Schizophrenic Psychology, New Research

SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY: NEW RESEARCH......Page 5
NOTICE TO THE READER......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 7
PREFACE......Page 9
ABSTRACT......Page 17
INTRODUCTION......Page 18
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTION......Page 19
Initiation......Page 20
Sustained Attention......Page 21
Switching and Flexibility......Page 22
Disinhibition......Page 23
Clinical Rating, Everyday Life Simulated Tests and Subjective Complaints......Page 24
Cluster Analysis......Page 27
Single-Case Study Design......Page 28
Convergent Evidence from a Trial of Cohort of Chronic Sample to Medication-Naïve Cases......Page 29
Executive Function and its Relationship to Clinical Symptoms......Page 34
Executive Function and its Relationship to Neuroanatomy......Page 38
Executive Function and its Relationship to Neurological Assessment......Page 41
REFERENCES......Page 42
INTRODUCTION......Page 57
IMPAIRMENT OF THOUGHT AND LANGUAGE IS A CORE FEATURE OF SCHIZOPHRENIA......Page 58
LANGUAGE ABNORMALITIES MAY PREDICT FUTURE ONSET OF SCHIZOPHRENIA......Page 59
TEMPORAL CORTEX PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN THOUGHTAND LANGUAGE DYSFUNCTION......Page 60
TEMPORAL LOBE ABNORMALITIES MAY PRECEDE THE ONSET OF SCHIZOPHRENIA......Page 61
TOWARD AN INTEGRATIVE MODEL......Page 65
REFERENCES......Page 66
PREVALENCE......Page 73
CLINICAL FEATURES, COURSE AND OUTCOME......Page 74
Special Considerations in the Treatment of Late-Onset Schizoaffective Disorder......Page 75
Drug Treatment......Page 78
DISCUSSION......Page 91
REFERENCES......Page 92
INTRODUCTION......Page 99
CASE PRESENTATIONS......Page 100
Prejudicial Autochthonous Visual Representation......Page 105
Prejudicial Autochthonous Visual Representation and Recovery from Schizophrenia......Page 106
Prejudicial Autochthonous Visual Representation and Illocutionary Forces......Page 108
REFERENCE......Page 112
ABSTRACT......Page 115
INTRODUCTION......Page 116
Procedures......Page 117
RESULTS......Page 119
DISCUSSION......Page 124
CONCLUSION......Page 125
REFERENCES......Page 126
ABSTRACT......Page 131
SUICIDE AMONG INPATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA......Page 135
AWARENESS OF ILLNESS......Page 136
SUICIDE ATTEMPTS......Page 138
STIGMATIZATION......Page 139
CONCLUSIONS......Page 141
REFERENCES......Page 143
1. DEFINING NEED......Page 149
3. WHY ASSESS THE NEEDS OF PEOPLE SUFFERING FROM SCHIZOPHRENIA?......Page 150
4. NEEDS ASSESSMENT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA......Page 151
5.1. Number of Needs......Page 153
5.2. Types of Needs......Page 154
5.3. Agreement between Staff and User......Page 156
5.4. Formal and Informal Help Received to Meet Needs......Page 157
5.5. Relation between Needs and Sociodemographical Variables......Page 158
5.6. Relation between Needs and Psychopathology......Page 160
5.7. Relation between Needs and Quality of Life......Page 161
REFERENCES......Page 162
Background......Page 167
INTRODUCTION......Page 168
Subjects......Page 170
Assessment Procedures......Page 171
b) Improvement of Symptoms During the Follow-Up......Page 172
c) Recovery Rates during the Follow-Up......Page 175
DISCUSSION......Page 176
REFERENCES......Page 178
ABSTRACT......Page 185
1.1. Source Memory and Psychopathology in Schizophrenia......Page 186
1.3. Attention and Working Memory......Page 188
1.4. Verbal and Visual Memory......Page 189
2. GOALS AND HYPOTHESES......Page 190
3.1. Participants......Page 191
3.2. Material......Page 192
3.3. Neuropsychological Tests......Page 195
4. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS......Page 196
5.1. Recognition......Page 198
5.2. Source Memory......Page 199
5.3. Source Memory and Psychopathology in Patients with Schizophrenia......Page 200
5.4. Subgroups of Patients with Schizophrenia......Page 201
5.6. Source Memory and Cognitive Functions......Page 205
5.7. Recognition......Page 206
5.8. Source Memory......Page 208
5.10. Subgroups of Patients with Schizophrenia......Page 209
5.11. Source Memory and Cognitive Functions......Page 213
6.1. Source Memory......Page 214
6.2. Source Memory and Psychopathology......Page 216
6.3. Source Memory and Cognitive Functions......Page 218
7. APPENDIX......Page 221
8. REFERENCES......Page 223
ABSTRACT......Page 227
1.1. Theory of Prepulse Inhibition (PPI)......Page 228
1.2. The Neuroanatomy of the Acoustic Startle Reflex (ASR) and Prepulse Inhibition......Page 230
1.3. Models of PPI Disruption and the Reversal of PPI Deficits by Antipsychotic Treatments in Animals......Page 231
2.1. Parameters that Could Contribute to PPI Variability......Page 234
2.2. Deficient Prepulse Inhibition - A Potential Marker for Schizophrenia......Page 236
3. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COGNITION AND PPI......Page 241
4.1. Dopaminergic Compounds......Page 242
4.3. Glutamatergic Compounds......Page 243
