Scientific photography and applied imaging

Cover
 Half Title
 Title
 Copyright
 Contents
 Preface
 Acknowledgements
 Abbreviations and symbols used in text
 1 Introduction
 1.1 Historical development
 1.2 Photography as a tool
 1.2.1 Scientific applications
 1.2.2 Spectral recording
 1.2.3 Optical techniques
 1.2.4 Photomacrography and photomicroscopy
 1.2.5 The study of motion and flow
 1.2.6 Photogrammetry
 References and further reading
 2 Limits of human visual perception
 2.1 Introduction
 2.2 Advantages of photography
 2.3 Photography as a tool
 References and further reading
 3 Experimental design
 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Planning3.3 The requirements for images
 3.4 Units and dimensions
 3.5 Working practices
 3.6 Safety
 3.7 Instrumentation
 3.8 Records and reports
 References and further reading
 4 Light and radiation sources
 4.1 Introduction
 4.2 Properties of a source
 4.2.1 Spectral output
 4.2.2 Colour temperature
 4.2.3 Directional properties
 4.2.4 Polarization
 4.2.5 Duration
 4.2.6 Operational factors
 4.3 Daylight
 4.4 Moonlight and starlight
 4.5 Tungsten filament sources
 4.6 Fluorescent lighting
 4.7 Discharge sources
 4.8 Luminescent sources
 4.9 Flash sources
 4.9.1 Expendable flashbulb 4.9.2 Argon bomb4.9.3 Spark sources
 4.9.4 Electronic flash
 4.9.5 Stroboscope
 4.9.6 Microflash unit
 4.9.7 Flash X-ray source
 4.10 Laser sources
 4.10.1 Lasers
 4.10.2 Types of laser
 4.10.3 Applications
 4.11 Radiation sources
 References and further reading
 5 Optics and lenses
 5.1 Photographic optics
 5.1.1 Optical theory
 5.1.2 Optical materials
 5.1.3 Reflection
 5.1.4 Refraction
 5.1.5 Transmission
 5.1.6 Dispersion
 5.2 Physical optics
 5.2.1 Interference
 5.2.2 Diffraction
 5.2.3 Modulation transfer function
 5.2.4 Polarization
 5.3 Geometrical optics
 5.3.1 Simple lens 5.3.2 Cardinal planes5.3.3 Focal length
 5.3.4 Image magnification
 5.3.5 Mirrors
 5.4 Optical calculations
 5.4.1 Parameters
 5.4.2 Equations
 5.4.3 Focusing movements
 5.4.4 Depth of field and depth of focus
 5.5 Photographic lenses
 5.6 Testing optical systems
 5.6.1 Introduction
 5.6.2 Laboratory testing
 5.6.3 Test target design and results
 5.6.4 Flare
 5.6.5 Image contrast
 5.7 Optical filters
 References and further reading
 6 Camera systems for data capture
 6.1 Introduction
 6.2 General purpose cameras
 6.3 Cine cameras
 6.4 Video cameras
 6.5 Instrumentation cameras 6.6 Special purpose cameras6.7 Polaroid cameras
 6.8 Scientific cameras
 6.8.1 Camera design
 6.8.2 The sensor array
 6.8.3 Other features
 6.9 Digital cameras
 6.10 Viewfinder systems
 6.11 Camera movements
 6.12 Data imprinting
 References and further reading
 7 Shutter systems
 7.1 Introduction
 7.2 Shutterless systems
 7.3 Electronic flash
 7.4 Leaf shutters
 7.5 Focal plane shutters
 7.6 Electronic shutters
 References and further reading
 8 Lighting
 8.1 Introduction
 8.1.1 General
 8.1.2 Illumination
 8.1.3 Lighting ratio
 8.1.4 Shadows
 8.2 Estimating lighting requirements