Sanders’ Paramedic Textbook Includes Navigate 2 Essentials Access

Cover
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
About the Author and Contributors
Acknowledgments
1 EMS Systems: Roles, Responsibilities, and Professionalism
EMS System Development
Current Medical Services Systems
EMS Education
EMS Personnel Levels
National EMS Group Involvement
Licensure, Certification, Registration, and Credentialing
Professionalism
Roles and Responsibilities of the Paramedic
Medical Oversight of EMS
Improving System Quality
Patient Safety
2 Well-Being of the Paramedic
Wellness Components
Stress
Dealing With Death, Dying, Grief, and Loss
3 Injury Prevention, Health Promotion, and Public Health
Injury Epidemiology
Overview of Prevention
Basic Principles of Public Health
EMS Involvement in Public Health
Participation in Prevention Programs
4 Documentation
Importance of Documentation
General Considerations
The Narrative
Elements of a Properly Written EMS Document
Systems of Narrative Writing
Billing Considerations
Special Considerations in Documentation
Document Revision and Correction
Consequences of Inappropriate Documentation
5 EMS Communications
Communications Systems
Land Mobile Radio Systems Technologies
Modes of Radio Transmission
Trunked Radio Systems
Satellite Receivers and Terminals
Cell Phones
Digital Modes
Computer Technologies
Phases of Communications During a Typical EMS Event
Role of Communications in EMS
Components and Functions of Dispatch Communications Systems
Procedures for EMS Communications
6 Medical and Legal Issues
Legal Duties and Ethical Responsibilities
The United States Legal System
Legal Accountability of the Paramedic
Paramedic–Patient Relationships
Resuscitation Issues
Crime Scene Responsibilities
Documentation
7 Ethics
Ethics Overview
Ethical Tests in Health Care
Rapid Approach to Ethical Problems in an Emergency
Resolving Ethical Dilemmas
Patient Advocacy and Paramedic Accountability
Ethical Leadership in Paramedicine
8 Research Principles and Evidence-Based Practice
EMS Research
Basic Principles of Research
Evidence-Based Practice
9 Medical Terminology
The Language of Medicine
Word Parts: The Building Blocks of Medical Terminology
Plural Forms of Medical Terms
Medical Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols
Pronunciation of Medical Terms
10 Review of Human Systems
Anatomy Overview
Terminology
Cell Structure
Body Tissues
Organ Systems
Special Senses
11 General Principles of Pathophysiology
Cellular Physiology: Basic Cellular Review
Alterations in Cells and Tissues: Injury and Disease
Hypoperfusion and Shock
Self-Defense Mechanisms
Variances in Immunity and Inflammation
Stress and Disease
Genetics and Familial Diseases
12 Life Span Development
Newborn
Toddler and Preschool Years
School-Age Years
Adolescence
Early Adulthood
Middle Adulthood
Late Adulthood
Advanced Old Age
13 Principles of Pharmacology and Emergency Medications
Historical Trends in Pharmacology
General Properties of Drugs
Drug Interactions
Drug Forms, Preparations, and Storage
Drug Profiles and Special Considerations in Drug Therapy
Drugs That Affect the Nervous System
Drugs That Affect the Cardiovascular System
Drugs That Affect the Blood
Drugs That Affect the Respiratory System
Drugs That Affect the Gastrointestinal System
Drugs That Affect the Eye and Ear
Drugs That Affect the Endocrine System
Drugs That Affect the Reproductive System
Drugs Used in Neoplastic Diseases
Drugs Used in Infectious Disease and Inflammation
Drugs That Affect the Immunologic System
14 Medication Administration
Mathematical Equivalents Used in Pharmacology
Drug Calculations
Drug Administration
Medical Asepsis
Standard Precautions in Medication Administration
Enteral Administration of Medications
Parenteral Administration of Medications
Transmucosal Medication Administration
Administration of Transdermal Medications
Administration of Inhaled Drugs
Administration of Endotracheal Drugs
Special Considerations for Pediatric Patients
Obtaining a Blood Sample
Disposal of Contaminated Items and Sharps
15 Airway Management, Respiration, and Artificial Ventilation
