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ویرایش: [Fifth Edition] نویسندگان: Douglas M. Fraleigh, Joseph S. Tuman, Brian Householder, Nikolaos Linardopoulos سری: ISBN (شابک) : 9781319387525 ناشر: Bedford/St. Martin's سال نشر: 2020 تعداد صفحات: [1495] زبان: English فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) حجم فایل: 118 Mb
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About this Book Cover Page Inside Front Cover Title Page Copyright Page RU Speaking: A Guide to Impactful Public Speech Dedication Coverage in Speak Up!, Fifth Edition, Correlated with NCA’s Learning Outcomes in Communication Brief Contents About the Authors and Illustrator Preface Contents Halftitle Page The Basics of Public Speaking Chapter 1 Introducing Public Speaking What Is Public Speaking? Why Study Public Speaking? Using Public Speaking as a Student Using Public Speaking in Your Career Using Public Speaking in Your Community Public Speaking: A Great Tradition Public Speaking: A Dynamic Discipline From Linear to Transactional: Evolving Views of the Public Speaking Process New Technologies, New Channels Awareness of Audiences’ Cultural Diversity Emphasis on Critical Thinking A Focus on Free, Engaged, and Ethical Communication Speech Choices: A Case Study Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Chapter 2 Developing Your First Speech Why Prepare? The Classical Approach to Speech Preparation Preparing and Delivering your first Speech Analyze Your Audience Select Your Topic Determine Your Speech’s Rhetorical Purpose Create a Thesis Statement Determine Your Main Points Develop Supporting Materials Organize and Outline the Body of Your Speech Outline Your Introduction and Conclusion Incorporate Transitions Consider Your Word Choice Consider Presentation Aids Practice Your Speech Deliver Your Speech Overcoming Speech Anxiety Prepare Early and Follow a Plan Deliver Your Speech to Others Try Imagined Interactions Take Care of Yourself Visualize Success Use Relaxation Techniques Check Out Some Apps Volunteer to Speak First Speech Choices: A Case Study: Rafaela Never Defeat Yourself Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Chapter 3 Speech Ethics Codes of Ethics: Absolute, Situational, and Culturally Relative Legal Speech vs. Ethical Speech Communicating Truthfully Lying Half-Truths False Inference Acknowledging the Work of Others Quoting from a Source Paraphrasing the Work of Others Common Knowledge Speech Choices: A Case Study: Rafaela Using Sound Reasoning Being an Ethical Listener Show Courtesy Demonstrate an Open Mind Hold the Speaker Accountable Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Chapter 4 Listening Skills The Listening Process Listening vs. Hearing Processing What You’ve Heard Retaining What You’ve Processed Listening Styles The Culprits Behind Poor Listening Unprocessed Note Taking Nonlistening Interruptive Listening Agenda-Driven Listening Argumentative Listening Nervous Listening Becoming a Better Listener Filter Out Distractions Focus on the Speaker Show That You Are Paying Attention Maximizing Your Audience’s Listening Anticipate Ineffective Listening before Your Speech Encourage Active Listening during Your Speech Listening When You are in the Audience Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Preparation Fundamentals Chapter 5 Audience Analysis Understanding Situational Characteristics Size Time Location Mobility Incorporating Demographics Age Gender Composition Sexual Orientation Race and Ethnicity Religious Orientation Socioeconomic Background Political Affiliation Putting the Demographic Pieces Together Seeking Common Ground Identifying Prior Exposure Identifying Audience Disposition Gathering Information About Your Audience Surveying Your Audience Interviewing Your Audience Considering and Observing Your Audience Speech Choices: A Case Study: Rafaela Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Chapter 6 Selecting Your Topic Developing a Set of Potential Topics Research Brainstorming Word Association Mind Mapping Selecting the Best Topic Consider the Assignment Consider Your Audience Consider Your Knowledge and Interests Consider the Speech Context Choose a Topic and Stick with It Refining Your Topic Decide Your Rhetorical Purpose Narrow Your Topic Drafting Your Specific Purpose Drafting Your Thesis Statement Speech Choices: A Case Study: Rafaela Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Chapter 7 Researching Your Speech Research Is Essential Research Works Best When You Have a Plan Inventory Your Research Needs Find the Sources You Need Keep Track of Your Sources Evaluating a Source’s Credibility Expertise Objectivity Observational Capacity Recency Conducting Library Research Books Periodicals Newspapers Reference Works Government Documents Using the Internet Benefits of Internet Research Disadvantages of Internet Research Evaluating the Credibility of Online Sources Credibility of