Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Pakistan

Routledge handbook of contemporary Pakistan- Front Cover
Routledge handbook of contemporary Pakistan
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
List of figures and tables
	Figures
	Tables
List of contributors
Acknowledgements
Introduction
	Foundations and identity
	Politics and institutions
	Economy and development
	Social issues
	Islam and Islamization
	Military and jihad
	External relations and security
	Conclusion
	Note
	Bibliography
PART I:
Foundations and identity
Chapter 1: Escaping India: Pakistan’s search for identity
	Constructing an identity
	The origins and idea of Pakistan
	Partition and the idea of parity
	The idea of Pakistan
	Notes
	Bibliography
Chapter 2: Pashtunistan: postcolonial imaginaries along borderlands, 1947–57
	The fate of the Khudai Khidmatgars
	Autonomy and the Tribal Areas
	Decolonization, space, and authority
	Postcoloniality and the frontier
	Notes
	Bibliography
Chapter 3: Religion, ethnicity and violence in Pakistan
	Islamists politics: desire for purity
	Ethnic politics: search for autonomy
	The interplay of religion and ethnicity
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 4: Jinnah’s Pakistan: debating the nature of the state, 1947–49
	Introduction
	Jinnah before the independence of Pakistan
	Jinnah after August 15, 1947
	Jinnah and the August 11, 1947, speech
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 5: The encounter with modernity in the rural and tribal areas of
Pakistan in Pakistani English fiction
	Zulfikar Ghose: predatory capitalism in rural Punjab
	Bapsi Sidhwa: in the name of honor
	Nadeem Aslam: the politicization of faith
	Daniyal Mueenuddin: the power of zamindars and middle men
	Jamil Ahmad: tribal tales
	Uzma Aslam Khan: among the nomads
	Notes
	Bibliography
Chapter 6: Cricket − what unites us
	Establishing the legend
	The turning point
	How cricket won the pop-culture race
	The holy alliance
	Bigger than an olive branch
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
PART II:
Politics and institutions
Chapter 7: Talk the talk: why parties walk and matter (even in Pakistan)
	Introduction
	Ideology and structure
	Pakistani independence
	The modern Muslim leagues
	Bibliography
Chapter 8: A Weberian perspective on the nature of the state in Pakistan
	The usefulness of the concept of the “overdeveloped state”
	War-making and state-making
	The use of Islam in Pakistan’s war-making strategies
	The informalization of violence
	Restoring state power
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Bibliography
Chapter 9: Profit, protest and power: bazaar politics in urban Pakistan
	Politics of patronage
	Urban reality
	Processes of political embedding
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 10: Judiciary in crisis: judicial politics in Pakistan
	Introduction
	A short overview of the structure of the bar and the bench in Pakistan
	Putting the house in order
	The district judiciary
	They rise or sink together; dwarfed or god-like, bond or free’ (Lord Alfred Tennyson, ‘The Princess’)
	The popular judiciary
	‘From heroes to hoodlums’ (A. Ahmed, 2013)
	Reasons for change in bar–bench relations
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 11: Pakistan’s patchwork of high court justice
	An introduction to the high courts
	International and domestic law
	Environmental law
	Gender rights
	Digital rights
	Blasphemy prosecutions
	Terrorism
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Bibliography
PART III:
Economy and development
Chapter 12: Pakistan’s elite capture and the state of insecurity
	Introduction
	Starting from scratch
	Governance – hostage to the ruling elites
	Pakistan’s elite capture
	Tax evasion
	A skewed taxation regime
	Bank loan write-offs
	Feudal rural elites and socio-economic stagnation
	Epilogue
	Notes
	Bibliography
Chapter 13: From chaos to building a secure, sustainable energy future
	History of energy in Pakistan
	Review of the energy policy
	Power policy overview
	Hydrocarbon policy
	The power sector of Pakistan
	Power sector
	Oil and gas sector
	Energy supply and consumption
	Issues and challenges
	Conclusion and the way forward
	Note
	Bibliography
Chapter 14: Pakistan, the United States and the Bretton Woods Institutions:
a continuing Great Game?
