Seismic Behaviour and Design of Irregular and Complex Civil Structures III (Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering, 48)

Preface
Contents
Contributors
Part I: Seismic Load, Ground Motion, Rocking Excitations
	Chapter 1: Effect of Soil Compliance on Seismic Response of Slender Towers Under Rocking Excitations
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 Ground Motion Input
		1.3 Numerical Analyses
		1.4 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 2: Evaluation of Foundation Input Motions Based on Kinematic Interaction Models
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Kinematic Interaction Procedures
		2.3 Case-Study Buildings
		2.4 Numerical Analysis
		2.5 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 3: Transverse and Longitudinal Seismic Effects on Soil-Steel Bridges
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Short Description of the Analysed Bridge
		3.3 Numerical Model
			3.3.1 General Remarks
			3.3.2 Material Characteristics
		3.4 Results of Modal and Seismic Analyses
		3.5 Conclusion
		References
Part II: Seismic Analysis and Design of Irregular Structures
	Chapter 4: Deformation Based Seismic Design of Generally Irregular 3D RC Frame Buildings for Minimized Total Steel Volume
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Problem Statement
		4.3 Proposed Methodology
		4.4 Example
		4.5 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 5: Fast Nonlinear Response History Analysis: An Application to Irregular Building Structures
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Ground Motions Selected
		5.3 Structural Systems
		5.4 Methodology
			5.4.1 Trimming Leading Weak Signal
			5.4.2 Trimming Leading Weak Signal
			5.4.3 Downsampling
		5.5 Results
		5.6 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 6: Seismic Behaviour of an Irregular Old RC Dual-System Building in Lisbon
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Building Structure
			6.2.1 Numerical Modelling
		6.3 Seismic Safety Assessment
			6.3.1 Methodology
		6.4 Analyses of Results
			6.4.1 Evaluation of the Target Displacement
			6.4.2 Shear Demand and Capacity
			6.4.3 Retrofitting Strategy
		6.5 Final Remarks
		References
	Chapter 7: A Database for Assisted Assessment of Torsional Response of In-Plan Irregular Buildings
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Population of the Database
		7.3 Accelerograms
		7.4 Methodology
		7.5 Effects of the Considered Parameters on the Modification of the Displacement Demand
		7.6 Structure of the Database
		7.7 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 8: Modified Mode-Adaptive Bi-directional Pushover Analysis Considering Higher Mode for Asymmetric Buildings
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Description of Modified MABPA
		8.3 Buildings and Ground Motion Data
			8.3.1 Model Buildings
			8.3.2 Ground Motion Data
			8.3.3 Analysis Cases
		8.4 Analysis Results
		8.5 Discussion and Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 9: Structural Irregularities in RC Frame Structures Due to Masonry Enclosure Walls
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Effects of Interaction Between Masonry Infills and RC Frames
			9.2.1 Earthquake Observations
			9.2.2 Laboratory Testing
		9.3 Numerical Modelling of RC Frame Structures with Infill Panels
		9.4 Case Studies
		9.5 Modelling Parameters
		9.6 Results and Discussion
		9.7 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 10: Influence of the Soil Initial Shear Modulus on the Behaviour of Retaining Walls for Deep Excavations in Bucharest ...
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Determination of Soil Stiffness Modulus in Small Strain Domain for Projects in Bucharest
		10.3 Retaining Walls for Deep Excavations - Case Studies
			10.3.1 Cantilever Retaining Walls
			10.3.2 Retaining Walls Supported by One Level of Steel Struts
			10.3.3 Retaining Walls Supported by Two Levels of Steel Struts
		10.4 Predicted Vertical Displacements Compared to Measurements
		10.5 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 11: Seismic Performance of Uneven Double-Box Tunnel Sections for Subway
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 Preliminary Analysis
		11.3 Failure Modes for Uneven Double-Box Tunnel Sections
		11.4 Comparison with Common Double Box Tunnel Deformation
		11.5 Effects of Uneven Double-Box Tunnel Section Forms
		11.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 12: Failure Probability of Regular and Irregular RC Frame Structures
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 Summary of the Pushover-Based Risk Assessment (PRA) Method
			12.2.1 Determination of Seismic Hazard Parameters k and k0
			12.2.2 Estimation of the Capacity at ``Failure´´
			12.2.3 Dispersion of the Capacity at ``Failure´´
		12.3 Case Study: Estimation of the ``Failure´´ Probability for a Regular and Irregular Variant of a RC Frame Building
			12.3.1 The Investigated Structures and Input Parameters
			12.3.2 Structural Modelling
			12.3.3 Pushover Analysis, the Parameters of the Equivalent SDOF Systems and Consideration of the Influence of Higher-Mode Effe...
