Routledge International Handbook of Ignorance Studies: Second Edition (Routledge International Handbooks)

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Illustrations
Contributors
Introduction
	1 Revolutionary Epistemology: The Promise and Peril of Ignorance Studies
		Introduction
		Part I: Remaking the Philosophy of Ignorance
		Part II: the Production of Ignorance as a Resource: Productively Coping with Knowledge Gaps
		Part III: Valuing and Managing the Unknown in Science, Technology and Medicine
		Part IV: Power, Oppression and Hierarchies of Ignorance
		Part V: Behavioral Ignorance and Political Economy: Towards a New Dynamism
		Concluding Outlook
		References
Part I Remaking the Philosophy of Ignorance
	2 Ignorance and Investigation
		Ignorance as the Absence of Knowledge
		Ignorance and Belief
		Complete Ignorance
		Ignorance and Investigation
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	3 Apophatic Ignorance and Its Applications
		Introduction
		The Present Predicament of Apophatics
		The Relevance of Apophatic Thought to Universalist Aspirations Today
		Apophaticism as Universal Applied Philosophy
		The Universality of What Is Not
		Acknowledgment
		Notes
		References
	4 Global White Ignorance
		Global White Ignorance: Space, Time, Content
		Racial Erasure
			Erasing White Racism as the Central Modern Ideology
			Denying White Supremacy as a Global System
			Whitewashing White Atrocity, Eliminating Nonwhite Contribution
		Notes
		References
	5 On the Relation Between Ignorance and Epistemic Injustice: an Ignorance-first Analysis
		Introduction
		What Is the Epistemology of Ignorance?
		What Is Epistemic Injustice?
		Ignorance-first Versus Epistemic Injustice-first Social Epistemological Analysis
		Ignorance and Epistemic Injustice: the Picture from Epistemic Injustice
			Testimonial Injustice, Preserved Propositional Ignorance, and the Case of the Racist Patient
			Hermeneutical Injustice, Practical Conceptual Ignorance, and the Case of the Ableist Employer
		Applying an Ignorance-first Analysis to Epistemic Injustice
			An Ignorance-first Analysis of Testimonial Injustice
			An Ignorance-first Analysis of Hermeneutical Injustice
		Ignorance-oriented Analyses Are More Explanatorily Powerful Than Ignorance-involving Accounts
		Notes
		References
	6 The Pragmatics of Ignorance
		1. Ignorance as a State
		2. Self-ascription and Attribution
		3. Ignorance as Caused
			3.1. The Production of Ignorance
			3.2. Agnogenetic Processes
			3.3. Strategies and Structural Factors
		4. Ignorance and Skeptical Challenges
			4.1. Skepticism and Doubt-mongering
			4.2. The Challenge of Absolute Justification
			4.3. The Challenge of Indiscernibles
		5. Ignorance and Knowledge-claims
			5.1. Claims over Knowledge
			5.2. Claims over the Unknowable
		Notes
		References
	7 Popper, Ignorance, and the Emptiness of Fallibilism
		Countering Dogmatism
		Answering the Skeptic
		Real-World Falsification
		Critical Rationalism as an Attitude
		Critical Rationalism as Rules of Thumb
		Inscrutable Ignorance
		Notes
		References
	8 Literary Ignorance
		Introduction
		Notes
		References
Part II the Production of Ignorance as a Resource: Productively Coping with Knowledge Gaps
	9 Forbidden Knowledge in a Post-Truth Era
		What Is “forbidden Knowledge?”
		How Is Forbidden Knowledge Created?
