Scribes and Scholars: A Guide to the Transmission of Greek and Latin Literature

SCRIBES AND SCHOLARS: A Guide to the Transmission of Greek and Latin Literature......Page 2
PREFACE......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 6
I. ANCIENT BOOKS......Page 10
II. THE LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM AND HELLENISTIC SCHOLARSHIP......Page 14
III. OTHER HELLENISTIC WORK......Page 25
IV. BOOKS AND SCHOLARSHIP IN THE ROMAN REPUBLIC......Page 27
V. DEVELOPMENTS UNDER THE EARLY EMPIRE......Page 33
VI. ARCHAISM IN THE SECOND CENTURY......Page 38
VII. THE COMPENDIUM AND THE COMMENTARY......Page 40
VIII. FROM ROLL TO CODEX......Page 43
IX. PAGANISM AND CHRISTIANITY IN THE FOURTH CENTURY IN THE WESTERN EMPIRE......Page 45
X. THE SUBSCRIPTIONS......Page 48
I. SCHOLARSHIP AND LITERATURE UNDER THE ROMAN EMPIRE......Page 53
II. THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH AND CLASSICAL STUDIES......Page 57
III. THE EARLY BYZANTINE PERIOD......Page 60
IV. GREEK TEXTS IN THE ORIENT......Page 64
V. THE RENAISSANCE OF THE NINTH CENTURY......Page 67
VI. THE LATER BYZANTINE PERIOD......Page 74
I. THE DARK AGES......Page 88
II. IRELAND AND ENGLAND......Page 95
III. THE ANGLO-SAXON MISSIONARIES......Page 98
IV. INSULAR INFLUENCE ON CLASSICAL TEXTS......Page 99
V. THE CAROLINGIAN REVIVAL......Page 101
VI. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAROLINE MINUSCULE......Page 103
VII. CAROLINGIAN LIBRARIES AND THE LATIN CLASSICS......Page 104
VIII. CAROLINGIAN SCHOLARSHIP......Page 111
IX. THE CAROLINGIAN TWILIGHT......Page 115
X. THE RESURGENCE OF MONTECASSINO......Page 118
XI. THE TWELFTH-CENTURY RENAISSANCE......Page 119
XII. THE SCHOLASTIC AGE......Page 123
XIII. GREEK IN THE WEST IN THE MIDDLE AGES......Page 127
I. HUMANISM......Page 131
II. THE FIRST HUMANISTS......Page 133
III. THE CONSOLIDATION OF HUMANISM: PETRARCH AND HIS GENERATION......Page 137
IV. COLUCCIO SALUTATI (1331-1406)......Page 143
V. THE GREAT AGE OF DISCOVERY: POGGIO (1380-1459)......Page 145
VI. LATIN SCHOLARSHIP IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY: VALLA AND POLITIAN......Page 149
VII. GREEK STUDIES: DIPLOMATS, REFUGEES AND BOOK COLLECTORS......Page 155
VIII. GREEK SCHOLARSHIP IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY: BESSARION AND POLITIAN......Page 158
IX. THE FIRST PRINTED GREEK TEXTS: ALDUS MANUTIUS AND MARCUS MUSURUS......Page 163
X. ERASMUS (C.I469-I536)......Page 167
I. THE COUNTER-REFORMATION; THE HIGH RENAISSANCE IN ITALY......Page 173
II. THE BEGINNINGS OF HUMANISM AND SCHOLARSHIP IN FRANCE......Page 179
III. THE NETHERLANDS IN THE SIXTEENTH ANDSEVENTEENTH CENTURIES......Page 186
IV. RICHARD BENTLEY (1662-1742): CLASSICAL AND THEOLOGICAL STUDIES......Page 193
V. THE ORIGINS OF PALAEOGRAPHY......Page 198
(a) Palimpsests......Page 201
(b) Papyri......Page 204
(c) Other manuscript discoveries......Page 206
(d) Epigraphic texts......Page 208
VII. EPILOGUE......Page 211
I. INTRODUCTORY......Page 216
II. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEORY OF TEXTUAL CRITICISM......Page 217
(a) The construction of a stemma......Page 220
(b) The application of the stemma......Page 221
IV. LIMITATIONS OF THE STEMMATIC METHOD......Page 223
V. AGE AND MERIT IN INDIVIDUAL MANUSCRIPTS......Page 225
VI. INDIRECT TRADITION......Page 228
VII. SOME OTHER BASIC PRINCIPLES......Page 230
A. [Errors of writing]......Page 231
B. [Errors of pronunciation]......Page 234
C. [Errors of omission]......Page 235
D. [Errors of addition]......Page 236
E. [Errors of transposition]......Page 238
F. [Errors of assimilation]......Page 239
H. [Scribal intervention]......Page 240
IX. FLUID FORMS OF TRANSMISSION: TECHNICAL AND POPULAR LITERATURE......Page 243
X. CONVENTIONS IN THE APPARATUS CRITICUS......Page 246
XI. CONCLUSION......Page 248
I. Ancient books......Page 253
II. The library of the Museum and Hellenistic scholarship......Page 254
III. Other Hellenistic work......Page 255
IV. Books and scholarship in the Roman Republic......Page 256
V. Developments under the early Empire......Page 258
VII. The compendium and the commentary......Page 259
VIII. From roll to codex......Page 260
X. The subscriptions......Page 261
I. Scholarship and literature under the Roman Empire......Page 262
III. The early Byzantine period......Page 263
IV. Greek texts in the Orient......Page 264
V. The Renaissance of the ninth century......Page 265
I. The Dark Ages......Page 266
II. Ireland and England......Page 268
III. The Anglo-Saxon missionaries......Page 269
IV. Insular influence on classical texts......Page 270
VI. The development of Caroline minuscule......Page 271
VII. Carolingian libraries and the Latin classics......Page 272
VIII. Carolingian scholarship......Page 273
X. The resurgence of Montecassino......Page 275
XI. The twelfth-century renaissance......Page 276
XIII. Greek in the West in the Middle Ages......Page 278
I. Humanism......Page 279
II. The first humanists......Page 280
III. The consolidation of humanism: Petrarch and his generation......Page 281
IV. Coluccio Salutati (1331-1406)......Page 282
V. The great age of discovery: Poggio (1380-1459)......Page 283
VI. Latin scholarship in the fifteenth century: Valla and Politian......Page 284
Vili. Greek scholarship in the fifteenth century: Bessarion and Politian......Page 286
IX. The first Greek printed texts: Aldus Manutius and Marcus Musurus......Page 287
X. Erasmus......Page 288
II. The beginnings of humanism and scholarship in France......Page 290
III. The Netherlands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries......Page 292
V. The origins ofpalaeography......Page 293
VI. Discoveries of texts since the Renaissance......Page 294
VII. Epilogue......Page 296
CHAPTER 6......Page 297
A: MANUSCRIPTS......Page 304
B: PAPYRI......Page 311
Abbreviations......Page 312
Armenian......Page 313
Campano......Page 314
Columbanus......Page 315
Eratosthenes......Page 316
Half-uncial......Page 317
Jovian......Page 318
Maniacutia......Page 319
Otranto......Page 320
Poelman, Theodore......Page 321
Scaliger. Joseph Justus......Page 322
Textual criticism......Page 323
Vinidarius......Page 324
NOTES TO THE PLATES......Page 326
PLATES\r......Page 331