Social Media Searching the World Wide Web Interviewing Sources Prepare for Your Interview Set Up Your Interview Plan Your Interview Questions Conduct the Interview Evaluate Your Notes Presenting Evidence in Your Speech Clearly Cite Your Sources Present the Information Accurately Speech Choices: A Case Study: Rafaela Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Chapter 8 Using Supporting Materials for Your Speech Why Use Supporting Materials? Building Audience Interest Enhancing Audience Understanding Strengthening Audience Memory Winning Audience Agreement Evoking Audience Emotion Types of Supporting Materials Examples Definitions Testimony Statistics Narratives Analogies Guidelines for Using Supporting Materials Choose the Most Credible Proof Use a Variety of Supporting Materials Appeal to Different Learning Styles Speech Choices: A Case Study: Rafaela Avoid Long Lists Consider Your Audience Respect the Available Time Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Organizing and Outlining Chapter 9 Organizing Your Speech Selecting Your Main Points Consider Your Purpose Take Your Audience into Account Select an Appropriate Number of Main Points Organizing Your Supporting Materials Subordination and Coordination When a Subpoint Doesn’t Fit Arranging Your Main Points Spatial Pattern Chronological (Temporal) Pattern Causal Pattern Comparison Pattern Categorical (Topical) Pattern Persuasive Speech Patterns Using Organizing Words, Phrases, and Sentences Transitions Signposts Speech Choices: A Case Study: Rafaela Internal Previews and Internal Summaries Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Chapter 10 Introductions and Conclusions Introducing Your Speech Gain Your Audience’s Attention Signal Your Thesis Show Your Audience What’s in It for Them Establish Your Credibility Preview Your Main Points Concluding Your Speech Transition to Your Conclusion Summarize Your Main Points Finish with a Memorable Clincher Speech Choices: A Case Study: Rafaela Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Chapter 11 Outlining Your Speech Two Stages of Outlining The Detailed Outline The Speaking Outline Creating Your Detailed Outline Outlining the Body of Your Speech Outlining Your Introduction Outlining Your Conclusion Creating a List of References Inserting the Title, Specific Purpose, and Thesis A Sample Detailed Outline Creating Your Speaking Outline Elements of Your Speaking Outline The Medium for Your Speaking Outline A Sample Speaking Outline Speech Choices: A Case Study: Rafaela Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Language and Delivery Chapter 12 Language and Style The Importance of Language and Word Choice Differences Between Oral and Written Language Denotative and Connotative Meaning Denotative Meaning Connotative Meaning Presenting Your Message Clearly Understandable Language Concrete Words Proper Use of Words Concise Language Expressing Your Ideas Effectively Repetition Hypothetical Examples Personal Anecdotes Vivid Language Figurative Language Choosing Respectful and Unbiased Language Avoid Stereotypes Use Gender-Neutral References Make Appropriate References to Ethnic Groups Steer Clear of Unnecessary References to Ethnicity, Religion, Gender, or Sexuality Speech Choices: A Case Study: Rafaela A Note on Appropriate Language and Political Correctness Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Chapter 13 Delivering Your Speech Selecting the Right Mode of Delivery Reading from a Manuscript Memorizing from a Manuscript Speaking from an Outline Impromptu Speaking Using Verbal Delivery Skills Volume Tone Rate of Delivery Projection Articulation Pronunciation Pausing Using Nonverbal Delivery Skills Eye Contact Gestures Physical Movement Proxemics Personal Appearance Speech Choices: A Case Study: Rafaela Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Chapter 14 Using Presentation Aids Why Use Presentation Aids? Presentation Aids Can Make Your Speech More Interesting Presentation Aids Can Simplify a Complex Topic Presentation Aids Can Help Your Audience Remember Your Speech Types of Presentation Aids The Speaker Assistants Objects Visual Images Graphs Text-Based Visuals Audio and Video Using Technology Wisely Using Presentation Software Using Other Technology Guidelines for Developing Presentation Aids Consider the Forum Consider Your Audience Make Sure Your Aids Support Your Points Keep Your Aids Simple and Clear Rehearse with Your Presentation Aids Using Presentation Aids During Your Speech Speech Choices: A Case Study: Rafaela Make Sure Everyone Can See and Hear Your Aids Control Audience Interaction with Your Aids Maintain Eye Contact Remember the Purpose of Your Aids Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Types of Public Speaking Chapter 15 Mediated Public Speaking The Rise of Mediated Communication The Expansion of Mediated Public Speaking Prerecorded and Real-Time Presentations Advantages of Mediated