Routledge Handbook of Islam in Africa

Cover
Endorsement
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Figures
Contributors
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
	Introduction
	Islam in Africa
	The Study of Islam in Africa – and the Muslim World
	African Islam?
	Overview of Chapters
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
Part I Formation of Islam in Africa: Islamic Scholarship, Literature, and Sufism
	2 The “Traveling Scholar” in African Islamic Traditions: Local, Regional, and Global Worlds
		Setting the Stage: Locating the Traveling Scholar
			Onstage: the Traveling Scholar in Academic Literature
			Backstage: the Traveling Scholar in the African Islamic Tradition
		Coming From the Outside
			Into Africa in Modernity: Professional Travelers
		Seekers, Preachers, and Pilgrims – and the Muhajirun
			Local and Regional Travelers
			Exit Stage: the Muhajirun
			Devotional Journeys: the Hajj and Ziyara/Mawlid
				The Reformist Traveler of the Twentieth Century
		A Note On Female Scholarly Travelers
		Conclusion
		References
	3 An Overview of Islamic Literature in Africa: Local and Global Interactions
		Introduction
		“The Gates of China”
		Ajami – Expressions of the Faith in Vernacular Languages
		The Age of Steam and Print
		African Islamic Literature: an Assessment
		Notes
		References
	4 Pathways and Formations of “African Sufism”
		Pathways to Sufism in Africa
		Sufism and Jihad
		Contexts
		Connecting Chains
		Fissionary Tendencies in Senegal
		Holy Families in the Sudan
		Transmission of Knowledge
		The European Impact
		What Is African About African Sufism?
		Conclusion
		References
Part II Dynamics of Religious Infrastructure
	5 A Historiography of Sub-Saharan African Mosques: From Colonialism to Modernity
		Introduction
		Geocultural Spheres
		Sub-Saharan West Africa
			Mali’s Millennial Mud Mosques
			A Style of Its Own: Senegal’s Heterogeneous Mosques
			The Colonial Mosques of Saint Louis and Dakar
			Tuba: Spiritual Capital of the Murids
		East Africa and the Horn
			From Massawa to Mogadishu
		The Minaret in East and West Africa
		Cementification, Transposition, and Transformation of Modernity
		Notes
		References
	6 Sufi Shrines as Material Space
		Introduction
		Defining Shines in an Islamic Context
		History and Distribution of Sufi Shrines in Sub-Saharan Africa
		Functions, Activities, and Personnel
		The Built Configuration of Sufi Shrines
		Sufi Shrine-Towns
		Conclusion
		Note
		References
	7 The Qur’an School and Trajectories of Islamic Education
		The Classical Tradition in Africa
		Colonial Transformations
		Modernizing Islamic Education in Postcolonial Africa
		Conclusions
		Notes
		References
Part III Islam and African Intersections
	8 Muslim–Christian Relations in Africa: Tracing Transformations On the Ground and in a Growing Field of Study
		Introduction
		Ancient Religious History, Historicist Religious Thinking
		European and African Christian Missionaries and Muslims
		Nigeria’s Religious Tensions and the State in Postcolonial Africa
		Beyond the State: Religious Interaction as Practice
		Conclusion
		References
	9 Islam and the Question of Gender
		Introduction
		Islam as Monolith Versus Islam as Dynamic Tradition
		Marginal Women, Stigmatized Practices
		Women’s Authority in Sufi Communities
		Women and Islamic Reform
		Pious Masculinities and Everyday Islam
		Sexual and Gender Variance
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
Part IV Islam, Politics, and Reform
	10 Islam and Politics in Africa: Politics Within and Without the State
		Islam and Politics in African History
			Precolonial Period
			Islam Under Colonialism
			Islam and Politics in the Postcolonial Period
		New Lines of Inquiry
		Notes
		References
	11 Jihadism in Africa
		Introduction
		Key Similarities Between African Jihadist Movements
		How Should Jihadism Be Studied?
