Sams Teach Yourself C++ in 21 Days (5th Edition)

Sams C++ Teach Yourself in 21 Days, Fifth Edition......Page 2
Copyright © 2005 by Sams Publishing......Page 3
Contents at a Glance......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
About the Authors......Page 22
We Want to Hear from You!......Page 24
Conventions Used in This Book......Page 26
Sample Code for This Book......Page 27
Where You Are Going......Page 28
A Brief History of C++......Page 30
Should I Learn C First?......Page 36
The ANSI Standard......Page 37
Preparing to Program......Page 38
Your Development Environment......Page 39
The Process of Creating the Program......Page 40
The Development Cycle......Page 41
HELLO.cpp—Your First C++ Program......Page 42
Getting Started with Your Compiler......Page 44
Compile Errors......Page 45
Q&A......Page 46
Workshop......Page 47
A Simple Program......Page 50
A Brief Look at cout......Page 53
Using the Standard Namespace......Page 55
Commenting Your Programs......Page 57
Functions......Page 60
Q&A......Page 63
Workshop......Page 64
What Is a Variable?......Page 66
Defining a Variable......Page 72
Assigning Values to Your Variables......Page 75
Creating Aliases with typedef......Page 77
When to Use short and When to Use long......Page 78
Working with Characters......Page 81
Constants......Page 84
Enumerated Constants......Page 86
Summary......Page 88
Q&A......Page 89
Workshop......Page 90
DAY 4 Creating Expressions and Statements......Page 92
Starting with Statements......Page 93
Expressions......Page 94
Working with Operators......Page 95
Combining the Assignment and Mathematical Operators......Page 98
Incrementing and Decrementing......Page 99
Understanding Operator Precedence......Page 102
Nesting Parentheses......Page 103
The Nature of Truth......Page 104
The if Statement......Page 105
Using Braces in Nested if Statements......Page 113
Using the Logical Operators......Page 116
Relational Precedence......Page 117
More About Truth and Falsehood......Page 118
The Conditional (Ternary) Operator......Page 119
Summary......Page 120
Workshop......Page 121
DAY 5 Organizing into Functions......Page 124
Return Values, Parameters, and Arguments......Page 125
Declaring and Defining Functions......Page 126
Determining Variable Scope......Page 130
Parameters Are Local Variables......Page 134
Considerations for Creating Function Statements......Page 137
More About Function Arguments......Page 138
More About Return Values......Page 139
Default Parameters......Page 141
Overloading Functions......Page 143
Special Topics About Functions......Page 146
How Functions Work—A Peek Under the Hood......Page 154
Summary......Page 158
Workshop......Page 159
Is C++ Object-Oriented?......Page 162
Creating New Types......Page 164
Introducing Classes and Members......Page 165
Accessing Class Members......Page 167
Private Versus Public Access......Page 169
Implementing Class Methods......Page 175
Adding Constructors and Destructors......Page 178
Including const Member Functions......Page 182
Interface Versus Implementation......Page 183
Where to Put Class Declarations and Method Definitions......Page 186
Inline Implementation......Page 187
Classes with Other Classes as Member Data......Page 190
Exploring Structures......Page 194
Summary......Page 195
Q&A......Page 196
Workshop......Page 197
Looping......Page 200
Using while Loops......Page 202
Implementing do...while Loops......Page 209
Using do...while......Page 211
Looping with the for Statement......Page 212
Summing Up Loops......Page 221
Controlling Flow with switch Statements......Page 223
Q&A......Page 230
Workshop......Page 231
WEEK 1 In Review......Page 234
Where You Are Going......Page 244
DAY 8 Understanding Pointers......Page 246
What Is a Pointer?......Page 247
The Stack and the Free Store (Heap)......Page 257
Another Look at Memory Leaks......Page 262
Deleting Objects from the Free Store......Page 263
Accessing Data Members......Page 264
Creating Member Data on the Free Store......Page 266
The this Pointer......Page 268
Stray, Wild, or Dangling Pointers......Page 270
Using const Pointers......Page 273
Summary......Page 276
Workshop......Page 277
What Is a Reference?......Page 280
Using the Address-Of Operator (&) on References......Page 282
Referencing Objects......Page 285
Passing Function Arguments by Reference......Page 287
Understanding Function Headers and Prototypes......Page 292
Returning Multiple Values......Page 293
Passing by Reference for Efficiency......Page 296
Knowing When to Use References Versus Pointers......Page 304
Mixing References and Pointers......Page 305
Returning Out-of-Scope Object References......Page 306
Pointer, Pointer, Who Has the Pointer?......Page 310
Q&A......Page 311
Workshop......Page 312
Overloaded Member Functions......Page 314
Using Default Values......Page 317
The Default Constructor......Page 319
Overloading Constructors......Page 320
Initializing Objects......Page 322
