Sea Surface Sound: Natural Mechanisms of Surface Generated Noise in the Ocean

Front Matter....Pages i-xii
Mechanisms of Wave Breaking in Deep Water....Pages 1-30
Equilibrium Range Characteristics of Breaking Waves....Pages 31-38
Experiments on Breaking Waves....Pages 39-49
Wind Waves as a Coupling Process between Air and Water Turbulent Boundary Layers....Pages 51-62
On the Mechanics of Spilling Zones of Quasi-Steady Breaking Waves....Pages 63-70
An Estimate of Wave Breaking Probability for Deep Water Waves....Pages 71-83
Whitecap Coverage as a Remotely Monitorable Indication of the Rate of Bobbie Injection into the Oceanic Mixed Layer....Pages 85-96
Wave and Bubble Characteristics in the Surf Zone....Pages 97-109
LDA as a New Tool to Detect Air-Sea Interaction Mechanisms....Pages 111-121
Feasibility Study of At-Sea Measurement of Ocean-Air Interface Parameters Needed to Evaluate Ocean Surface Generated Noise....Pages 123-129
Bubble Noise Creation Mechanisms....Pages 131-150
Bubble Dynamics in Oceanic Ambient Noise....Pages 151-171
The Horizontal Structure and Distribution of Bubble Clouds....Pages 173-183
On the Distribution of Bubbles near the Ocean Surface....Pages 185-196
Study of Micro-Bubbles in the North Sea....Pages 197-210
Optical Microbubble Measurements in the North Sea....Pages 211-223
Acoustical Estimates of Subsurface Bubble Densities in the Open Ocean and Coastal Waters....Pages 225-236
Acoustic Measurements of Bubble Densities at 15–50 kHz....Pages 237-252
Propagation Effects Associated with Ambient Noise....Pages 253-272
Low Frequency Wind Generated Ambient Noise in Shallow Water....Pages 273-280
The Effect of Propagation Conditions on Wind-Generated Noise at Real Shallow Water Sites....Pages 281-293
Simultaneous Measurements of Surface Generated Noise and Attenuation at the Fixed Acoustic Shallow Water Range “Nordsee”....Pages 295-308
Mechanisms of Sound Generation at the Ocean Surface....Pages 309-324
Ambient Noise Radiation by “Soliton” Surface Waves....Pages 325-335
Ocean Noise Spectrum Below 10 Hz — Mechanisms and Measurements....Pages 337-359
Low Frequency Ocean Ambient Noise: Measurements and Theory....Pages 361-376
Estimation of Source Characteristics from Underwater Noisefield Measurements....Pages 377-389
Noise Generated by Motion of the Sea Surface — Theory and Measurement....Pages 391-402
Observations of High Frequency Ambient Sound Generated by Wind....Pages 403-415
On the Spectra of Wind Generated Sound in the Ocean....Pages 417-427
Physical Mechanisms of Noise Generation by Breaking Waves — A Laboratory Study....Pages 429-436
Audio Signature of a Laboratory Breaking Wave....Pages 437-448
Noise generation by bubbles formed in breaking waves....Pages 449-461
Acoustic Emissions Associated with Drop Impacts....Pages 463-483
The Sound Generated by Precipitation Striking the Ocean Surface....Pages 485-499
Studies of Mechanisms Influencing Rain Noise....Pages 501-512
Speculations on the Origin of Low Frequency Arctic Ocean Noise....Pages 513-532
Observation of the Sound Radiated by Individual Ice Fracturing Events....Pages 533-544
The Correlation of Mid-Frequency Pack Ice Noise with Environmental Parameters....Pages 545-554
High Frequency Ambient Sound in the Arctic....Pages 555-563
Arctic Ocean Noise Generation Due to Pack Ice Kinematics and Heat Fluxes....Pages 565-581
Acoustic Ambient Noise in the Arctic Ocean Below the Marginal Ice Zone....Pages 583-598
Ice Eddy Ambient Noise....Pages 599-605
Breaking Waves....Pages 607-610
Study of the Distribution of Bubbles and Turbulence in and Near a Breaking Wave....Pages 611-615
Sources of Sound at the Ocean Surface; Bubbles and Other Noise....Pages 617-620
Wave and Turbulence Noise....Pages 621-627
Precipitation Noise....Pages 629-631
Ice Noise....Pages 633-634
Back Matter....Pages 635-639