			The Terrorological Approach
			The Area Studies/localized Approach
			The Comparative Political Science Approach
		Areas in Need of Further Research
			Jihadists’ Internal Organizational Structures and Modes of Operation
			Jihadists and Borderland Political Economies
			State-jihadist Relations and Conspiracy Theories as Social Facts
			Jihadists’ Ideological Production Beyond Arabic
			Jihadist Religiosity
			Jihadism and Women
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
12 African Salafism
	Introduction
	Salafism and Current Research
	African Salafism and African Agency
	The Quest for Religious Purity
	Salafism and Politics
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
Part V Patterns of Islamic Reform in Africa
	13 Dynamics of Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa
		Introduction
		On Definition and Terminology
		The Problem of Dichotomous Representations of Movements of Reform
		Doctrinal Distinction, Symbolic Distantiation, Social Separation, and Spatial Segregation
		Temporal and Structural Disjunctures
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	14 Fayda-Tijaniyya and Islamic Reform in Twentieth- and Twenty-First-Century Africa
		Introduction
		The Tijaniyya in the Context of the Tariqat Muhammadiyya of the Eighteenth Century
		Sheikh Ibrahim Niasse and the Fayda Tijaniyya
		Spiritual Authority and the Globalization of the Fayda Community
		The Fayda Community’s Search for Gender Parity
		The Reproduction of Indigenous Political Structures in Fayda Communities
		A Sufi Aesthetic Turn?
			Aesthetic Productions and Consumption as Spiritual Gifts (Hadaaya)
			Iconoclastic Visual Images
			Social Media
		Sufi–Salafi Coexistence
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	15 Reform in the Discourse of Islam and the Making of Muslim Subjects
		Introduction
		The Study of Islamic Reform
		Tajdid in the Discourse of Islam
		Reform in Colonial Contexts
		Reform in Post-Colonial Times
		Conclusion
		References
Part VI Everyday Muslim Life: Practice of Piety and New Muslim Subjects
	16 People’s Quest for Well-Being: Tracing Islamic Healing Practices in Africa
		Prologue: Malam Hussein
		Introduction
		Framing Islamic Healing Practices in Africa
			“African Islam”
			Symbols and People’s Beliefs
		People’s Quest for Well-Being
			Well-being and Health
				Lafiya
		(Il)Legitimate Practices? Debating Islamic Healing Practices in a Zongo
			Struggles for Hegemony: Islamic Groups and Healing Practices
			Debating Islamic Healing Practices: Central Issues
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	17 Islam, Muslim Life-Worlds, and Matters of the Everyday
		Introduction
		Muslim Societies: Religion and the World
		Worldly Islam – Living Islam
		The Social and Conceptual Presence of Jinn
		Compliance and Contestation of Oral and Performative Communication
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	18 Muslim Youth and Lived Experiences of Islam
		Introduction
		Islam and Education
		Muslim Youth and Islamic Reform
		Youth Activism in Sufi, Charismatic, and Shi’i Movements
		Jihadism: a Youth Revolt?
		Marriage, Family, and Sexualities
		Muslim Youth Social and Economic Initiatives
		Conclusion
		References
Part VII New Technologies and New Connectiveness
	19 Popular Culture in Muslim Africa
		Introduction
		Debates About Popular Culture in Muslim Africa
		In the Mix: New Technologies, New Expressions, New Resistance
		Writing the Rites to Right the Wrongs: Dissent, Islam, and Literary Discourse
		Music as Popular Culture in Muslim Africa
		Invisible Visibilities – Visuality, Film, and Gender in Muslim Africa
		Conclusions
		References
	20 Media, the Digital, and New Connections
		Introduction
		Conceptual and Terminological Matters
		“Islam And/as Media”: an Overview
		Media Appropriations as a Continuous Process
		Media-related Dynamics in Plural Religious Settings
		Globalizing Muslim Media Engagements
		Conclusion
		References
	21 Beyond the Invisible Muslims Label: The Building of African Muslim Diasporic Communities in the West
		Introduction
		The Make-Up of the African Muslim Diaspora
		Invisibility and Remnants of “Islam Noir”
		African Muslim Voices in Global Islam
		Place Making and the Building of Satellite Communities
		Conclusion
		References
Index