Satellite Navigation Systems and Technologies

Series Editor’s Preface
Preface
Contents
About the Authors
1 Introduction
	1.1 Evolution of Navigation Technology
	1.2 Function and Application of Satellite Navigation
	1.3 Fundamentals of Satellite Navigation
		1.3.1 Measurement Method
		1.3.2 Positioning Principle
		1.3.3 Multiple-Access Technology
	1.4 Time-Frequency Reference
		1.4.1 International Atomic Time
		1.4.2 Coordinated Universal Time
		1.4.3 Time Reference of Navigation Satellite System
	1.5 Spatial Coordinate System
		1.5.1 Overview of Coordinate System
		1.5.2 Geocentric Celestial Reference System (GCRS)
		1.5.3 Earth-Fixed Coordinate System
		1.5.4 Transformation Between Coordinate Systems
	1.6 Time Reference and Coordinates of Navigation Satellite
		1.6.1 Offset Between Satellite Time and System Time
		1.6.2 Ephemeris Parameters
		1.6.3 GNSS Precise Orbit Determination and Time Synchronization
	1.7 Functional Composition of Satellite Navigation System
		1.7.1 Ground Segment
		1.7.2 Space Segment
		1.7.3 User Terminal
	1.8 System Service Performance Standard
		1.8.1 Definitions of Standard Indicators
		1.8.2 Relationships Among Service Reliability Indicators
		1.8.3 BDS Service Standard
2 Overview of Navigation Satellite Systems
	2.1 USA GPS
	2.2 Russian GLONASS
	2.3 EU Galileo
	2.4 Japanese QZSS
	2.5 Indian NAVIC
	2.6 BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)
		2.6.1 BDS-1 System
		2.6.2 BDS-2 System
		2.6.3 BDS-3 System
		2.6.4 BDS-3 Satellite
3 Satellite Navigation Uplink and Reception Technology
	3.1 Function and Design of Satellite Navigation Uplink
		3.1.1 Function of Uplink
		3.1.2 General Design of Uplink
		3.1.3 Design of Uplink Payload in BDS Satellite
	3.2 Satellite-Ground Time Synchronization Technology
		3.2.1 Radio-Based One-Way Satellite-Ground Time Synchronization Technology
		3.2.2 Radio-Based Two-Way Satellite-Ground Time Synchronization Technology
		3.2.3 Laser-Based Satellite-Ground Time Synchronization Technology
		3.2.4 Inverse Positioning Method
		3.2.5 Pseudorange and Radar Ranging Method
	3.3 Uploaded Information and Uploading Strategy of BDS
		3.3.1 Collection of Basic Navigation Information
		3.3.2 Types of Basic Navigation Information for Upload
		3.3.3 Navigation Information Uploading and Activating Strategy
	3.4 BDS Satellite Uplink Reception Technology
		3.4.1 Uplink Signal Conditioning
		3.4.2 Uplink Baseband Processing
		3.4.3 Upload Data Demodulation
		3.4.4 Pseudorange Measurement
		3.4.5 Doppler Measurement
		3.4.6 Monitoring of Null-Value Self-closed Loop
	3.5 Anti-interference Design of BDS Satellite Receiver
		3.5.1 Analysis of Interference Effects on Uplink Signals
		3.5.2 Anti-interference Design of Spaceborne Receiver
4 Satellite Navigation Broadcasting Link Technology
	4.1 Overview of Satellite Navigation Broadcasting Link
		4.1.1 GPS Signal Structure
		4.1.2 Galileo Signal Structure
		4.1.3 GLONASS Signal Structure
		4.1.4 BDS Signal Structure
	4.2 Design of Navigation Signal Structure
		4.2.1 Frequency Band
		4.2.2 PRN Code
		4.2.3 Message Rate and Encoding
		4.2.4 Modulation Waveform
		4.2.5 Constant Envelope Multiplexing Method
		4.2.6 Navigation Signal Compatibility Design
	4.3 Design of Navigation Signal Messages
		4.3.1 Development History of GNSS Navigation Message
		4.3.2 Design of Fixed frame Navigation Message
		4.3.3 Design of Data Block Navigation Message
		4.3.4 Other Improved Navigation Message Designs
5 Satellite Navigation Inter-satellite Link Technology
	5.1 Overview of Inter-satellite Link Technology
		5.1.1 History of Inter-satellite Link
		5.1.2 Application Requirements for Inter-satellite Links in Navigation Satellite
		5.1.3 Functional Composition of Inter-satellite Links
	5.2 Frequency Selection and Signal Design of Inter-satellite Link
		5.2.1 Frequency Selection
		5.2.2 Inter-satellite Link Signal Design
	5.3 Network Topology and Routing of Inter-satellite Link
		5.3.1 Constrains of Inter-satellite Topology and Routing Design
		5.3.2 Analysis of Geometric Characteristics in Inter-satellite Measurements
		5.3.3 Analysis of Data Communication Linking Characteristics
		5.3.4 Typical Network Topology Routing Design
	5.4 Implementation of Inter-satellite Link
		5.4.1 Construction of Inter-satellite Link
		5.4.2 Inter-satellite Ranging
		5.4.3 Inter-satellite Network Protocol
		5.4.4 Inter-satellite Operation Management
	5.5 Inter-satellite Link of BDS-3
		5.5.1 Constellation and Satellite Configuration