The Copy Constructor......Page 323
Operator Overloading......Page 327
Handling Data Type Conversion......Page 345
Conversion Operators......Page 348
Q&A......Page 350
Workshop......Page 351
Building Models......Page 354
Software Design: The Modeling Language......Page 355
Software Design: The Process......Page 356
Step 1: The Conceptualization Phase: Starting with The Vision......Page 360
Step 2: The Analysis Phase: Gathering Requirements......Page 361
Step 3: The Design Phase......Page 375
Steps 4–6: Implementation, Testing, and Rollout?......Page 391
Q&A......Page 392
Workshop......Page 393
What Is Inheritance?......Page 396
Private Versus Protected......Page 401
Inheritance with Constructors and Destructors......Page 403
Overriding Base Class Functions......Page 410
Virtual Methods......Page 416
Summary......Page 428
Q&A......Page 429
Workshop......Page 430
What Is an Array?......Page 432
Using Arrays of Objects......Page 441
Building Arrays of Pointers......Page 446
A Look at Pointer Arithmetic—An Advanced Topic......Page 448
Declaring Arrays on the Free Store......Page 451
char Arrays and Strings......Page 457
Using the strcpy() and strncpy() Methods......Page 460
String Classes......Page 461
Creating Array Classes......Page 469
Q&A......Page 470
Workshop......Page 471
Problems with Single Inheritance......Page 474
Multiple Inheritance......Page 481
Abstract Data Types......Page 498
Summary......Page 511
Q&A......Page 512
Workshop......Page 513
WEEK 2 In Review......Page 516
Where You Are Going......Page 528
DAY 15 Special Classes and Functions......Page 530
Sharing Data Among Objects of the Same Type: Static Member Data......Page 531
Using Static Member Functions......Page 536
Pointers to Functions......Page 539
Pointers to Member Functions......Page 553
Q&A......Page 558
Workshop......Page 559
Aggregation......Page 562
Implementation in Terms of Inheritance Versus Aggregation/Delegation......Page 577
Private Inheritance......Page 587
Adding Friend Classes......Page 596
Friend Functions and Operator Overloading......Page 605
Overloading the Insertion Operator......Page 610
Summary......Page 614
Q&A......Page 615
Workshop......Page 616
Overview of Streams......Page 618
Standard I/O Objects......Page 622
Redirection of the Standard Streams......Page 623
Input Using cin......Page 624
Other Member Functions of cin......Page 629
Outputting with cout......Page 638
Streams Versus the printf() Function......Page 645
File Input and Output......Page 648
Using the ofstream......Page 649
Binary Versus Text Files......Page 654
Command-line Processing......Page 656
Summary......Page 659
Q&A......Page 660
Workshop......Page 661
Getting Started......Page 662
Resolving Functions and Classes by Name......Page 663
Creating a Namespace......Page 668
Using a Namespace......Page 671
The using Keyword......Page 673
The Unnamed Namespace......Page 677
The Standard Namespace std......Page 679
Summary......Page 680
Workshop......Page 681
What Are Templates?......Page 684
Building a Template Definition......Page 686
Passing Instantiated Template Objects to Functions......Page 694
Templates and Friends......Page 695
Using Template Items......Page 703
The Standard Template Library......Page 718
Summary......Page 736
Q&A......Page 737
Workshop......Page 738
DAY 20 Handling Errors and Exceptions......Page 740
Bugs, Errors, Mistakes, and Code Rot......Page 741
The Idea Behind Exceptions......Page 743
How Catching Exceptions Work......Page 753
Data in Exceptions and Naming Exception Objects......Page 760
Exceptions and Templates......Page 767
Exceptions Without Errors......Page 770
Bugs and Debugging......Page 771
Q&A......Page 773
Workshop......Page 774
DAY 21 What’s Next......Page 776
The #define Preprocessor Directive......Page 777
Inclusion and Inclusion Guards......Page 780
Macro Functions......Page 781
String Manipulation......Page 784
Predefined Macros......Page 785
The assert() Macro......Page 786
Inline Functions......Page 796
Bit Twiddling......Page 798
Programming Style......Page 804
Next Steps in Your C++ Development......Page 809
Summary......Page 811
Q&A......Page 812
Workshop......Page 813
WEEK 3 In Review......Page 816
APPENDIX A Working with Numbers: Binary and Hexadecimal......Page 832
Using Other Bases......Page 833
Converting to Different Bases......Page 834
Hexadecimal......Page 838
APPENDIX B C++ Keywords......Page 842
APPENDIX C Operator Precedence......Page 844
Day 1......Page 846
Day 2......Page 847
Day 3......Page 849
Day 4......Page 850
Day 5......Page 851
Day 6......Page 854
Day 7......Page 857
Day 8......Page 858
Day 9......Page 860
Day 10......Page 862
Day 11......Page 867
Day 12......Page 871
Day 13......Page 872
Day 14......Page 873
Day 15......Page 875
Day 16......Page 881
Day 17......Page 884
Day 18......Page 887
Day 19......Page 888
Day 20......Page 892
Day 21......Page 898
APPENDIX E A Look at Linked Lists......Page 900
INDEX......Page 912