Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Electric Circuits

Copyright......Page 3
CONTENTS......Page 7
1.2 FORCE, WORK, AND POWER......Page 13
1.3 ELECTRIC CHARGE AND CURRENT......Page 14
1.4 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL......Page 15
1.6 CONSTANT AND VARIABLE FUNCTIONS......Page 16
2.1 PASSIVE AND ACTIVE ELEMENTS......Page 19
2.2 SIGN CONVENTIONS......Page 20
2.3 VOLTAGE-CURRENT RELATIONS......Page 21
2.4 RESISTANCE......Page 22
2.5 INDUCTANCE......Page 23
2.7 CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS......Page 24
2.8 NONLINEAR RESISTORS......Page 25
3.2 KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW......Page 36
3.4 CIRCUIT ELEMENTS IN SERIES......Page 37
3.5 CIRCUIT ELEMENTS IN PARALLEL......Page 38
3.7 CURRENT DIVISION......Page 40
4.1 THE BRANCH CURRENT METHOD......Page 49
4.3 MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS......Page 50
4.4 THE NODE VOLTAGE METHOD......Page 52
4.5 INPUT AND OUTPUT RESISTANCES......Page 53
4.7 NETWORK REDUCTION......Page 54
4.8 SUPERPOSITION......Page 56
4.9 THEVENIN’S AND NORTON’S THEOREMS......Page 57
4.10 MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEOREM......Page 59
5.1 AMPLIFIER MODEL......Page 76
5.2 FEEDBACK IN AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS......Page 77
5.3 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS......Page 78
5.4 ANALYSIS OF CIRCUITS CONTAINING IDEAL OP AMPS......Page 82
5.6 SUMMING CIRCUIT......Page 83
5.7 NONINVERTING CIRCUIT......Page 84
5.8 VOLTAGE FOLLOWER......Page 86
5.9 DIFFERENTIAL AND DIFFERENCE AMPLIFIERS......Page 87
5.10 CIRCUITS CONTAINING SEVERAL OP AMPS......Page 88
5.11 INTEGRATOR AND DIFFERENTIATOR CIRCUITS......Page 89
5.12 ANALOG COMPUTERS......Page 92
5.13 LOW-PASS FILTER......Page 93
5.14 COMPARATOR......Page 94
6.2 PERIODIC FUNCTIONS......Page 113
6.4 TIME SHIFT AND PHASE SHIFT......Page 115
6.5 COMBINATIONS OF PERIODIC FUNCTIONS......Page 118
6.6 THE AVERAGE AND EFFECTIVE (RMS) VALUES......Page 119
6.7 NONPERIODIC FUNCTIONS......Page 120
6.8 THE UNIT STEP FUNCTION......Page 121
6.9 THE UNIT IMPULSE FUNCTION......Page 122
6.10 THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION......Page 124
6.11 DAMPED SINUSOIDS......Page 126
6.12 RANDOM SIGNALS......Page 127
7.2 CAPACITOR DISCHARGE IN A RESISTOR......Page 139
7.3 ESTABLISHING A DC VOLTAGE ACROSS A CAPACITOR......Page 141
7.4 THE SOURCE-FREE RL CIRCUIT......Page 142
7.6 THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION REVISITED......Page 144
7.7 COMPLEX FIRST-ORDER RL AND RC CIRCUITS......Page 146
7.9 TRANSITIONS AT SWITCHING TIME......Page 148
7.10 RESPONSE OF FIRST-ORDER CIRCUITS TO A PULSE......Page 151
7.11 IMPULSE RESPONSE OF RC AND RL CIRCUITS......Page 152
7.13 RESPONSE OF RC AND RL CIRCUITS TO SUDDEN EXPONENTIAL EXCITATIONS......Page 153
7.16 FIRST-ORDER ACTIVE CIRCUITS......Page 155
8.2 SERIES RLC CIRCUIT......Page 173
8.3 PARALLEL RLC CIRCUIT......Page 176
8.4 TWO-MESH CIRCUIT......Page 179
8.5 COMPLEX FREQUENCY......Page 180
8.6 GENERALIZED IMPEDANCE (R; L; C ) IN s-DOMAIN......Page 181
8.7 NETWORK FUNCTION AND POLE-ZERO PLOTS......Page 182
8.8 THE FORCED RESPONSE......Page 184
8.9 THE NATURAL RESPONSE......Page 185
8.10 MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY SCALING......Page 186
8.11 HIGHER-ORDER ACTIVE CIRCUITS......Page 187
9.2 ELEMENT RESPONSES......Page 203
9.3 PHASORS......Page 206
9.4 IMPEDANCE AND ADMITTANCE......Page 208
9.6 THE MESH CURRENT METHOD......Page 210
9.8 THEVENIN’S AND NORTON’S THEOREMS......Page 213
9.9 SUPERPOSITION OF AC SOURCES......Page 214
10.1 POWER IN THE TIME DOMAIN......Page 231
10.2 POWER IN SINUSOIDAL STEADY STATE......Page 232
10.3 AVERAGE OR REAL POWER......Page 233
10.5 SUMMARY OF AC POWER IN R, L, AND C......Page 235
10.6 EXCHANGE OF ENERGY BETWEEN AN INDUCTOR AND A CAPACITOR......Page 236
10.7 COMPLEX POWER, APPARENT POWER, AND POWER TRIANGLE......Page 238