The Airway: Anatomy
Respiratory Physiology: Mechanics of Respiration
Measurement of Gases
Pulmonary Circulation
Regulation of Respiration
Respiratory Pathophysiology
Upper Airway Obstruction
Aspiration Below the Glottis
Essential Parameters of Airway Evaluation: Ventilation
Supplemental Oxygen Therapy
Augmenting Patient Ventilations
Rescue Breathing and Mechanical Ventilation
Airway Management
Suction
Mechanical Adjuncts in Airway Management
Advanced Airway Procedures
Pharmacologic Adjuncts to Airway Management and Ventilation
Needle Cricothyrotomy
Surgical Cricothyrotomy
16 Therapeutic Communications
Communication
Internal Factors in Effective Communication
External Factors in Effective Communication
Patient Interview
Strategies for Obtaining Information
Methods of Assessing Mental Status During the Interview
Special Interview Situations
17 History Taking
Components of the Patient History
Content of the Patient History
Techniques of History Taking
Current Health Status
Getting More Information
Clinical Reasoning
Special Challenges
18 Scene Size-up and Primary Assessment
Scene Size-up
Scene Safety
Evaluation of the Scene
Scene Management
Patient Assessment Priorities
Identifying Patients Who Need Priority Care and Transport
19 Secondary Assessment and Reassessment
Secondary Assessment: Approach and Overview
Mental Status
General Survey
Anatomic Regions
Physical Examination of Infants and Children
Physical Examination of Older Adults
20 Assessment-Based Management and Clinical Decision Making
Effective Assessment
Crew Resource Management
The “Right Stuff”
Specialty “Take-In” Equipment
General Approach to the Patient
The Spectrum of Prehospital Care
Clinical Decision Making for Paramedics
Fundamental Elements of Critical Thinking for Paramedics
Field Application of Assessment-Based Patient Management
Putting It All Together: The Six Rs
Presenting the Patient
21 Cardiology
Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies for Cardiovascular Disease
Anatomy Review of the Heart
Physiology of the Heart
Electrophysiology of the Heart
Basic Concepts of Electrocardiogram Monitoring
Relationship of the ECG to Electrical Activity
ECG Interpretation: Steps in Rhythm Analysis
Introduction to Dysrhythmias and Their Classifications
Dysrhythmias Originating in the SA Node
Dysrhythmias Originating in the Atria
Dysrhythmias Sustained or Originating in the AV Junction
Dysrhythmias Originating in the Ventricles
Disorders of Conduction
Twelve-Lead ECG Monitoring
Twelve-Lead ECG and Bundle Branch Blocks
Determination of the Axis
Axis and Hemiblocks
Twelve-Lead Strategies for Wide-Complex Tachycardias
ST-Segment and T-Wave Changes
Use of a 12-Lead ECG to Assess Infarcts
Right-Sided and Posterior ECGs
Assessment of the Patient With Cardiac Disease
Pathophysiology and Management of Cardiovascular Disease
Specific Heart Diseases
Cardiomyopathy
Techniques for Managing Cardiac Emergencies
Defibrillation
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators
Wearable Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices
Synchronized Cardioversion
Transcutaneous Cardiac Pacing
Cardiac Arrest and Sudden Cardiac Death
Termination of Resuscitation
22 Diseases of the Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat
Conditions of the Eye
Conditions of the Ear
Conditions of the Nose
Conditions of the Oropharynx and Throat
23 Respiratory
Anatomy and Physiology Review
Pathophysiology
Assessment Findings
Diagnostic Testing
Obstructive Airway Disease
Pneumonia
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Pulmonary Embolism
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Hyperventilation Syndrome
Lung Cancer
Respiratory Failure
24 Neurology
Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System
Neurologic Pathophysiology
Neurologic Evaluation
Pathophysiology and Management of Specific CNS Disorders
25 Endocrinology
Anatomy and Physiology of the Endocrine System
Disorders of the Pancreas: Diabetes Mellitus
Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
Disorders of the Adrenal Glands