		5.5.2 Inter-satellite Link Performance
		5.5.3 Prospect for Application
6 Time-Frequency System for Satellite Navigation
	6.1 Overview of Time-Frequency System
		6.1.1 Composition and Function of Time-Frequency System
		6.1.2 System Time Generation and Tracing
		6.1.3 Time Transfer
		6.1.4 Time-Frequency System Monitoring and Forecasting
	6.2 Spaceborne Time-Frequency System
		6.2.1 Composition and Function of Spaceborne Time-Frequency System
		6.2.2 Time-Frequency System in BDS Satellite
		6.2.3 Management of Spaceborne Clock Group
	6.3 Atomic Clock Technology
		6.3.1 Development of Atomic Clock
		6.3.2 Principle of Atomic Clock
		6.3.3 Classification of Atomic Clocks
		6.3.4 Spaceborne Atomic Clock Technology
7 Generation and Assessment of Navigation Signal
	7.1 Navigation Signal Broadcasting Technology
		7.1.1 Signal-Generating Payload
		7.1.2 Nonideal Characteristics of Broadcasting Channel
		7.1.3 Pre-distortion Technique
		7.1.4 Influence of the Antenna on Navigation Signal
	7.2 Navigation Signal Assessment
		7.2.1 Influence Factors of Navigation Signal Quality
		7.2.2 Process of Navigation Signal Assessment
		7.2.3 Preprocessing of Evaluated Signal
	7.3 Parameters and Methods of Navigation Signal Assessment
		7.3.1 Power Spectrum Distortion
		7.3.2 Inter-frequency Signal Phase Inconsistency
		7.3.3 Pilot and Data Signal Phase Inconsistency
		7.3.4 Deviation of Effective Power Rate of Signal Component
		7.3.5 Correlation Loss
		7.3.6 Zero-Crossing Deviation of S-Curve
		7.3.7 Zero-Crossing Slope Deviation of S-Curve
		7.3.8 Distortion of Baseband Waveform
		7.3.9 Coherence Between Carrier and Pseudorandom Code
		7.3.10 Deviation of Signal Phase
8 Satellite Navigation Information Management
	8.1 Overview of Satellite Navigation Information
		8.1.1 Information Contents in the Space Segment and Ground Segment
		8.1.2 Internal Information Contents of Satellites in the Space Segment
		8.1.3 Internal Information Contents in the Ground Segment
		8.1.4 Information Contents of Channel Interaction Support
	8.2 Transmission Channels and Classification of Satellite Information
		8.2.1 Satellite Information Transmission Channel
		8.2.2 Classification of Satellite Information
	8.3 Satellite Information Management and System Architecture
		8.3.1 Concepts and Definitions
		8.3.2 Technology Elements of Information Management
		8.3.3 Information System Architecture
	8.4 Strategy and Evaluation Technique of Satellite Information Management
		8.4.1 Information Flow
		8.4.2 Information Usability Management
		8.4.3 Integrated Information Management
		8.4.4 Functions and Performance of Information Flow
	8.5 Satellite Message Management Technology
		8.5.1 Classification of Satellite Message Information
		8.5.2 Message Reception and Processing
		8.5.3 Message Format
		8.5.4 Main Points of Satellite Message Management
9 Autonomous Operation Technology of Navigation Satellites
	9.1 Autonomous Navigation Technique
		9.1.1 Introduction of Autonomous Navigation
		9.1.2 Principle of Autonomous Navigation
		9.1.3 Design of Autonomous Navigation
		9.1.4 Autonomous Navigation Accuracy Analysis and Simulation Demonstration
	9.2 Autonomous Health Management of Navigation Satellites
		9.2.1 Concept of Autonomous Health Management
		9.2.2 Objectives and Workflow of Autonomous Health Management
		9.2.3 Framework of Autonomous Health Management
		9.2.4 Fault Diagnosis Algorithm
		9.2.5 Methods of Recovery and Reconfiguration
		9.2.6 Autonomous Health Management of BDS Platform
	9.3 Navigation Satellite Autonomous Integrity Monitoring
		9.3.1 Integrity Monitoring Demands and Methods
		9.3.2 Analysis of Navigation Satellite Integrity Anomaly Events
		9.3.3 Principle of SAIM
		9.3.4 Methods of SAIM
10 Development and Prospect of Satellite Navigation Technology
	10.1 Development Trend of Satellite Navigation System
	10.2 Development Trend of Satellite Navigation Technologies
		10.2.1 New Navigation Signal Structure
		10.2.2 Spaceborne Cold Atomic Clock Technology
		10.2.3 MEO/HEO and Deep-Space Satellite Navigation Technology
		10.2.4 Long-Term Operation Technology of Autonomous Constellation
		10.2.5 Advanced Inter-satellite Link Technology
		10.2.6 X-Ray Pulsar Navigation Application Technology
		10.2.7 LEO Satellite Navigation Augmentation Technology
		10.2.8 Multisource Information Fusion Navigation Technology
		10.2.9 Autonomous Health Management Technology of Navigation Satellite
	10.3 Development Conception of BDS
References