Routledge Handbook of Japanese Media

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Contributors
Introduction: Why the Japanese media?
	The book’s organization
	References
Part I The rise of Japanese media
	1 Who’s the ‘great imitator’?: Critical reflections on Japan’s historical transcultural influence
		Is this Orientalism? Japan’s early engagement with ‘the West’
		Orientalism’s problems
		Who’s the great imitator?
		Notes
	2 Girls’ magazines and the creation of shōjo identities
		What is a ‘shōjo’?
		Girls around the world
		Conclusion
		References
	3 Gender, consumerism and women’s magazines in interwar Japan
		Mass women’s magazines come of age
		Surveying readers
		New strategies
		Self-cultivation: a key word in women’s magazines
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	4 Eusociality and the Japanese media machine in the Great East Asia War, 1931–19451
		Establishing state-controlled mass media under the Cabinet Information Bureau
		The wartime aesthetic
		Film
		Media public relations campaigns building toward a narrative of dystopic eusociality
		Assessing the legacy of the wartime media
		Notes
		References
	5 Fire!: Mizuno Hideko and the development of 1960s shōjo manga
		Origins of shōjo manga
		Overview of shōjo manga studies
		British and American romance comics
		Tezuka Osamu and the creation of the shojo manga genre
		Mizuno Hideko, shōjo mangaka
		Notes
		References
	6 Sport, media and technonationalism in the history of the Tokyo Olympics
		Tokyo Olympics and broadcasting
		The ‘electronic computing system’
		Transportation: the Shinkansen
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
Part II Media, nation, politics and nostalgia
	7 Born again yokozuna: Sports and national identity
		Japanese national identity
			Bushido
			Nihonjinron
			Hybridity
		Method
		Data set
		Sumo: Japan’s national sport
		Themes
			Yokozuna continuity
			The soul of Japan and the gods of sumo
			The same but different
		Conclusion
		References
	8 Changing political communication in Japan
		Japan’s political media
			Newspapers
			Television
		Politicians’ media strategy
			Newspapers
			Politicians on television
		Internet and politics
		Media system in Japan?
		Notes
		References
	9 ‘National idols’: The case of AKB48 in Japan
		Background on AKB48
		From niche to national
		Critiques of AKB48 idols and fans
		Inter-nationalism, idol politics and ‘Japan’
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	10 Media idols and the regime of truth about national identity in post-3.11 Japan
		The context: Cool Japan, Japan Endless Discovery and 3.11
		Idols turned ambassadors of the nation
		Japaneseness endorsed by the national idols in post-3.11 media
		Acknowledgments
		Notes
		References
Part III Japanese identities – plural: race, gender and sexuality in contemporary media
	11 Queering mainstream media: Matsuko Deluxe as modern-day kuroko
		Queer visibility and mainstream media
		The popular who – Matsuko Deluxe
		In and out of mainstream media
		Matsuko as kuroko
		Matsuko as surrogate for the mass and ordinary
		Conclusion
		References
	12 Mediated masculinities: Negotiating the ‘normal’ in the Japanese female-to-male trans magazine Laph
		Introduction
		Mini-komi and zines: the politics of alternative media
		A brief history of FTM self-publishing in contemporary Japan
		A ‘Men’s trendy magazine for FTM’
			Intersections of hegemonic masculinity and ‘FTM masculinity’: the productive and reproductive ‘man’
			Just one of those men: performing ‘natural masculinity’
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	13 Writing sexual identity onto the small screen
		The background
		Tolerance and acceptance/hyper-visibility and invisibility
		The LGBT market in the news and current affairs
		Societal understanding toward ‘LGBT and the like’
		LGBT markets opening up the future
		Writing sexual identity onto the small screen
		Notes
		References
	14 Housewives watching crime
		Reading, talking, and watching Sukkiri!!