26 Immune System Disorders
Overview of the Immune System
Immune Response
Allergic Reactions
Anaphylaxis
Collagen Vascular Disease
Transplantation Complications
27 Infectious and Communicable Diseases
Public Health Principles Related to Infectious Diseases
Pathophysiology of Infectious Disease
Physiology of the Human Response to Infection
Stages of Infectious Disease
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Hepatitis
Tuberculosis
Bacterial Meningitis
Bacterial Endocarditis
Pneumonia
Rabies
Hantavirus
Mosquito-Borne Illness
Antibiotic-Resistant Infections
Infectious Diseases of Childhood
Other Important Infectious Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Lice and Scabies
Reporting an Exposure to an Infectious or a Communicable Disease
The Paramedic’s Role in Preventing Disease Transmission
28 Abdominal and Gastrointestinal Disorders
Review of Gastrointestinal Anatomy
Assessment of the Patient With Acute Abdominal Pain
Management of the Patient With an Abdominal Emergency
Specific Abdominal Emergencies
Age-Related Variations in Abdominal Pain
29 Genitourinary and Renal Disorders
Anatomy and Physiology Review
Renal Diseases
Urinary System Conditions
Male Genital Tract Conditions
Physical Examination of Patients with Genitourinary or Renal Disorders
30 Gynecology
Organs of the Female Reproductive System
Menstruation and Ovulation
Gynecologic Emergencies
Assessment and Management of Gynecologic Emergencies
Sexual Assault
31 Hematology
Blood and Blood Components
Hemostasis
Specific Hematologic Disorders
General Assessment and Management of Patients With Hematologic Disorders
32 Nontraumatic Musculoskeletal Disorders
Anatomy and Physiology Review
General Assessment Strategies
General Management Strategies
Osteomyelitis
Bone Tumors
Low Back Pain
Joint Disorders
Muscle Disorders
Overuse Syndromes
Peripheral Nerve Syndromes
Soft-Tissue Infections
33 Toxicology
Poisoning
Poison Control Centers
Management Principles for Toxic Syndromes
Guidelines for Managing a Poisoned Patient
Poisoning by Ingestion
Poisoning by Inhalation
Poisoning by Injection
Poisoning by Absorption
Drugs of Abuse
Alcohol Use Disorder
34 Behavioral and Psychiatric Disorders
Understanding Behavioral Emergencies
Assessment and Management of Behavioral Emergencies
Specific Behavioral and Psychiatric Disorders
Special Considerations for Patients With Behavioral Problems
35 Shock
Shock
Oxygen Delivery to the Tissues
The Body as a Container
Capillary–Cellular Relationship in Shock
Classifications of Shock
Progression of Shock
Assessment and Management of the Patient in Shock
Resuscitation
Management of Specific Forms of Shock
Integration of Patient Assessment and the Treatment Plan
36 Trauma Overview and Mechanism of Injury
Epidemiology of Trauma
Kinematics
Blunt Trauma
Restraints
Organ Injuries From Crashes
Other Motorized Vehicular Crashes
Pedestrian Injuries
Other Causes of Blunt Trauma
Penetrating Trauma
Trauma Assessment
Role of Documentation in Trauma
37 Bleeding and Soft-Tissue Trauma
Hemorrhage
Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology and Assessment of Soft-Tissue Injuries
Management Principles for Soft-Tissue Injuries
Hemorrhage and Control of Bleeding
Dressing Materials Used With Soft-Tissue Trauma
Management of Specific Soft-Tissue Injuries Not Requiring Closure
Special Considerations for Soft-Tissue Injuries
38 Burns
Incidence and Patterns of Burn Injury
Classifications of Burn Injury
Pathophysiology of Burn Shock
Assessment of the Burn Patient
General Principles in Burn Management
Inhalation Burn Injuries
Chemical Burn Injuries
Electrical Burn Injuries
Radiation Exposure
39 Head, Face, Neck, and Spine Trauma
Maxillofacial Injuries
Ear, Eye, and Dental Trauma
Anterior Neck Trauma
Head Trauma
Traumatic Brain Injury
Injury Rating Systems
40 Spine and Nervous System Trauma
Spinal Trauma: Incidence, Morbidity, and Mortality
Review of Spinal Anatomy
Mechanisms of Spinal Injury
Classifications of Spinal Injury
Spinal Assessment Criteria
Evaluation of SCI
General Management of Spinal Injuries
Cord Injury Presentations
