Sectional Anatomy for Imaging Professionals

Fornt Cover
Front matter
	Sectional anatomy for imaging professionals
Copyright
Dedication
Reviewers
Preface
Acknowledgments
Table of Contents
1 Introduction to sectional anatomy
	Objectives
	Anatomic positions and planes
	Terminology and landmarks
		External landmarks
		Internal landmarks
	Body cavities
	Abdominal and pelvic divisions
		Quadrants
		Regions
	Image acquisition
	Image display
	Multiplanar reformation and 3d imaging
		Multiplanar reformation (reformat) (mpr)
		Curved planar reformation (reformat) (CPR)
		3d imaging
			Shaded surface display (ssd).
			Maximum intensity projection (mip).
			Volume rendering (vr).
	References
2 Cranium and facial bones
	Objectives
	Cranium
		Parietal bone
		Frontal bone
		Ethmoid bone
		Sphenoid bone
		Occipital bone
		Temporal bone
		Structures of the external, middle, and inner ear
		Sutures
		Fontanels
	Facial bones
		Nasal bones
		Lacrimal bones
		Palatine bones
		Maxillary bones
		Zygomatic bones
		Inferior nasal conchae
		Vomer
		Mandible
	Temporomandibular joint
		Bony anatomy
		Articular disk and ligaments
		Muscles
	Paranasal sinuses
		Ethmoid
		Maxillary
		Sphenoid
		Frontal
		Osteomeatal unit
	Orbit
		Bony orbit
		Soft tissue structures
		Optic nerve
		Muscles of the eye
		Lacrimal apparatus
	References
3 Brain
	Objectives
	Meninges
	Ventricular system
		Ventricles
		Cisterns
	Cerebrum
		Gray and white matter organization
		Cerebral lobes
		Basal nuclei
	Diencephalon
		Thalamus
		Hypothalamus
		Pituitary gland
		Epithalamus
	Limbic system
	Brainstem
		Midbrain
		Pons
		Medulla oblongata
	Cerebellum
	Cerebral vascular system
		Arterial supply
			Internal carotid arteries. 
			Vertebral arteries.
			Circle of willis.
		Venous drainage
			Dural sinuses.
			Superficial cortical and deep veins.
	Cranial nerves
		Olfactory nerve (cn I)
		Optic nerve (cn II)
		Oculomotor nerve (cn III)
		Trochlear nerve (cn IV)
		Trigeminal nerve (cn V)
		Abducens nerve (cn VI)
		Facial nerve (cn VII)
		Vestibulocochlear nerve (cn VIII)
		Glossopharyngeal nerve (cn IX)
		Vagus nerve (cn X)
		Accessory nerve (cn XI)
		Hypoglossal nerve (cn XII)
	References
4 Spine
	Objectives
	Vertebral column
		Cervical vertebrae
		Thoracic vertebrae
		Lumbar vertebrae
		Sacrum and coccyx
	Ligaments
	Muscles
		Superficial layer
		Intermediate layer
		Deep layer
	Spinal cord
		Spinal meninges
		Spinal cord and nerve roots
	Plexuses
		Cervical plexus
		Brachial plexus
		Lumbar plexus
		Sacral plexus
	Vasculature
		Spinal arteries
		Spinal veins
			Veins of the spinal cord.
			Veins of the vertebral column.
	References
5 Neck
	Objectives
	Organs
		Pharynx
		Larynx
		Esophagus and trachea
		Salivary glands
		Thyroid gland
		Lymph nodes
		Fascial spaces
	Muscles
		Pharyngeal and tongue muscles
		Muscles within the anterior triangle
		Muscles within the posterior triangle
	Vascular structures
		Carotid arteries
		Vertebral arteries
		Jugular and vertebral veins
	References
6 Thorax
	Objectives
	Bony thorax
		Thoracic apertures
	Pleural cavities
	Lungs
	Bronchi
	Mediastinum
		Thymus gland
		Trachea and esophagus
	Lymphatic system
		Lymph nodes
		Lymph vessels
	Heart and vasculature
		Superficial landmarks
		Pericardium
		Heart wall
		Chambers
		Cardiac conduction system
		Cardiac valves
			Atrioventricular valves.
			Semilunar valves.
	Great vessels
		Circulation of blood through the heart
		Branches of the aortic arch
		Tributaries of the superior vena cava
	Coronary circulation
		Coronary arteries
		Cardiac veins
	Off-axis cardiac imaging
	Azygos venous system
	Muscles
		Muscles associated with respiration
		Muscles of the anterior and lateral thoracic walls
	Breast
	References
7 Abdomen
	Objectives
	Abdominal cavity
		Peritoneum
		Peritoneal spaces
		Retroperitoneum
		Retroperitoneal spaces
	Liver
		Surface anatomy
		Segmental anatomy
		Portal hepatic system
		Vasculature
	Gallbladder and biliary system
	Pancreas
	Spleen
	Adrenal glands
	Urinary system
	Stomach
	Intestines
	Abdominal aorta and branches
		Paired branches
			Inferior phrenic arteries.
