Science and Conservation in African Forests: The Benefits of Longterm Research

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 11
Foreword......Page 15
Preface......Page 21
Acknowledgments......Page 23
1 Why the link between long-term research and conservation is a case worth making......Page 25
AIMS......Page 26
THREATS TO THE TROPICAL FORESTS......Page 29
THE POSITIVE EFFECTS OF FIELD STATIONS......Page 31
REFERENCES......Page 32
INTRODUCTION......Page 33
RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT IN THE PROTECTED AREAS......Page 34
HOW HAVE WE USED RESEARCH INFORMATION WITHIN OUR PLANNING EFFORTS?......Page 36
SUMMARY......Page 38
INTRODUCTION......Page 39
RESEARCH IN SAVANNAS......Page 41
RESEARCH IN FORESTS......Page 43
WHERE RESEARCH HAS CHANGED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES......Page 44
Savanna research......Page 45
Forest research......Page 46
SUMMARY......Page 47
REFERENCES......Page 48
INTRODUCTION......Page 51
KIBALE NATIONAL PARK (KNP)......Page 52
CONSERVATION FROM RESEARCH......Page 53
Duikers and elephants in Kibale......Page 55
CONSERVATION LESSONS: AIDS TO EFFECTIVE PARK CONSERVATION......Page 57
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 60
REFERENCES......Page 61
INTRODUCTION......Page 62
The Kibale National Park......Page 63
Historic land use and land management policies......Page 64
Land cover change analysis......Page 65
Burned area change analysis......Page 67
RESULTS......Page 68
DISCUSSION......Page 71
SUMMARY......Page 72
REFERENCES......Page 73
INTRODUCTION......Page 75
DETERMINANTS OF RED COLOBUS ABUNDANCE......Page 77
RESTORATION OF A PLANT COMMUNITY CONDUCIVE TO PROMOTING RED COLOBUS ABUNDANCE......Page 79
DISCUSSION......Page 82
SUMMARY......Page 84
REFERENCES......Page 85
7 Long-term perspectives on forest conservation: lessons from research in Kibale National Park......Page 87
Response of primates to selective logging and forest fragmentation......Page 88
Response of birds to selective logging......Page 89
Response of small mammals to selective logging......Page 90
Response of other ungulates to selective logging......Page 91
Influence of selective logging on forest structure and composition......Page 92
EFFECTS OF FOREST FRAGMENTATION ON PLANT AND ANIMAL COMMUNITIES......Page 93
FOREST SUCCESSION IN KIBALE GRASSLANDS......Page 94
CROP-RAIDING......Page 95
SUMMARY......Page 96
REFERENCES......Page 97
8 Health and disease in the people, primates, and domestic animals of Kibale National Park: implications for conservation......Page 99
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 109
REFERENCES......Page 110
9 The importance of training national and international scientists for conservation research......Page 112
INCREASING THE SKILLS OF AFRICAN SCIENTISTS IN PUBLISHING AND PROPOSAL WRITING......Page 116
FOLLOW-UP SUPPORT: LIFE BEYOND THE FIELD STATION......Page 117
MEASURING IMPACT......Page 118
Long-term impact......Page 119
THE WAY FORWARD: HOW CAN LONG-TERM RESEARCH AND TRAINING CONTRIBUTE TO GREATER RESEARCH CAPACITY IN UGANDA?......Page 121
REFERENCES......Page 122
10 Community benefits from long-term research programs: a case study from Kibale National Park, Uganda......Page 123
BENEFITS TO INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH COMMUNITY......Page 124
BENEFITS FOR THE NATIONAL/UGANDAN COMMUNITY......Page 125
General economic benefits......Page 126
Benefits from specific research projects......Page 127
Expatriate-funded community projects......Page 128
The Kasiisi Project......Page 130
The Kibale Student Support Program......Page 132
LESSONS FROM THE KNP EXPERIENCE......Page 133
Long-term commitment pays off......Page 134
SUMMARY......Page 135
REFERENCES......Page 137
INTRODUCTION......Page 139
RESEARCH IN KIBALE......Page 140
THE ROLE OF RESEARCH IN DEVELOPING THE ECOTOURISM INDUSTRY IN KIBALE NATIONAL PARK......Page 142
ECOTOURISM IN KIBALE NATIONAL PARK......Page 143