Nontraumatic Spinal Conditions
41 Chest Trauma
Skeletal Injuries
Pulmonary Contusion
Other Pulmonary Injuries
Heart and Great Vessel Injuries
Other Thoracic Injuries
42 Abdominal Trauma
Review of Abdominal Anatomy
Mechanisms of Abdominal Injury
Specific Abdominal Injuries
Assessment of Abdominal Trauma
Management of Abdominal Trauma
43 Orthopaedic Trauma
Review of the Musculoskeletal System
Classifications of Musculoskeletal Injuries
Signs and Symptoms of Extremity Trauma
Assessment and Management of Musculoskeletal Injuries
Upper Extremity Injuries
Lower Extremity Injuries
Open Fractures
Straightening Angular Fractures and Reducing Dislocations
44 Environmental Conditions
Thermoregulation
Hyperthermia
Hypothermia
Frostbite
Submersion
Diving Emergencies
High-Altitude Illness
45 Obstetrics
Review of Female Reproductive Anatomy
Normal Events of Pregnancy
Specialized Structures of Pregnancy
Fetal Growth and Development
Pregnancy Terminology (GTPAL)
Patient Assessment
Complications of Pregnancy
Antepartum Disorders
Intrapartum Complications
Postpartum Disorders
Trauma During Pregnancy
Cardiac Arrest in the Pregnant Patient
46 Neonatal Care
Risk Factors Associated With the Need for Resuscitation
Physiologic Adaptations at Birth
Assessment and Management of the Newborn: The Golden Minute
Resuscitation of the Distressed Newborn
Routes of Drug Administration
Postresuscitation Care
Neonatal Transport
Psychological and Emotional Support
Specific Situations
Congenital Anomalies
47 Pediatrics
The Paramedic’s Role in Caring for Pediatric Patients
EMS for Children
Pediatric Growth and Development
Anatomy and Physiology
General Principles of Pediatric Assessment
General Principles of Patient Management
Specific Pathophysiology, Assessment, and Management
Infants and Children With Special Needs
48 Geriatrics
Demographics, Epidemiology, and Societal Issues
Living Environments and Referral Sources
Physiologic Changes of Aging
General Principles in Assessment of the Geriatric Patient
System Pathophysiology, Assessment, and Management
49 Abuse and Neglect
Abuse and Maltreatment
Intimate Partner Violence
Elder and Vulnerable Adult Abuse
Child Abuse
Sexual Assault
50 Patients With Special Challenges
Physical Challenges
Emotional, Mental Health, and Developmental Challenges
Pathologic Challenges
Culturally Diverse Patients
Financial Challenges
Poverty
High System Utilizers
51 Acute Interventions for Home Care
Overview of Home Health Care
General Principles and Management
Specific Acute Home Health Care Interventions
52 Ground and Air Ambulance Operations
Ambulance Standards
Checking Ambulances
Ambulance Stationing
Safe Ambulance Operation
Aeromedical Transport
53 Medical Incident Command
Incident Command System
Mass-Casualty Incidents
Principles and Technology of Triage
Critical Incident Stress Management
54 Rescue Awareness and Operations
Appropriate Training for Rescue Operations
Rescuer PPE
Surface Water Rescue
Hazardous Atmospheres
Highway Operations
Hazardous Terrain
Assessment Procedures During Rescue
55 Crime Scene Awareness
Approaching the Scene
Dangerous Residence
Dangerous Highway Encounters
Violent Street Incidents
Violent Groups and Situations
Safety Tactics
Tactical Patient Care
EMS at Crime Scenes
56 Hazardous Materials Awareness
Scope of Hazardous Materials
Laws and Regulations
Identification of Hazardous Materials
Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment
Health Hazards
Response to Hazmat Emergencies
Rehabilitation and Medical Monitoring
Emergency Management of Contaminated Patients
Decontamination of Rescue Personnel and Equipment
57 Bioterrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction
History of Biologic Weapons
Critical Biologic Agents and Responder Databases
Methods of Dissemination
Specific Biologic Threats
Nuclear and Radiologic Threats
Incendiary Threats
Specific Chemical Threats
Explosive Threats
Department of Homeland Security
General Guidelines for Emergency Response
Appendix A: Emergency Drug Index
Appendix B: Advanced Practice Procedures for Critical Care Paramedics
Glossary
Index