Seismic Vulnerability of Structures

Seismic Vulnerability of \rStructures......Page 2
Copyright\r......Page 3
Table of Contents......Page 4
Introduction......Page 9
Bibliography......Page 20
1.1. Introduction......Page 23
1.2. Damage levels and building types classification......Page 30
1.3. The macroseismic approach......Page 34
1.4. The mechanical approach......Page 43
1.4.1. Masonry buildings......Page 46
1.4.2. Reinforced concrete buildings......Page 59
1.5. Implementation of models for scenario analysis at territorial scale......Page 74
1.7. Bibliography......Page 79
2.1. Introduction......Page 85
2.2.1. What is pushover analysis?......Page 86
2.2.2. How to calculate or construct a pushover curve?......Page 87
2.2.3. Critical aspects in the construction or calculation of a pushover curve......Page 94
2.2.4. Hypotheses and developments......Page 95
2.2.5. Evaluation of the target displacement and the performance point PP......Page 99
2.3.1. From deterministic evaluation to fragility functions......Page 105
2.3.2. The “indirect? methods based on the capacity curve......Page 111
2.3.3. “Direct? methods......Page 116
2.3.4. Toward multivariate fragility functions......Page 120
2.4. Conclusions......Page 122
2.5. Bibliography......Page 123
3.1. Introduction......Page 133
3.2.1. Buildings analyzed......Page 135
3.2.2. Inelastic analysis procedure......Page 137
3.2.3. Estimation of economic loss using inelastic dynamic analysis......Page 139
3.2.4. Development of pushover and capacity curves......Page 141
3.2.5. Derivation of fragility curves......Page 146
3.2.6. Fragility curves in terms of Sd......Page 153
3.3.2. Purely empirical approach......Page 155
3.3.3. Nonlinear analysis and capacity curves......Page 158
3.3.4. Hybrid fragility curves......Page 162
3.4. Region-specific fragility curves......Page 166
3.5. Development of earthquake scenarios......Page 169
3.6. Concluding remarks......Page 175
3.7. Acknowledgments......Page 177
3.8. Bibliography......Page 178
4.1. Introduction......Page 182
4.2.1. Historical background......Page 184
4.2.2. Stability and temporal variation of the vibrations......Page 190
4.2.3. Analysis of recordings......Page 193
4.3.1. Case of the common building in mainland France......Page 197
4.3.2. Experimental data and vulnerability models......Page 202
4.4.1. Modal model......Page 204
4.4.2. Validation using the buildings of Grenoble......Page 205
4.5.1. Fragility curves and uncertainties......Page 208
4.5.2. Application in Grenoble......Page 211
4.6.1. Nonlinear behavior......Page 217
4.6.2. Soil?strutcture interaction......Page 219
4.7. Conclusions......Page 220
4.9. Bibliography......Page 223
5.1. Introduction......Page 234
5.2.1. Presentation of the structure......Page 237
5.2.2. Spatial discretization......Page 238
5.2.4. Validation of the numerical model......Page 240
5.2.5. Assessment of the seismic vulnerability dynamic simulations......Page 244
5.2.6. Estimation of the seismic vulnerability using pushover analysis......Page 253
5.3. Conclusions......Page 259
5.6. Bibliography......Page 261
6.2. Earthquake in the Swiss SIA construction codes......Page 269
6.2.1. Seismic hazard......Page 270
6.2.2. New and existing: different approaches......Page 274
6.2.3. Existing: approach based on risk......Page 275
6.3. Examples: masonry buildings......Page 292
6.3.1. Analysis method and assumptions......Page 293
6.3.2. Isolated building of three stories......Page 295
6.3.3. Seven-story “bar-shaped? building......Page 298
6.4. Bibliography......Page 305
7.1. Introduction......Page 307
7.2.1. Seismic behavior of bridges and main reasons for failure......Page 308
7.2.2. The approaches for vulnerability evaluation developed abroad......Page 318
7.3.1. General context......Page 327
7.3.2. Presentation of the calibration method......Page 331
7.3.3. Calculation of the risk indexes and use of the results......Page 342
7.3.4. Examples of application......Page 345
7.4. Conclusions......Page 354
7.5. Bibliography......Page 355
7.6. List of acronyms......Page 357
List of Authors......Page 359
Index......Page 361