Presentations General Advantages Advantages of Prerecorded Speeches Advantages of Real-Time Technologies Challenges of Mediated Presentations Loss of Naturalness Loss of Immediacy Decreased Nonverbal Communication Diminished Feedback Difficulty Managing Distractions Technological Difficulties Optimizing Delivery and Messages in Mediated Presentations Delivery Considerations Message Adaptations Practicing Delivery and Recording Recording Your Classroom Speech Camera Setting and Background Attire Camera Positioning Special Considerations for Real-Time Presentations Practicing with Your Equipment to Make Sure It Works Selecting a Robust Internet Connection Using Group Chat/Video and Screen Sharing Creating Opportunities for Audience Interaction Soliciting Feedback through an Alternative Medium Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Mediated Speech Competency Rubric Chapter 16 Informative Speaking Techniques for Informing Definition Explanation Description Demonstration Narrative Types of Informative Speeches Objects Individuals or Groups Events Processes Ideas Developing Your Informative Speech Analyzing Your Audience Selecting a Technique Focusing on Your Goal to Inform Clarifying and Simplifying Your Message Sample Informative Speech Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Informative Speech Competency Rubric Chapter 17 Persuasive Speaking The Nature of a Persuasive Speech Persuasive Speeches Attempt to Influence Audience Members Persuasive Speeches Advocate Fact, Value, or Policy Claims The Nature of Persuasion Two Paths to Persuasion The Importance of Central Route Processing Which Route Will Audience Members Follow? Tailoring Your Persuasive Message to the Audience Adapting to Audience Disposition Appealing to Your Audience’s Needs Connecting to Your Listeners’ Values Accounting for Audience Beliefs Focusing on Peripheral Beliefs Demonstrating How Your Audience Benefits Acknowledging Listeners’ Reservations Ethical Persuasion Help Your Audience Make an Informed Decision Research Your Facts Note Any Biases Attribute Your Research Properly Organizing Your Persuasive Speech Organizing Fact Claims Organizing Value Claims Organizing Policy Claims Speech Choices: A Case Study: Rafaela Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Persuasive Speech Competency Rubric Chapter 18 Methods of Persuasion Ethos: Your Credibility as a Speaker Understanding the Elements of Credibility Building Your Credibility Avoiding Loss of Your Credibility Logos: The Evidence and Reasoning behind Your Message Using Evidence Using Reasoning Avoiding Logical Fallacies Pathos: Evoking Your Listeners’ Emotions Using Emotional Appeals Ensuring Ethical Use of Pathos Sample Persuasive Speech Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Chapter 19 Special-Occasion Speaking Types of Special-Occasion Speeches General Guidelines for Special-Occasion Speeches Appealing to Your Audience’s Emotions Matching Your Delivery to the Mood of the Occasion Adapting to Your Audience’s Expectations Evoking Shared Values Respecting Time Constraints Strategies for Each Type of Special-Occasion Speech Strategies for Speeches of Introduction Strategies for Speeches of Presentation Strategies for Speeches of Acceptance Strategies for Speeches to Memorialize or Eulogize Strategies for Speeches to Celebrate Strategies for After-Dinner Speeches Sample Special-Occasion Speech Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Chapter 20 Group Communication Effective Group Leadership Selecting a Leader Leading Meetings Managing Conflict Effective Group Membership Three Types of Member Roles Tips for Participating in a Small Group Group Decision Making and the Reflective-Thinking Process Define the Problem Analyze the Problem Establish Criteria for Solving the Problem Generate Possible Solutions Select the Best Solution Delivering Group Presentations Symposium Panel Discussion Single Group Representative Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Chapter 21 Civic Engagement Civic Engagement and Its Importance to Society How Civic Engagement Benefits You Forums and Venues for Civic Engagement Applying Public Speaking Skills to Civic Engagement Invention Audience Analysis Organization (Arrangement) Language and Style Preparation (Memory) Delivery Speech Choices Chapter Review Key Terms Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Activities Appendix A: Speech Choices Outline and Full-Length Speech Why Women Should Run for Office: Speech Choices Outline Why Women Should Run for Office: Full-Length Speech Appendix B: Additional Sample Speeches Sample Special-Occasion Speech: John McCain, Liberty Medal Ceremony Sample Persuasive Speech: David Kruckenberg, Child Slavery and the Production of Chocolate Sample Persuasive Speech: Michelle Bachelet, Reclaiming Public Spaces for the Empowerment of Women and Girls Notes Glossary Index LaunchPad Inside Back Cover Back Cover