Science And Diplomacy: Negotiating Essential Alliances

Foreword......Page 6
Foreword......Page 9
Preface......Page 12
Acknowledgements......Page 14
Contents......Page 16
About the Author......Page 20
About the Contributors......Page 21
Contributors......Page 23
Part I: Perception and Misperception in Science Diplomacy......Page 24
Science Diplomacy in Time of Uncertainty......Page 25
COVID-19 Crisis and Sustainable Scientific Advices......Page 26
Organisation and Contents of the Book......Page 27
Concluding Remarks......Page 29
Negotiating a Cooperation Process......Page 30
Perception and Misperception in Crisis Situations......Page 31
The COVID-19 Crisis and Evidence-Informed Policymaking......Page 33
Cognitive Biases and Psychosocial Mechanisms......Page 34
Emotional Communication in Action......Page 36
Metacognitive Functions and Emotional Styles......Page 38
Adaptive Decision-Making......Page 40
Concluding Remarks......Page 41
Part II: Science Diplomacy: Negotiating a Joint Engagement......Page 44
Introduction......Page 45
Defining Science Diplomacy......Page 46
Science Diplomacy: History and Achievements......Page 48
Science Diplomacy as Soft Power Exercise......Page 55
Multilateral Science Diplomacy in Action......Page 58
Cooperative Advisory Mechanisms......Page 64
Introduction......Page 67
Science Diplomacy and the European Union: A Brief History......Page 68
Scientific Advice in the EU Institutions......Page 74
Responsible Research and Innovation......Page 76
The EU’s Strategy Under Commissioner Moedas......Page 79
The Cutting-Edge Year: An Insight on the EU’s Actions......Page 80
Introduction......Page 84
Brief History of Evidence-Based Policymaking......Page 86
Evidence-Informed Policymaking in the European Union......Page 87
The Relation Between the Scientist and the Diplomat: Recommendations......Page 88
Evidence-Informed Policymaking in Action......Page 89
Standardization vs. Experience-Based Approach......Page 90
Evidence-Informed Policymaking: Leading from the Shadow......Page 92
Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Practice......Page 94
Climate Change and Hydrometeorological Extreme Hazards......Page 97
Negotiating Global Agreements with Incomplete Evidence-Informed Policies......Page 98
Climate Change: Citizens’ Resilience and Well-Being......Page 100
Chapter 7: Evidence-Informed Policymaking: The Way Forward......Page 102
Concluding Remarks......Page 105
Part III: Biosecurity and Environmental Disaster: Adaptive Decision-Making in Time of Uncertainty......Page 107
Introduction......Page 108
Crisis Management......Page 109
Knowing How to Give a Feedback......Page 111
Risk Management......Page 112
Bioterrorism After September 11, 2001......Page 113
Potential Global Economic Impact of Agricultural Bioterrorism......Page 115
Environmental Disasters: A Major Challenge to Biosafety......Page 116
Hyogo Framework for Action......Page 118
Biosafety and Resilience Processes......Page 119
Introduction......Page 120
Main Operational Mechanisms in the EU Institutional Framework......Page 121
The European Agenda on Security......Page 122
Risk Assessment System in the EU......Page 123
A Brief History of the EU’s Comprehensive Approach......Page 124
The EU’s Green Paper on Bio-Preparedness......Page 125
Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Task Force......Page 126
European and International Projects on Risk Assessment and Crisis Management......Page 127
Stakeholders’ Training Strategy......Page 128
UNDP Global Risk Identification Program (GRIP)......Page 129
Risk Communication......Page 130
Implementing Biosafety and Biosecurity Preparedness in the EU......Page 131
Development and Resilience......Page 133
The Expected Impact on the European Society......Page 134
Concluding Remarks......Page 135
Part IV: Theory, Research, and Practice for Science Diplomacy: An Insight on the Cooperative Process......Page 137
Introduction......Page 138
Purpose of the Research......Page 139
Composition of the Sample and Research Procedure......Page 140
Descriptive Statistics......Page 141
Cluster Analysis......Page 147
Multidimensional Scaling......Page 154
Discussion......Page 156
Conclusions......Page 158
Introduction......Page 159
The EMPHASIS Project......Page 160
The Multi-actor Approach Within Horizon 2020......Page 161
Analytical Framework......Page 165
Decision-Making Surveys......Page 166
Call for Early Adopters......Page 167
HabiThreats Toolkit......Page 168
Use of EMPHASIS Scientific Evidence to the EU’s Policymaking......Page 169
Emphasis on Key Messages for Policymakers18......Page 172
Conclusions......Page 175
Appendix......Page 176
Introduction......Page 178
The First Misunderstanding: Special Inspections......Page 179
The Second Misunderstanding: The Significance of the North’s Abandonment of Graphite-Moderated, Gas-Cooled Reactors......Page 181
The Third Misunderstanding: The Cause of the Crisis in June, 1994......Page 183
The Fourth Misunderstanding: The Non-proliferation Benefits of the Deal......Page 185
Conclusions......Page 187
Introduction......Page 189
The Scientist and the Diplomat: Opposing Figures?......Page 190
Scientists and Diplomats’ Communication......Page 193
Cognitive and Emotional Processes in Interpersonal Negotiation......Page 194
Emotional Competence......Page 196
Conclusive Remarks......Page 198
Afterword......Page 201
References......Page 204
Index......Page 214