Routledge History of Philosophy - Volume I - From the Beginning to Plato

Contents......Page 6
List of Sources......Page 22
Introduction......Page 25
INTRODUCTION......Page 32
GREEKS AND THE EAST......Page 33
HESIOD AND HOMER......Page 38
RELIGION: RITUALS, FESTIVALS AND IMAGES OF THE GODS......Page 46
POLITICS, CONSTITUTIONS, LAWS: THE CONSEQUENCES OF LITERACY?......Page 49
MYTHOLOGY: INVENTION, MANIPULATION......Page 54
POLITICAL AND CULTURAL IMPERIALISM......Page 57
NOTES......Page 60
Greeks and the East......Page 62
Religion: Rituals, Festivals and Images of the Gods......Page 63
Mythology: Invention, Manipulation......Page 64
Political and Cultural Imperialism......Page 65
THALES AND OTHERS......Page 66
ANAXIMANDER......Page 73
ANAXIMENES......Page 81
XENOPHANES......Page 85
NOTES......Page 95
Original language editions......Page 99
Collections of articles......Page 100
General studies......Page 101
Studies......Page 102
Studies......Page 103
PROBLEMS OF INTERPRETATION......Page 104
RITUAL AND THE GODS......Page 105
CUSTOM AND SHARED PRACTICE......Page 110
THE LOGOS......Page 112
EVERYTHING FLOWS......Page 113
THE UNITY OF OPPOSITES......Page 116
HARMONY AND THE RECOGNITION OF WHAT IS OBSCURE......Page 120
THE ERRORS OF OTHER PEOPLE......Page 123
POLITICS, VIRTUE AND GLORY......Page 124
Connecting Words of Different Significance......Page 127
Deriving More than One Significance from One and the Same Word......Page 128
NOTES......Page 130
Original Language and Bilingual Editions......Page 137
Bibliography......Page 138
Perception and knowledge......Page 139
Other topics......Page 140
PYTHAGORAS AND THE EARLY PYTHAGOREANS......Page 141
Mathematics and the Importance of Abstract Structure......Page 142
The Poem of Parmenides......Page 143
The Promise of the Goddess......Page 144
The Choice of Ways......Page 145
The Rejection of ‘it is not’......Page 147
The ‘Way of Mortals’......Page 149
Consequences of ‘it is’......Page 150
(a)  Reality cannot come-to-be nor cease-to-be (B 8.6–21)......Page 151
(b)  Reality is undivided, coherent, one (B 8.22–25)......Page 152
(c)  Reality is complete, unique, unchanging (B 8.26–33)......Page 153
The Nature of Reality......Page 154
Is reality spatial or temporal or both?......Page 155
In what sense is reality one?......Page 156
The Errors of ‘Mortals’ and the Place of Ordinary Experience......Page 157
The Nature and Structure of Empirical Science: Cosmology as ‘Opinions of Mortals’......Page 158
Conclusion: the Trouble with Thinking......Page 160
The empirical psychology......Page 161
Introduction......Page 162
(b)  The aim of the arguments......Page 163
(d)  The argument by ‘finitely many’ and ‘infinitely many’......Page 164
(e)  The argument by ‘sizeless’ and ‘of infinite size’......Page 165
(f)  Methods and assumptions......Page 166
(b)  The ‘Stadium’ and the ‘Achilles’......Page 167
(d)  The ‘Moving Rows’......Page 168
Other Arguments......Page 169
PHILOLAUS AND ‘THE PEOPLE CALLED PYTHAGOREANS’......Page 170
Foundations of Monism......Page 172
The Relation to Ordinary Experience and the Attack on Sense Perception......Page 173
NOTES......Page 174
Texts with translation and commentary......Page 179
Alētheiē in early Greek and in Parmenides:......Page 180
The nature of what is......Page 181
Texts with translation and commentary......Page 182
Plato’s testimony on Zeno......Page 183
Text with translation and commentary......Page 184
INTRODUCTION......Page 185
THE THEORY OF ELEMENTS......Page 188
COSMOLOGY......Page 193
THE NATURAL WORLD......Page 196
PERCEPTION AND COGNITION......Page 199
THE UNITY OF ALL THINGS......Page 205
Texts and Translations......Page 213
Commentaries and Interpretations......Page 214
ANAXAGORAS......Page 216
The Physical World......Page 217
Mind......Page 223
THE ATOMISTS......Page 226
Physical Principles......Page 227
Chance and Necessity......Page 229
Epistemology and Psychology......Page 234
Theology......Page 240
Ethics and Politics......Page 241
NOTES......Page 244
Studies......Page 246
Studies......Page 247
CHAPTER 7  The sophists......Page 249
PROTAGORAS......Page 252
GORGIAS......Page 257
PRODICUS......Page 260
HIPPIAS......Page 261
ANTIPHON......Page 263
LESSER SOPHISTS......Page 265
NOTES......Page 268
Discussions of the Sophistic Movement as a Whole......Page 269
Gorgias......Page 270
Callicles......Page 271
The Anonymus lamblichi......Page 272
INTRODUCTION: PROCLUS’ HISTORY OF GEOMETRY......Page 273
(1)  The Contents of Euclid’s Elements......Page 275
(2)  Eudoxus and Books V and XII of Euclid’s Elements......Page 278
(4)  Theaetetus and Book X of the Elements: the Three Means and Harmonics......Page 279
(5)  Theaetetus and the Theory of Proportion......Page 284
(6)  Archytas, Harmonics and Arithmetic......Page 287
(1)  Thales and Early Greek Geometry......Page 290
(2)  Harmonics in the Sixth and Fifth Centuries......Page 292
(3)  Arithmetic in the Sixth and Fifth Centuries......Page 294
Application of areas......Page 298
The discovery of incommensurability: Hippasus of Metapontum......Page 301
Hippocrates and Oinopides......Page 304
Hippias of Elis and the teaching of the mathematical sciences......Page 309
NOTES......Page 310
Astronomy......Page 314
Boethius......Page 315
Eutocius......Page 316
Nicomachus......Page 317
Porphyry......Page 318
Suda......Page 319
Other Secondary Sources......Page 320
INTRODUCTION......Page 322
THE SOCRATIC PROBLEM......Page 323
FOLK MORALITY......Page 325
SOPHISTIC MORALITY......Page 330
A SKETCH OF SOCRATIC EXPERTISE......Page 333
THE GOOD......Page 338
CONCLUSION......Page 339
NOTES......Page 340
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 348
The Theory of Forms......Page 353
(2)  The triangle is a three-sided plane figure.......Page 354
The Parmenides......Page 363
Recollection......Page 369
Dialectic......Page 371
The Theaetetus and the Sophist......Page 374
NOTES......Page 378
Complete Translations......Page 382
ato)  .........Page 383
General surveys of Plato......Page 384
Other Relevant Works......Page 385
Metaphysics......Page 386
Epistemology......Page 387
I......Page 388
II......Page 393
III......Page 397
IV......Page 398
V......Page 401
VI......Page 404
VII......Page 408
VIII......Page 410
NOTES......Page 413
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 414
Preliminaries......Page 416
The Phaedo......Page 419
The Soul in Other Dialogues......Page 423
LITERATURE AND ART......Page 426
NOTES......Page 435
Studies......Page 443
Index of topics......Page 455
Index locorum......Page 463
Index of proper names......Page 479