		Forbidden Knowledge in a Post-truth World
		References
	10 Ignorance and the Epistemic Choreography of Social Research
		Introduction
		An Epistemic Choreography
			Research Question
			Recruitment
			Deriving Data
			Data Analysis
		Ignoring, Othering and ‘misbehaving’
		Eventuation and the Process of Research
		Concluding Remarks: Affecting Epistemic Choreography
		References
	11 Sharing the Resources of Ignorance
		References
	12 Ignorance of Model Uncertainty and Its Effects on Ethics and Society Using the Example of Geosciences
		Introduction
		Models in the Geosciences
		Uncertainties in Models
		Communication of Model Uncertainties Within Societal and Ethical Perspectives
		Conclusions
		Acknowledgements
		References
	13 Expect the Unexpected: Experimental Music, or the Ignorance of Sound Design
		Introduction
		Lao Li
		Bad Surprises
		Good Surprises
		First- and Second-degree Ignorance
		Notes
		References
	14 Ignorance and the Brain: Are There Distinct Kinds of Unknowns?
		Setting the Scene: What Can Brain Imaging Tell Us About How the Brain Processes Ignorance?
		Ambiguity Type 1: Multistability (ambiguity) in Visual Perception
		Ambiguity Type 2: Decision Making Under Imprecisely Known Probabilities
		Beyond Ambiguity: Second-order Uncertainty, State Space Ignorance, and Conflict
		So, What Can Brain Imaging Tell Us About Ignorance?
		References
	15 Linguistics and Ignorance
		State of the Art
		Linguistics Research Questions and Methodological Approaches
		Ways of Articulating Ignorance and Referring to Uncertainty
		Discursive Functions and Consequences of Ignorance
			Discourse Participants
			Transtextual Level
			Intratextual Level
		Linguistic (or Linguistically Relevant) Findings in a Nutshell
			Ignorance Claims: How They Function in Discourse…
			… and the Linguistic Form They Take
		Summary: Discursive Relevance of Concepts of Ignorance from a Linguistics Perspective
		Note
		References
Part III Valuing and Managing the Unknown in Science, Technology and Medicine
	16 Undone Science and Social Movements: a Review and Typology
		Introduction
		Undone Science and Mobilized Publics
		Other Perspectives on Undone Science
		Conclusion
		References
	17 Science for Better or Worse, a Source of Ignorance as Well as Knowledge
		Section 1—manly Science: Knowledge of Men/ignorance of Women
		Section 2—manly Science: “knowledge” of Women
		Section 3—an Alternative to Manly Science
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	18 Lost in Space: Place, Space, and Scale in the Production of Ignorance
		Introduction
		Place- and Space-based Ignorance
		Ignorance and the Problem of Scale
			Scale Frames and Counter-scale Frames
			Organizing Ignorance with Spatial Data
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	19 Ignorance and Industry: Agrichemicals and Honey Bee Deaths
		Introduction
		An Epidemic of Honey Bee Deaths
		Bayer and the Production of Uncertainty
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	20 Tackling the Corona Pandemic: Managing Nonknowledge in Political Decision-making
		Politics as an Arena of Epistemic Controversies
		Methods and Materials
		Taking Advantage of the Temporality of Nonknowing
		Maintaining Citizens’ Crisis Awareness
		Conclusion
		Note
		References
	21 The Pandemic as We Know It: a Policy Studies Perspective on Ignorance and Nonknowledge in Covid-19 Governance
		Introduction
		Conceptual Preliminaries: Policy, Knowledge, and Ignorance
			Moving Beyond ‘evidence’ and Residual Ignorance
			Developing Agnoto-epistemological Sensibilities
			Thinking Like a Policy: Introducing Ignorance in Policy Models
		Pandemic Policies: Matters of Knowledge and Ignorance
			Problem Definition and Agenda Setting: Knowing and Acting upon Covid-19
			Designing Policy Responses and Solutions in Times of Urgency: Making Covid-19 Governable
			Implementing the Vaccine Roll-out: Circulating and Fencing Vital Knowledge
			Evaluating Pandemic Policies by Selecting Knowledge
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	22 The Right Not to Know and the Dynamics of Biomedical Knowledge Production: Fighting a Losing Battle?