Chimpanzee sightings......Page 147
Relations between long-term researchers and natural resources managers......Page 149
Threat of disease transmission between humans and primates......Page 150
SUMMARY......Page 151
REFERENCES......Page 152
12 The human landscape around the Island Park: impacts and responses to Kibale National Park......Page 153
PROJECT DESCRIPTION......Page 154
PARKS AND DEMOGRAPHY IN FOREST AND SAVANNA AREAS......Page 156
IMPACTS AND RESPONSES TO KIBALE NATIONAL PARK......Page 158
Hazards......Page 159
Attitudes to the park......Page 162
CONCLUSIONS: DEMOGRAPHY AND CONSERVATION......Page 164
SUMMARY......Page 165
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 166
REFERENCES......Page 167
ENDNOTE......Page 168
HISTORY OF CONSERVATION EFFORTS AT BUDONGO......Page 169
Snare removal......Page 172
Sustainable vermin control......Page 174
ONGOING AND FUTURE RESEARCH......Page 175
Cognitive studies......Page 176
CONCLUSION......Page 179
REFERENCES......Page 180
ORIGIN AND HISTORY......Page 182
Population changes, and threats to chimpanzees......Page 183
Protection from poaching......Page 184
Support for conservation......Page 185
Conservation within the research program at Gombe......Page 186
Community-centered conservation on a landscape scale: the TACARE model......Page 187
Agriculture......Page 188
Youth programs......Page 189
The TACARE model of community-centered conservation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo......Page 190
Youth Program: Roots & Shoots......Page 191
Giving knowledge, rather than equipment and technologies......Page 192
Emphasis on conservation from the start of the research......Page 193
SUMMARY......Page 194
REFERENCES......Page 195
CONSERVATION......Page 197
INTRODUCTION OF ECOTOURISM......Page 199
PREVALENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE......Page 200
RESTORING ECOTOURISM......Page 202
STATUS OF UNHABITUATED CHIMPANZEES IN AND AROUND MAHALE......Page 203
MAHALE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY......Page 204
REFERENCES......Page 206
INTRODUCTION......Page 208
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND......Page 209
HUMAN POACHING PRESSURE......Page 211
CONSERVATION THROUGH THE WILD CHIMPANZEE FOUNDATION......Page 213
The theater play......Page 214
Traditional knowledge and perception of the chimpanzees......Page 216
CHANGES BY THE THEATER PLAY IN THE REACTION TOWARDS THE CHIMPANZEES......Page 217
SUMMARY......Page 220
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 222
REFERENCES......Page 223
THE CHIMPANZEES OF BOSSOU......Page 225
GREEN CORRIDOR PROJECT......Page 228
Transplanting into the savanna......Page 230
ASSESSMENT OF PLANTING ACTIVITY......Page 231
HEXATUBES: A NEW WAY TO PROTECT THE YOUNG TREES......Page 233
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 234
REFERENCES......Page 235
BACKGROUND......Page 237
ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF MOUNTAIN GORILLAS......Page 239
TOURISM......Page 241
LONG-TERM MONITORING OF THE VIRUNGA GORILLAS......Page 244
SURVEILLANCE OF ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES......Page 245
ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN THE VIRUNGAS......Page 247
CAPACITY BUILDING......Page 248
SOCIOECONOMIC RESEARCH......Page 249
SUMMARY......Page 250
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 251
REFERENCES......Page 252
INTRODUCTION......Page 254
International cooperation in science, conservation, and the environment......Page 255
History and significance......Page 257
Relationship to research......Page 258
UNESCO’s relationship to GRASP......Page 260
World Heritage sites for great apes?......Page 261
World Heritage species?......Page 263
SUMMARY......Page 264
REFERENCES......Page 265
THE CONSERVATION IMPACTS OF LONG-TERM RESEARCH......Page 266
LONG-TERM RESEARCH AND THE FUTURE OF CONSERVATION......Page 268
Index......Page 270