		Gender in wide shows and crime narratives
		Family crimes: poison mothers and damaged children
		Case study: vacuum cleaner child abuse
		Crimes of passion: vengeful lovers and entangled audiences
		Case study: slashing the other woman
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	15 Beyond the absent father stereotype
		Parenting men in film
		Metaphors, moral dilemmas and film
		The empathetic father: Soshite chichi ni naru
		The nurturing father: Usagi doroppu
		The independent son: Kiseki
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	16 Japan Times’ imagined communities
		Symbolic boundaries, identity and cross-national relations
			Japan’s mental borderlands and race
		Nihonjinron and African Americans in the Japan Times
			Modern world
			Multiculturalism
			Post-racial world
			Old era
		Discussion and conclusions
		Notes
Part IV Japanese media in everyday life
	17 Culture of the print newspaper: The decline of the Japanese mass press
		Introduction
		Culture of print and paper
			Early modern Japan
			Modernization: the Meiji period
		Newspaper as public institution
		Newspaper as commodity
			Outsourced sales system: hanbaiten
			Sales license and privileges
			The business of hanbaiten
		Newspapers on the decline
		Outlook and future challenges
		Notes
		References
	18 Japanese youth and SNS use
		Introduction
		Globalization of surveillance and its differences
		SNS and the prevalence of peer surveillance
		Japanese youth and the significance of tomodachi
		How Japanese youth themselves perceive their daily usage of SNS
			Exclusion from the tomodachi relationship
			‘Not so free’ in using SNS
			Anxiety and tiredness
			Entertainment and self-choice
			New desire
			Peer surveillance and the impasse of trust
		Conclusion
		References
	19 On manual bots and being human on Twitter
		Automation and bots
		Marking and the manual bot
		The bot as critique identity
		Of bot accounts and parody accounts
		The bot as carnival, or, the growing pains of posthumanity
		Conclusion
		Acknowledgments
		Notes
		References
	20 Keitai in Japan
		Introduction: a unique but global phenomenon
		The role of young users and ambivalent discourses
		The emergence of mobile internet and techno-nationalism
		The rise of ‘neo-digital natives’
		The preference for asynchronous and literary communication
		Mobile literary creativity: a case of keitai shosetsu
		Gendered creativity: the internet vs. mobile internet
		Conclusion: cultural relocation of technological gadgets
		Acknowledgment
		Note
		References
	21 Character goods, cheerfulness and cuteness
		The problem: how to describe visual atmospherics
		Public space as mass media: contouring subjectivity unawareness
		Imaginary spaces
		Consumutopian spaces as socializing agents: how they order  public space
		The creatures of cheerfulness and cuteness: character goods
			The virtual world of Hello Kitty
		The ubiquity of cuteness
		The messages of the medium of space: authority cuteness
			Corporate-deployed cuteness
			State-deployed cheerfulness and cuteness
		Resistance consumerism
		Conclusion: the productivity of space
		Acknowledgments
		Notes
		References
	22 Nature, media and the future
		Introduction
			Establishing shot: ecocide in progress
			Long shot: what other fields are contributing
			Medium shot: what the humanities are contributing
			Best shot: what media, communication and culture studies are contributing
		Three close-ups: technologies of survival?
			Close-up 1: How can a media society respond to environmental emergencies?
				Unnatural disasters
				Real conspiracies and conspiracy theories
				Opportunities and dangers
			Close-up 2: Can environmental reporting and eco-media contribute to sustainability?
				News values vs. the environment
				Framing (out) the environment
				(Mostly) grey newsroom practices
				Greening news media
				Greening politics and culture
				Ecomedia literacy
				What green media and ecomedia literacy can (and cannot) accomplish
			Close-up 3: Can popular culture make society greener?
				Anthropocentrism: bête noire of eco-communication
				Uses and abuses of zoo- and anthropomorphism
				Nature as culture in traditional Japan
				Contemporary culture: technophilia and biophilia
				Anime and animism
				Ecological crisis in Nauscicaa of the Valley of the Winds
				Human–non-human relationships in My Neighbor Totoro
				Environmental ideologies in Princess Mononoke
				The environmentalist mindprint and consumerist footprint of eco-anime
		Closing shot: media studies for survival
		Notes
		References
Part V Japanese media and the global
	23 Cultural policy, cross-border dialogue and cultural diversity
		Pop culture diplomacy to creative industries
		Soft power to nation branding
		Engaging with cross-border dialogue?
		Fostering cultural exchange and cultural diversity?
		Re-orienting cultural policy
		Notes
		References
	24 I hate you, no I love you
		Prologue
		A story of the manhwa generation
		Nostalgia for the happiest time of life
		Ambivalence toward Japanese culture
		Japan, still closer than the West
		Epilogue
		Notes
		References
	25 Remade by Inter-Asia
		Introduction
		Japanese drama and the Inter-Asian TV format trade
		Adaptation networks in East Asia
		The after-life of Nozawa Hisashi: IP negotiation and adaptations  in Japan and South Korea
			Negotiating marital stories IPs in precarious networks
		A Chinese remake and remediation of a Japanese classic
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	26 Anime’s distribution worlds: Formal and information distribution in the analogue and digital eras
		Approaching anime distribution
		From analogue to digital: anime’s worlds in the world
		From DVD to streaming: power fluctuations in the interactions between formal distributors and fan activism
		Conclusions: anime’s expanding and contracting worlds
		Note
		References
Conclusion: Final reflections on the Japanese media’s global voyage
	References
Index