			Lumbar arteries.
			Suprarenal arteries.
			Renal arteries.
			Gonadal arteries.
		Unpaired branches
			Celiac trunk. 
			Superior mesenteric artery.
			Inferior mesenteric artery. 
	Inferior vena cava and tributaries
		Inferior phrenic veins
		Lumbar veins
		Gonadal veins
		Renal veins
		Suprarenal veins
		Hepatic veins
	Lymph nodes
	Muscles of the abdominal wall
	References
8 Pelvis
	Objectives
	Bony pelvis
		Sacrum, coccyx, and hip bones (innominate bones)
			Ilium.
			Pubis.
			Ischium.
		Pelvic inlet and outlet
	Muscles
		Extrapelvic muscles
		Pelvic wall muscles
		Pelvic diaphragm (pelvic floor) muscles
		Perineum
	Viscera
		Bladder
		Rectum
		Female reproductive organs
			Uterus.
			Suspensory ligaments of the uterus.
			Ovaries.
			Uterine tubes.
			Vagina.
			Pelvic spaces.
		Male reproductive organs
			Scrotum.
			Testes and epididymis.
			Vas deferens (ductus) and ejaculatory duct.
			Spermatic cords.
			Seminal vesicles.
			Prostate gland.
			Bulbourethral glands.
			Penis.
	Vasculature
		Arteries
		Venous drainage
	Lymph nodes
	References
9 Upper extremity
	Objectives
	Shoulder
		Bony anatomy
			Clavicle. 
			Scapula. 
			Proximal humerus. 
		Labrum and ligaments
		Articular joint capsule
		Bursae
		Muscles and tendons
			Muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column 
			Muscles of the scapula 
			Muscles connecting the upper extremity to the anterior and lateral thoracic walls 
			Muscles of the upper arm. 
			Ventral group 
			Dorsal group 
	Elbow
		Bony anatomy
			Distal humerus. 
			Radius: Proximal. 
			Radius: Distal. 
			Ulna: Proximal. 
			Ulna: Distal. 
			Joint capsule and fat pads. 
		Ligaments
		Muscles of the forearm
			Ventral group—superficial muscles 
			Ventral group—deep muscles 
			Dorsal group—superficial muscles 
			Dorsal group—deep muscles 
	WRIST and hand
		Bony anatomy
		Joints
			Joints of the WRIST 
			Joints of the hand 
		Ligaments and fascia
			Ligaments of the fingers. 
		Muscles and tendons
			Muscles of the hand. 
			Metacarpal group 
			Thenar group 
			Hypothenar group 
	Neurovasculature
		Arterial supply
			Shoulder. 
			Elbow. 
			WRIST and hand. 
		Venous drainage
			Shoulder. 
			Elbow. 
			WRIST and hand. 
		Innervation
	References
10 Lower extremity
	Objectives
	Hip
		Bony anatomy
			Acetabulum. 
			Femur. 
		Labrum and ligaments
			Labrum. 
			Ligaments. 
		Joint capsule
		Bursae
		Muscles of the hip and thigh
			Gluteal compartment—superficial muscles 
			Gluteal compartment—deep muscles 
			Muscles of the anterior thigh compartment 
			Muscles of the medial thigh compartment 
			Muscles of the posterior thigh compartment 
	Knee and lower leg
		Bony anatomy
			Distal femur. 
			Tibia. 
			Fibula. 
			Patella and patellofemoral joint. 
		Knee joint
			Joint capsule. 
			Menisci. 
			Ligaments. 
			External ligaments. 
			Internal ligaments. 
		Tendons
		Bursae
		Muscles of the lower leg
			Anterior group. 
			Anterior group—extensor group 
			Anterior group–peroneus group 
			Posterior group. 
			Posterior group–superficial layer 
			Posterior group–deep layer 
	Ankle and foot
		Bony anatomy
			Tarsals. 
			Metatarsals. 
			Phalanges. 
		Joints
			Talocrural. 
			Intertarsal. 
			Tarsometatarsal. 
			Metatarsophalangeal. 
			Interphalangeal. 
		Arches
		Retinacula, fascia, and ligaments
			Retinacula. 
			Fascia. 
			Ligaments. 
			Ligaments of the toes. 
		Tendons
			Posterior group. 
			Anterior group. 
			Medial group. 
			Lateral group. 
		Muscles of the foot
			Muscles of the dorsum of the foot. 
			Muscles of the sole of the foot. 
				First layer. 
				Second layer. 
				Third layer. 
				Fourth layer. 
	Neurovasculature
		Arteries
			Femoral. 
			Popliteal. 
			Anterior tibial. 
			Posterior tibial. 
		Veins
		Nerves
	References
Illustration Credits
	Chapter 1
	Chapter 2
	Chapter 3
	Chapter 4
	Chapter 5
	Chapter 6
	Chapter 7
	Chapter 8
	Chapter 9
	Chapter 10
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	X
	Z