Safeguards and Antidumping in Latin American Trade Liberalization. Fighting Fire with Fire

Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 13
Acknowledgments......Page 17
Contributors......Page 19
Abbreviations and Acronyms......Page 21
1 Introduction and Overview......Page 25
2 Political Economy of Antidumping and Safeguards in Argentina......Page 69
3 Antidumping and Safeguard Mechanisms: The Brazilian Experience,1988–2003......Page 103
4 Keeping Animal Spirits Asleep: The Case of Chile......Page 133
5 Application of Safeguards and Antidumping Duties in Colombia......Page 161
6 Antidumping Policies and Safeguard Measures in the Context of Costa Rica’s Economic Liberalization......Page 193
7 Antidumping and Safeguard Measures in the Political Economy of Liberalization: The Mexican Case......Page 229
8 Antidumping Mechanisms and Safeguards in Peru......Page 271
Index......Page 303
2.1 Argentina: Real Exchange Rate, 1985–2002......Page 73
2.2 Argentina: Trade Flows......Page 74
2.3 Argentina: Antidumping Initiations and GDP Growth, 1995–2003......Page 82
3.1 Indexes of Import Volumes, Real Exchange Rate, Real GDP, and Average Nominal Tariff Rate for the 1987–2003 Period......Page 108
3.2 Brazil: Ratio of Import to Domestic Production Values for Certain Products, 1990 and 2002......Page 109
3.4 Share of Approved Antidumping Cases in Brazil, 1988–2002......Page 118
4.1 Chile: Tariffs and Real Exchange Rate, 1973–2003......Page 135
4.2 Chile: Applications Submitted and Investigations Initiated, 1981–2002......Page 138
5.1 Colombia: Average Tariff, 1986–2002......Page 163
5.2 Colombia: Real Exchange Rate Index......Page 164
5.3 Colombia: Number of Dumping and Safeguard Applications and Real Exchange Rate......Page 175
5.4 Colombia: Textile and Apparel Imports......Page 183
6.1 Costa Rica: Exports, Imports, and Average Tariff, 1982–2003......Page 196
6.2 Costa Rica: Evolution of Share of Destination Countries for Main Exports......Page 197
6.3 Costa Rica: Current Account Deficit, 1983–2003......Page 198
6.4 Costa Rica: Evolution of Inflation and Real Effective Exchange Rate, 1983–2003......Page 199
6.6 Costa Rica: Relative Importance of Nontraditional Exports, 1982–2003......Page 200
6.8 Costa Rica: Per Capita GDP, Open Unemployment, Underemployment, and Percentage of Households below Poverty Line, 1982–200......Page 201
6.9 Costa Rica: Degree of Liberalization and Per Capita GDP......Page 202
6.10 Stages in the Process of Dumping Complaint in Costa Rica, Pursuant to the Central American Rules......Page 207
7.2 Investigations Initiated and Over- and Undervaluation Margins of the Exchange Rate in Mexico, 1987–2003......Page 243
7.3 Investigations Initiated in Mexico in Relation to Major Economic and Political Events, 1987–2003......Page 244
7.5 Initiated Investigations, Antidumping and Countervailing Duties, by Country and Region, 1987–2002......Page 245
8.1 Organizational Structure of the National Institute for the Defense of Competition and the Protection of Intellectual Prop......Page 279
8.2 Antidumping Procedure......Page 285
8.3 Safeguards Procedure......Page 287
8.4 Investigations and Antidumping Duties in Peru, 1993 to July 2004......Page 292
1.1 Colombia: Safeguard and Antidumping Investigations, 1990–June 2004......Page 37
1.2 Mexico: Antidumping Duty Levels in Different Situations......Page 43
1.3 Outcomes of Peru’s Antidumping Investigations, 1993–June 2004......Page 47
1.4 Applied Tariff Rates on Industrial Goods for Selected Latin American Countries......Page 51
1.6 Antidumping Measures as Notified to WTO, 1995–June 2004......Page 52
1.7 Countervailing Duty Initiations and Measures, 1995–June 2004......Page 54
1.8 Numbers of Safeguard Initiations and Other Safeguard Actions Notified to the WTO by Selected Latin American Countries, 19......Page 56
2.1 Argentina: Ad Valorem Tariffs and Import Licenses, 1980–92......Page 71
2.2 Argentina: Antidumping Investigations by Requesting Industries, 1995–2004......Page 83
2.3 Argentina: Antidumping Investigations by Target Country, 1995–2004......Page 84