10.8 PARALLEL-CONNECTED NETWORKS......Page 242
10.9 POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT......Page 243
10.10 MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER......Page 245
10.11 SUPERPOSITION OF AVERAGE POWERS......Page 246
11.2 TWO-PHASE SYSTEMS......Page 260
11.3 THREE-PHASE SYSTEMS......Page 261
11.5 PHASOR VOLTAGES......Page 263
11.6 BALANCED DELTA-CONNECTED LOAD......Page 264
11.7 BALANCED FOUR-WIRE, WYE-CONNECTED LOAD......Page 265
11.8 EQUIVALENT Y- AND -CONNECTIONS......Page 266
11.10 UNBALANCED DELTA-CONNECTED LOAD......Page 267
11.11 UNBALANCED WYE-CONNECTED LOAD......Page 268
11.12 THREE-PHASE POWER......Page 270
11.13 POWER MEASUREMENT AND THE TWO-WATTMETER METHOD......Page 271
12.1 FREQUENCY RESPONSE......Page 285
12.2 HIGH-PASS AND LOW-PASS NETWORKS......Page 286
12.4 GENERALIZED TWO-PORT, TWO-ELEMENT NETWORKS......Page 290
12.5 THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE AND NETWORK FUNCTIONS......Page 291
12.7 IDEAL AND PRACTICAL FILTERS......Page 292
12.8 PASSIVE AND ACTIVE FILTERS......Page 294
12.9 BANDPASS FILTERS AND RESONANCE......Page 295
12.11 RLC SERIES CIRCUIT; SERIES RESONANCE......Page 296
12.12 QUALITY FACTOR......Page 298
12.13 RLC PARALLEL CIRCUIT; PARALLEL RESONANCE......Page 299
12.14 PRACTICAL LC PARALLEL CIRCUIT......Page 300
12.15 SERIES-PARALLEL CONVERSIONS......Page 301
12.16 LOCUS DIAGRAMS......Page 302
12.17 SCALING THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF FILTERS......Page 304
13.2 Z -PARAMETERS......Page 322
13.4 Y-PARAMETERS......Page 324
13.6 APPLICATION OF TERMINAL CHARACTERISTICS......Page 326
13.7 CONVERSION BETWEEN Z- AND Y-PARAMETERS......Page 327
13.8 h-PARAMETERS......Page 328
13.10 TRANSMISSION PARAMETERS......Page 329
13.11 INTERCONNECTING TWO-PORT NETWORKS......Page 330
13.13 SUMMARY OF TERMINAL PARAMETERS AND CONVERSION......Page 332
14.1 MUTUAL INDUCTANCE......Page 346
14.2 COUPLING COEFFICIENT......Page 347
14.3 ANALYSIS OF COUPLED COILS......Page 348
14.5 ENERGY IN A PAIR OF COUPLED COILS......Page 350
14.6 CONDUCTIVELY COUPLED EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS......Page 351
14.7 LINEAR TRANSFORMER......Page 352
14.8 IDEAL TRANSFORMER......Page 354
14.9 AUTOTRANSFORMER......Page 355
14.10 REFLECTED IMPEDANCE......Page 356
15.2 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION......Page 374
15.3 DISSECTING A SPICE SOURCE FILE......Page 375
15.4 DATA STATEMENTS AND DC ANALYSIS......Page 376
15.5 CONTROL AND OUTPUT STATEMENTS IN DC ANALYSIS......Page 379
15.7 OP AMP CIRCUITS......Page 382
15.8 AC STEADY STATE AND FREQUENCY RESPONSE......Page 385
15.10 MODELING DEVICES WITH VARYING PARAMETERS......Page 387
15.11 TIME RESPONSE AND TRANSIENT ANALYSIS......Page 390
15.12 SPECIFYING OTHER TYPES OF SOURCES......Page 391
15.13 SUMMARY......Page 394
16.2 THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM......Page 410
16.3 SELECTED LAPLACE TRANSFORMS......Page 411
16.5 INITIAL-VALUE AND FINAL-VALUE THEOREMS......Page 413
16.6 PARTIAL-FRACTIONS EXPANSIONS......Page 414
16.7 CIRCUITS IN THE s-DOMAIN......Page 416
16.8 THE NETWORK FUNCTION AND LAPLACE TRANSFORMS......Page 417
17.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 432
17.2 TRIGONOMETRIC FOURIER SERIES......Page 433
17.3 EXPONENTIAL FOURIER SERIES......Page 434
17.4 WAVEFORM SYMMETRY......Page 435
17.5 LINE SPECTRUM......Page 437
17.6 WAVEFORM SYNTHESIS......Page 438
17.7 EFFECTIVE VALUES AND POWER......Page 439
17.8 APPLICATIONS IN CIRCUIT ANALYSIS......Page 440
17.9 FOURIER TRANSFORM OF NONPERIODIC WAVEFORMS......Page 442
17.11 CONTINUOUS SPECTRUM......Page 444
A2 COMPLEX PLANE......Page 463
A6 MULTIPLICATION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS......Page 464
A8 CONJUGATE OF A COMPLEX NUMBER......Page 465
B2 TYPES OF MATRICES......Page 467
B3 MATRIX ARITHMETIC......Page 468
B4 DETERMINANT OF A SQUARE MATRIX......Page 470
B5 EIGENVALUES OF A SQUARE MATRIX......Page 472
INDEX......Page 473