		1 Introduction
		2 the Peculiarities of Genetic Knowledge and the Emergence of the Right Not to Know
		3 Not-knowing as a Legal Right and Social Practice
		4 Discursive Contestations: Ignorance and Autonomy
		5 a Duty to Know? the Case of Expanded Carrier Screening
		6 Conclusion
		Notes
		References
Part IV Power, Oppression and Hierarchies of Ignorance
	23 Intersectional Ignorance in Women’s Sport
		Gendering Ignorance
			Ruling on (Contested) Science Alone
		Intersectional Ignorance
			Ignoring Intersectional Harms
		Concluding Discussion
		Notes
		References
	24 Sexual Injustice and Willful Ignorance
		Introduction
		I. Critical Philosophical Perspectives on Ignorance
		II. Vulnerability and Ignorance
		III. Ignorance of Vulnerability and Sexual Injustice
		Notes
		Bibliography
	25 Anthropological Perspectives on Ritual and Religious Ignorance
		An Implicit Presence: Ignorance in the Anthropology of Religion
		Approaching Ritual and Religious Ignorance
		Change, Loss and Collective Memory/Amnesia: the Productivity of Ignorance
		Ethical and Strategic Cultivations of Ignorance
		The Politics of Ignorance
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	26 On the Burial of the Palestinian Nakba
		Introduction
		Deforming Prisms
		1948–9: ‘Israel’ Erases ‘Palestine’
		Maintaining Erasure/Concealing Aggression
		Erasure of Palestine Through Education
		Silencing the Nakba
		Exclusion of Palestine from the ‘trauma Genre’
		Teaching Palestine in North American Universities
		Dr Serhan Raises a Critical Issue
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	27 Democracy and Practices of Ignorance
		Introduction
		I. Police and Democracy in Perspective
		II. Police and Ethical Ignorance
		III. Democracy and Aesthetic Ignorance
		IV. Democracy, Police … and Transformation
		V. Transformation, Translation, and Diversional Ignorance
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
Part V Behavioral Ignorance and Political Economy: Towards a New Dynamism
	28 Targeting Ignorance to Change Behavior
		Introduction
		Facts and Assumptions About Human Psychology
		Behavior-Change Strategies
			Alleviating Ignorance
		Circumventing Ignorance
		Neutralizing Ignorance
		Concluding Remarks
		References
	29 Rational Ignorance
		I. the Meaning of Rational Ignorance
		II. the Ubiquity of Rational Ignorance
		III. Rational Ignorance and Democracy
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	30 Knowledge Resistance
		Introduction
		What Is Knowledge Resistance?
		Two Standard Responses for Understanding Knowledge Resistance
		An Alternative Proposition
		Knowledge Resistance and Loyalty Claims
		Knowledge Resistance and Social Esteem
			Risks and Knowledge Resistance
		Risks of Resisting Well-supported Knowledge Claims
			Risks of Opening Up to Rival Knowledge Claims
		Conclusions and Discussion
		References
	31 Criminal Ignorance, Environmental Harms and Processes of Denial
		Moral Ambiguity and Neutralisation
		Pluralistic Ignorance
		Bystander Ignorance and Social Reaction
		Power and Denial
			Crimes of Obedience
			Spirals of Denial
		Environmental Crime and Denial
		Knowing and Acknowledging
		Notes
		References
	32 Ignorance Is Strength?: Intelligence, Security, and National Secrets
		Introduction
		Ignorance as Asset and Threat
		Ignorance, Oppression and Collective Memory
		Registering the Unknown: Ignorance as Methodology
		Conclusion
		References
	33 Decision-theoretic Approaches to Non-knowledge in Economics
		Introduction
		The Basic Mathematical Framework
		First Way of Formalization: Probabilistic and Non-probabilistic Approaches
		Second Way of Formalization: Genuine Non-knowledge of the State Space and the Possibility of True Surprises
		Discussion
		Acknowledgement
		References
	34 Organizational Ignorance
		Introduction
		What Is Ignorance?
		Organizational Ignorance
			Organizational Unknown Unknowns and Known Unknowns
			Organizational Knowable Known Unknowns, Unknown Knowns and Errors
			Organizational Taboos, Denials, Secrecy and Privacy
		Conclusions
		References
Afterword
	35 Ignorance Studies: State of the Art
		An Ignorance Explosion?
		Future Prospects
		References
Index