Seamless 3D Navigation in Indoor and Outdoor Spaces

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
About the Authors
Chapter 1: Introduction
	1.1. Navigation Concepts
	1.2. Current Attempts on Seamless Navigation
	1.3. Notions and Terminology
		1.3.1. Five Existing Concepts
		1.3.2. Six New Terms for Built Structures
		1.3.3. Five New Terms for Space
	1.4. Book Overview
Chapter 2: Spaces for Seamless Navigation
	2.1. Space Definitions
	2.2. Space Classification
	2.2.1. Living Environments
		2.2.2. Indoor & Outdoor
		2.2.3. Semi-bounded Spaces
		2.2.4. Four Examples of Space Classification and Definition Framework
	2.3. Space Representation
		2.3.1. BReps
		2.3.2. Voxels
		2.3.3. Examples of Space Geometric Representations
	2.4. A Generic Spaces Definition Framework
		2.4.1. Descriptive Definition
		2.4.2. Quantitative Definitions
		2.4.3. Illustration of the Generic Space Definition Framework
	2.5. Summary
Chapter 3: Space-based Navigation Models
	3.1. Navigation Network
		3.1.1. The Poincare Duality Theory
		3.1.2. Approaches for 2D Navigation Network Derivation
		3.1.3. Approaches for 3D Navigation Network Derivation
	3.2. International Standards Related to Navigation
		3.2.1. IndoorGML
		3.2.2. Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)
		3.2.3. CityGML
	3.3. Navigation Network Derivation for QR Code-based Indoor Navigation
		3.3.1. QR Code-based Indoor Navigation
		3.3.2. Indoor Scene Classification
		3.3.3. Space Subdivision and Navigation Network Derivation
		3.3.4. Dummy Nodes and Extended Navigation Network
	3.4. Summary
Chapter 4: Unified Space-based Navigation Model
	4.1. Requirements to a Unified Space-based Navigation Model
	4.2. Conceptual Model of Unified 3D Space-based Navigation Model (U3DSNM)
	4.3. Technical Model: Python Classes
	4.4. Map to IndoorGML and CityGML
	4.5. Discussion
	4.6. Summary
Chapter 5: Three New Path Options
	5.1. Current Research on Navigation Path
	5.2. Two New sI-space Related Navigation Path
	5.2.1. Parameters
		5.2.2. MTC-path
		5.2.3. NSI-path
		5.2.4. A Path Selection Strategy
		5.2.5. Illustration of the Two Path Options
	5.3. ITSP-path
		5.3.1. Concepts and Modeling
		5.3.2. Procedures of ITSP-path Planning
		5.3.3. Illustration
	5.4. Summary
Chapter 6: Reconstruction of 3D Navigation Spaces
	6.1. Semi-indoor Space Reconstruction
		6.1.1. Identification & Ordering of Proper Building Components
		6.1.2. Determination of Top and Bottom & Space Generation
		6.1.3. Space Trimming
	6.1.4. Illustration
		6.1.5. Algorithms
	6.2. Semi-outdoor & Outdoor Reconstruction
		6.2.1. Extract Object Footprints
		6.2.2. Classify Semi-outdoor and Outdoor
		6.2.3. Reconstruct 3D spaces
		6.2.4. Illustration
		6.2.5. Algorithms
	6.3. Building Shells Reconstruction
		6.3.1. Compute TIC by Projecting Footprints onto the Terrain
		6.3.2. Set Height and Create Sides
		6.3.3. Generate Top and Bottom to Reconstruct Building Shells
		6.3.4. Rebuild Terrain Considering TIC as
Constraints
	6.3.5. Illustration
		6.3.6. Algorithm
		6.3.7. Other Possible Approaches of Building Shells Reconstruction
			6.3.7.1. Footprints + Point Cloud
			6.3.7.2. 3D building model + DTM
			6.3.7.3. 3D building model + Point Cloud
			6.3.7.4. Point Cloud
	6.4. Summary
Chapter 7: Implementation & Case Study
	7.1. Data, Software, and Flowchart for Implementation
	7.2. Space Classification and Reconstruction
	7.3. Space Selection and Navigation Network Derivation
	7.4. Path Planning and Comparison of Results
		7.4.1. Examples of Seamless Navigation
		7.4.2. Example of MTC-path & NSI-path
		7.4.3. Comparison of Results
	7.5. Example of ITSP-path
		7.5.1. Data Preprocessing
		7.5.2. Navigation Network Derivation
		7.5.3. ITSP-path Planning
	7.6. Summary
Chapter 8: Conclusion and Recommendations
	8.1. Conclusion
	8.2. Conclusion on Topics
		8.2.1. Environments
	8.2.2. Spaces Representation
		8.2.3. Unified Navigation Model and Path Options
	8.3. Discussion
	8.4. Recommendations for Further Research
		8.4.1. Extend the Definition of Spaces
		8.4.2. Space Subdivision Application
		8.4.3. Include Obstacles in Path Planning
		8.4.4. Evaluate the Navigation Performance
		8.4.5. Extend the Results to Other Fields
		8.4.6. Reconstruct Spaces Based on Other Data Source
		8.4.7. Investigate Space Accessibility
		8.4.8. Develop and Evaluate New Navigation Path Options
Papers Related to this Book
References
Index