranking by Flexural Strength......Page 181
 Ranking by Toughness (Notched Izod)......Page 182
 Ranking by Elongation at Break......Page 184
 Ranking by Apparent (Creep) Modulus......Page 185
 Ranking by Dielectric Strength......Page 187
 Ranking by Specific Gravity......Page 188
 Ranking by Typical Mold Shrinkage (and Effects on Warpage)......Page 189
 Ranking by Price......Page 190
 Ranking by Processability......Page 191
 Example #1......Page 192
 Example #2......Page 196
 "General Usefulness" Ranking......Page 197
 Introduction......Page 202
  Warpage......Page 203
  Flash......Page 204
 Introduction......Page 206
 American Plastics Council......Page 208
 The Automotive Industry......Page 209
 Selective Dismantling......Page 212
 Coding and Identification of Plastics......Page 215
 Summary and Conclusion......Page 216
 Introduction......Page 218
  Properties......Page 219
  Chemistry......Page 221
  Chemistry......Page 222
  End Uses......Page 223
  End Uses......Page 224
  End Uses......Page 225
  Properties......Page 226
  Special Considerations......Page 227
 Introduction......Page 228
  Knowledge Base......Page 230
  Expert Systems in Materials Selection......Page 231
  Knowledge Base......Page 233
  Rules Structure with Probability Assignments......Page 234
  Some Sample Production Rules......Page 235
 Example Session with Selecther......Page 252
References......Page 280
Appendix A: Suppliers for Engineering Plastics......Page 288
Appendix B: Details of Various Files Needed for the Expert System Selecther......Page 292
Glossary......Page 310
Nomenclature......Page 316
Index......Page 320