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 244
REFERENCES......Page 245
Objective......Page 255
INTRODUCTION......Page 256
Assessment Procedures......Page 258
RESULTS......Page 259
c) Symptoms as predictors of violent behavior in schizophrenia......Page 260
CONCLUSION......Page 263
REFERENCES......Page 265
INTRODUCTION......Page 271
ANALYSIS OF SEMANTIC STRUCTURE......Page 273
Study 1: Language and Culture......Page 275
Study 2: Age of Onset......Page 277
Study 3: Verbal Intelligence......Page 279
Study 4:A Factor of Psychiatric Symptoms......Page 280
Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs (AAPDs) in the Treatment of Schizophrenia......Page 282
AAPDs and Cognition......Page 283
5-HT1a Receptor as a Target for Cognitive Enhancement......Page 287
IDIOSYNCRATIC DEGRADATION IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA?......Page 288
CONCLUSION......Page 290
REFERENCES......Page 291
ABSTRACT......Page 297
INTRODUCTION......Page 298
ADDRESSING THE PSYCHOMETRIC CONFOUND......Page 300
General Procedures......Page 301
Study 1. Simulations of the Psychometric Confound......Page 303
Study 2. Simulations of the Standard Scores Procedure......Page 308
Study 3. Simulation of Demographic Norming Procedure......Page 310
Study 4. Simulation of Standardized Residual Scores Procedure......Page 311
DISCUSSION......Page 314
REFERENCES......Page 316
ABSTRACT......Page 319
Characteristics of Tobacco Consumption in Patients with Schizophrenia......Page 320
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease......Page 322
Effect of Tobacco Consumption on the Psychotic Symptoms......Page 323
IMPACT OF SMOKING ON ANTIPSYCHOTIC TREATMENTS......Page 324
Other Hypotheses......Page 325
THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS......Page 326
Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs......Page 327
REFERENCES......Page 328
ABSTRACT......Page 335
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 336
1.1. Blood Platelets and Serotonin......Page 337
Serotonin......Page 338
Serotonin Receptors and Functions......Page 339
Schizophrenia......Page 341
Serotonin and Schizophrenia......Page 342
Drug Treatment in Schizophrenia......Page 343
2.2. Drug Treatment and Study Design......Page 345
2.3. Determination of Platelet 5-HT Concentration......Page 346
2.4. Determination of Platelet MAO Activity and other Biochemical Analyses......Page 347
Platelet 5-HT Concentration in Schizophrenic Patients and Healthy Controls......Page 348
Platelet 5-HT Concentration in Schizophrenic Patients and Healthy Controls Divided According to their Season of Birth......Page 349
Platelet 5-HT Concentration in Healthy Controls, Schizophrenic Patients and their Healthy Relatives......Page 350
Platelet 5-HT Concentration in Paranoid and Non-Paranoid Schizophrenic Patients......Page 351
Platelet 5-HT Concentration in Schizophrenic Patients with Predominantly Positive and Negative Symptoms......Page 352
Plasma Cortisol Levels in Schizophrenic Patients with Predominantly Positive and Negative Symptoms......Page 355
Platelet 5-HT Concentration in Healthy Controls and Schizophrenic Patients with Different Time Course of Schizophrenia......Page 356
Platelet 5-HT Concentration in Schizophrenic Suppressors and Nonsuppressors with Different Time Course of Schizophrenia......Page 357
Plasma Cortisol Levels in Schizophrenic Patients with Different Time Courseof Schizophrenia......Page 358
Clinical Rating Scores (Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGIS), Clinical Global Impression for Severity of Suicidality (CGI-SS), or Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD)  Scores in Schizophrenic Patients before and after Treatment with Haloperidol or Olanzapine......Page 359
Peripheral Biochemical Markers (Platelet 5-HT Concentration, Platelet MAO Activity, Plasma Cholesterol) in Schizophrenic Patients afterTreatment with Haloperidol or Olanzapine......Page 361
Kinetic Constants Km and Vmax for Uptake of 14C-5-HT into Platelets of Healthy Controls, Drug Free or Medicated Schizophrenic Patients with Different Time Course......Page 363
Clinical Results of the Total and Subscale Scores in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) in Schizophrenic Patients before and after Treatment with Fluphenazine or Olanzapine......Page 366
Platelet 5-HT Concentration in Schizophrenic Patients and Healthy Controls......Page 369
Platelet MAO Activity in Schizophrenic Patients......Page 371
Plasma Cortisol Levels in Schizophrenic Patients......Page 373
Plasma Prolactin Levels in Schizophrenic Patients......Page 374
Serum Lipid Levels in Schizophrenic Patients......Page 375
Clinical Rating Scores and Peripheral Biological Markers in Schizophrenic Patients Treated with Haloperidol or Olanzapine......Page 376
Clinical Rating Scores and Peripheral Biological Markers in Schizophrenic Patients Treated with Fluphenazine or Olanzapine......Page 377
CONCLUSION......Page 378
REFERENCES......Page 379
INDEX......Page 387