			12.3.4 Estimation of the Capacity at ``Failure´´ with the N2 Method
			12.3.5 Estimation of ``Failure´´ Probabilities
			12.3.6 Comparison of the ``Failure´´ Probabilities Obtained for the Two Variants of the Building and Discussion of Results
		12.4 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 13: Assessment of Nonlinear Static Analyses on Irregular Building Structures
		13.1 Introduction
		13.2 Description of the Analysed Buildings Structures
		13.3 The Seismic Action
		13.4 Non-linear Static Analyses. Comparative Study
			13.4.1 Modelling Issues in the Non-linear Static Analysis and in the Incremental Dynamic Analysis
			13.4.2 The Incremental Dynamic Analyses
			13.4.3 The Non-linear Static Analyses
		13.5 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 14: Seismic Assessment of an Irregular Unreinforced Masonry Building
		14.1 Introduction
		14.2 Building Description
		14.3 Structural Configuration Deficiencies and Damage Description
		14.4 The Seismic Action
		14.5 The Seismic Assessment
		14.6 The Structural Interventions Measures
		14.7 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 15: Assessment of Global Torsional Sensitivity of Common RC Structural Walls Layout Types
		15.1 Introduction
		15.2 Hypotheses and Parameters Used in the Study
		15.3 Results from Dynamic Nonlinear Computation on 3DOF Models (Method a)
		15.4 Results from Dynamic Nonlinear Computation on 3D Models (Method b)
		15.5 Results from SESA (Method c)
		15.6 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 16: Seismic Design Particularities of a Five Story Reinforced Concrete Structure, Irregular in Plan and Elevation
		16.1 Introduction
		16.2 Description of the Analysed Structure
		16.3 Seismic Particularities and Methods of Analysis
		16.4 Observations Regarding the Nonlinear Behaviour
			16.4.1 General Remarks
			16.4.2 Push-over Curves
			16.4.3 Ductility Demand
			16.4.4 Level to Level Deformations
		16.5 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 17: Effect of the Mechanical Properties of Concrete on the Seismic Assessment of RC Irregular Buildings
		17.1 Introduction
		17.2 Case-Study
		17.3 Concrete Characterization
			17.3.1 The Concrete Characterization
			17.3.2 The Assumptions Made in the Analysis
		17.4 The Analysis
		17.5 The Results
			17.5.1 Seismic Response (Global Behavior)
			17.5.2 Seismic Performance (Local Behavior)
		17.6 Conclusive Remarks
		References
	Chapter 18: An Assessment of American Criterion for Detecting Plan Irregularity
		18.1 Introduction
		18.2 Torsional Provisions
		18.3 Case Study
		18.4 Results and Discussion
		18.5 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 19: Effects of Modelling Assumptions on the Plan Irregularity Criteria for Single Storey Buildings
		19.1 Introduction
		19.2 Codes Provisions for Plan Irregularity
		19.3 Structural Characteristics for Control of Plan Irregularity
			19.3.1 Centre of Stiffness
		19.4 Torsional Radius
		19.5 Description of the Analysed Structures
		19.6 Comparison of Criteria for Regularity in Plan
		19.7 Nonlinear Seismic Assessments of Analysed Structures
		19.8 Final Remarks
		References
	Chapter 20: Numerical Study on Seismic Response of a High-Rise RC Irregular Residential Building Considering Soil-Structure In...
		20.1 Introduction
		20.2 Building Model
		20.3 Site Conditions
		20.4 Soil-Structure Flexibility
		20.5 Modal Analysis
		20.6 Seismic Analysis
		20.7 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 21: Optimum Torsion Axis of Multi-storey Buildings Based on Their Dynamic Properties
		21.1 Introduction
		21.2 Structural Models
		21.3 Analysis Process
			21.3.1 Ground Motions
			21.3.2 Uniaxial Seismic Excitation
			21.3.3 Biaxial Seismic Excitation
		21.4 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 22: Seismic Behaviour of 3D R/C Irregular Buildings Considering Complex Site Conditions
		22.1 Introduction
		22.2 Site-Specific Ground Motions
		22.3 R/C Buildings Modeling
		22.4 Nonlinear Dynamic Response of the Buildings
		22.5 Analyses Results
		22.6 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 23: Application of Artificial Neural Networks for the Assessment of the Seismic Damage of Buildings with Irregular Inf...