2.4 Argentina: Percentage of Antidumping Measures Coverage......Page 85
2.5 Argentina: Injury Determinations in Antidumping Investigations, 1995–2004......Page 86
2.6 Argentina: Antidumping Measures......Page 88
2.7 Argentina: Outcome Petitions under the Safeguards Agreement......Page 93
2.8 Argentina: Petitions for Safeguards under the ATC Agreement......Page 94
3.1 Brazil: Number and Percentage of Investigations with On-the-Spot Verifications for Injury and Dumping Determinations......Page 113
3.2 Number of Antidumping Cases Initiated between 1995 and 2002—Main Countries......Page 114
3.3 Countries Initiating the Largest Numbers of Safeguard Cases......Page 116
3.4 Number of Antidumping, Antisubsidy, and Safeguard Cases Initiated by Brazil, 1987–2003......Page 117
3.5 Brazil: Antidumping Cases by Group of Products, 1988–2002......Page 120
3.6 Number of Antidumping Cases in Brazil with Final Determinations, Grouped by Exporting Country or Bloc......Page 121
3.7 Antidumping Cases for Brazil: Preliminary Duty Rates, Normal Value Method, and Antidumping Duty as Percentage of Estimated Dumping Margin......Page 122
3.8 Brazil: Cases Ended without a Restrictive Outcome, Classified by Motives......Page 123
3.10 Brazil: Antidumping Cases and Selected Indicators, by Subperiods......Page 124
3.11 Safeguard Measures in Brazil, 1996–2003......Page 126
4.1 Chile: Development of Legislation, 1981–2000......Page 136
4.2 Chile: Definitive Measures of the National Commission for Price Distortions and Sectors Affected......Page 139
4.3 Chile: Investigation Procedure and Stages......Page 143
4.4 Chile: Antidumping Duties, 1992–2002......Page 147
4.5 Chile: Global Safeguards and Bilateral Agreements......Page 150
4.6 Chile: Safeguard Investigations, 1999–2003......Page 152
5.1 Preferential Tariffs Granted by Colombia: Liberalization Levels......Page 165
5.2 Colombia: Investigations Conducted, 1990–2004......Page 173
5.3 Colombia: Investigations by Sector, 1990–2004......Page 176
5.4 Colombia: Dumping Investigations by Sector, 1990–2004......Page 177
5.5 Colombia: Safeguard Dumping Investigations by Sector, 1990–2004......Page 178
6.1 Costa Rica: Dumping Cases......Page 215
6.2 Costa Rica: Summary of the Outcome of Dumping Cases Dealt with by Investigating Authority......Page 216
6.3 Costa Rica: Refrigerator Imports, 1995–96......Page 217
6.4 Costa Rica: Refrigerator Imports, 1994–2002......Page 218
6.5 Costa Rica: Safeguard Cases......Page 219
6.6 Costa Rica: Summary of the Outcome of Safeguard Cases Dealt with by Investigating Authority......Page 220
6.7 Costa Rica: Origin of Imports of Cabuya Bags, 1992–95......Page 221
6.8 Costa Rica: Summary of Cases Dealt with by Investigating Authority......Page 222
6.9 Costa Rica: Summary of Cases Dealt with by Investigating Authority......Page 223
7.1 Mexican Macroeconomic Indicators during Economic Liberalization......Page 231
7.2 Mexican Comparative Tariff Structures in Selected Years......Page 232
7.3 Antidumping, Antisubsidy, and Safeguard Proceedings Initiated in Mexico, 1987–2003......Page 240
7.4 Resolutions Regarding Unfair Practices and Safeguards, 1987–2002......Page 242
7.6 Investigations and Duties by Type of Good Imported to Mexico......Page 246
7.7 The “China Package” and Other Cases against Chinese Products during 1993......Page 249
7.8 Multicountry–Multiproduct Steel Package, 1992–93......Page 250
7.9 Cases in Which the Lesser Duty Rule Was Applied, 1991–96......Page 253
7.10 Cases in Which a Duty below the Dumping Margin Was Applied, 2001–4......Page 256
7.11 Number of Tariff Items Subject to Antidumping Duties in 2002......Page 262
7.12 Estimation of Mexican Total Trade Affected by Antidumping or Safeguard Measures, 2002......Page 263
8.1 Number of Paratariff Restrictions in Peru......Page 274
8.2 Main Reforms in Peru, 1990–2000......Page 275
8.3 Proportion of Imports Covered by the New Tariff Rates in Peru, September 1990......Page 276
8.4 Applications and Measures in Peru, 1993–2004......Page 291
8.5 Antidumping Investigations in Peru, by Sector......Page 294
8.6 Antidumping Investigations, by Country and Region......Page 295