		23.1 Introduction
		23.2 Artificial Neural Networks - General
		23.3 Input and Output Parameters
			23.3.1 Input Parameters - Structural Parameters
			23.3.2 Input Parameters - Seismic Parameters
			23.3.3 Output Parameters
		23.4 Generation of the Training Dataset and ANNs´ Configuration
			23.4.1 Generation of the Training Data Set
			23.4.2 ANNs´ Configuration and Training Algorithms
		23.5 Analyses Results
			23.5.1 Parametric Investigation for the Optimum Configuration of Networks
			23.5.2 Generalization Ability of the Optimum Configured Networks
		23.6 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 24: Dynamic Eccentricities in Pushover Analysis of Asymmetric Single-Storey Buildings
		24.1 Introduction
		24.2 Methodology
		24.3 Numerical Example
			24.3.1 Building Characteristics
			24.3.2 Building Design
			24.3.3 Non-linear Model
		24.4 Calculation of Dynamic and Design Eccentricities
		24.5 Seismic Assessment
			24.5.1 Proposed Method of Pushover Analysis
			24.5.2 Non-linear Response History Analysis
		24.6 Results of Non-linear Analysis Methods
		24.7 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 25: Suggestions for Optimal Seismic Design of Wall-Frame Concrete Structures
		25.1 Introduction
		25.2 Constructing a Capacity Curve and Constant Ductility Yield Point Spectra
		25.3 Yield Displacements of Dual System´s Capacity Curves
		25.4 Methodology to Minimize the Torsional Response of Dual Building Systems
		25.5 Design Examples
		25.6 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 26: Dynamic Resistance of Residential Masonry Building with Structural Irregularities
		26.1 Introduction
		26.2 The Dynamic Model of the Building
		26.3 Dynamic Analyses
			26.3.1 Natural Frequencies
			26.3.2 Assumed Kinematic Loads and Dynamic Analysis
			26.3.3 Results of the Analysis
		26.4 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 27: Effect of Mass Irregularity on the Progressive Collapse Potential of Steel Moment Frames
		27.1 Introduction
		27.2 Modeling and Analysis Method
			27.2.1 Loading and Boundary Conditions
			27.2.2 Alternate Load Path Analysis Cases
		27.3 Numerical Results
		27.4 Conclusion
		References
Part III: Seismic Control and Monitoring of Irregular Structures
	Chapter 28: On the Response of Asymmetric Structures Equipped with Viscous Dampers Subjected to Simultaneous Translational and...
		28.1 Introduction
		28.2 Theoretical Framework
			28.2.1 Determining the Stiffness and the Strength Eccentricity
			28.2.2 Determining Uncoupled Translational and Torsional Frequencies
			28.2.3 Determining Damping Eccentricity
		28.3 The Model Specification
		28.4 Seismic Assessments
		28.5 Earthquake Rotational Components
		28.6 Numerical Results
			28.6.1 Effects of Rotational Component of the Earthquake
		28.7 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 29: Base Isolation as an Effective Tool for Plan Irregularity Reduction
		29.1 Introduction
		29.2 Criteria for Regularity in Plan
		29.3 Principle of Base Isolation System
		29.4 Numerical Examples
			29.4.1 Description of Analysed Structures
			29.4.2 Irregularity in Plan
			29.4.3 Seismic Action
			29.4.4 Comparison of Results
		29.5 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 30: Study on Polymer Elements for Mitigation of Earthquake-Induced Pounding Between Buildings in Complex Arrangements
		30.1 Introduction
		30.2 Experimental Investigation
			30.2.1 Experimental Setup
			30.2.2 Free Vibration Test
			30.2.3 Seismic Test
		30.3 Summary
		References
	Chapter 31: Procedure of Non-linear Static Analysis for Retrofitted Buildings Structures Through Seismic Isolation
		31.1 Introduction
		31.2 Description of the Proposed NSP
		31.3 Case Study
			31.3.1 Description of the Analysed Building Structure
			31.3.2 Bearing´s Preliminary Design
			31.3.3 The Seismic Action
			31.3.4 Performance Point Determination
		31.4 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 32: Observations of Damage to Uto City Hall Suffered in the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake
		32.1 Introduction
		32.2 Basic Information
			32.2.1 Epicenter of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake
			32.2.2 Uto City Hall
		32.3 Building Damage
			32.3.1 Overview
			32.3.2 Damage to the Main Building
		32.4 Surveillance of the Main Building by Mobile Rescue Robot
			32.4.1 Mobile Rescue Robot ``Sakura-Ichi-Go´´
			32.4.2 Route of the Surveillance Mission
			32.4.3 Surveillance Mission Results
		32.5 Discussion and Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 33: Preliminary Evaluation of Seismic Capacity and Torsional Irregularity of Uto City Hall Damaged in the 2016 Kumamot...
		33.1 Introduction
		33.2 The Main Building of Uto City Hall
		33.3 Seismic Capacity Evaluations
			33.3.1 Description of the Simplified Evaluation Method
			33.3.2 Evaluation Cases
			33.3.3 Evaluation Results
			33.3.4 Discussions
		33.4 Evaluation of Torsional Irregularity
			33.4.1 Description of Calculation Method
			33.4.2 Calculated Results
			33.4.3 Discussions
		33.5 Discussions and Conclusions
		References
Index