	Introduction: the issues
	Increased economic dependency and the Pakistan–US relationship
	A succession of failed IMF programs—habitual broken promises and too important to fail!
	Conclusion and prognosis
	Notes
	Bibliography
Chapter 15: The banking and financial sector of Pakistan
	Introduction
	Banking in Pakistan: the early years, growth, nationalization, and (almost) downfall
	Current state of the Pakistani banking system
	Some major structural issues
	Islamic banking in Pakistan
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Bibliography
PART IV:
Social issues
Chapter 16: Dissimilar histories: history curricula in government and elite
Pakistani schools
	Comparing the two curricula
	Jihad, Islam, and Islamization
	1971 – taking the blame
	The United States
	Religious minorities
	Terrorism
	Different attitudes
	Discussion and implications
	Notes
	Bibliography
Chapter 17: Pakistan’s philanthropic education alternative
	Introduction
	Background
	Philanthropic education alternatives
	The effects of philanthropic schools in Pakistan
	Issues – a particular focus on teachers
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Bibliography
Chapter 18: Sanctioning subordination? The politics of gender laws promulgation
and reform in Pakistan
	Introduction
	Existing explanations
	Defining the key concepts
	Case overview
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Bibliography
PART V:
Islam and Islamization
Chapter 19: Explaining support for sectarian terrorism in Pakistan: piety,
maslak and sharia
	Introduction
	Sectarian and other violence in Pakistan: the role of the Sipah-e-Sahaba-e-Pakistan
	The extent of the problem
	Literature review and hypotheses
	Data and research methods
	Discussion of regression results
	Conclusions and implications
	Acknowledgements
	Notes
	Bibliography
Chapter 20: Pakistan’s descent into religious intolerance
	Demography, state and religion
	Ideological state
	Militarism and national identity
	A fresh start?
	Islamization
	Global jihad
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Bibliography
Chapter 21: Competing visions of women’s rights in Pakistan: state, civil society
and Islamist groups
	The state’s vision of women’s rights in Pakistan
	Civil society and Islamist groups’ vision of women’s rights in Pakistan
	Notes
	Bibliography
PART VI:
Military and jihad
Chapter 22: W(h)ither Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde?
	Bibliography
Chapter 23: Rules for the double game
	Existing methods of categorization
	More than a double game
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Bibliography
Chapter 24: Violent non-state actors in the Afghanistan−Pakistan relationship:
historical context and future prospects
	Pakistan’s creation and Pashtunistan
	Pashtunistan in the Afghanistan–Pakistan relationship
	The enduring impact of the Afghan–Soviet war
	The civil war and the Taliban’s rise
	The post-9/11 era and the future of Afghanistan–Pakistan relations
	Note
	Bibliography
Chapter 25: The other Pakistan: understanding the military−jihadi complex
	Introduction
	Central idea
	Defining a complex
	What is the MJC? Can it be described as a complex?
	What keeps this complex afloat?
	Why does the MJC exist?
	What is the relationship of the MJC with the external world?
	Operating dynamics of the MJC
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Bibliography
PART VII:
External relations and security
Chapter 26: India as a factor in Pakistan’s policy
	Current scenario
	The issues
	The “lesser disputes”
	Trade
	Balancing with alliances
	Bibliography
Chapter 27: The Afghanistan−Pakistan conundrum: history and a likely future
scenario with a focus on the Pashtun areas
	Introduction
	The KKT, Pakistan and Afghanistan
	Afghanistan–Pakistan relations: pre-9/11
	Afghanistan–Pakistan: post-9/11
	The Pashtun ethnicity: its history and peculiarities with regard to state formation
	Future and Likely Scenario
	Notes
	Bibliography
Chapter 28: Iran and Pakistan: a case of keeping a distance
	Once very close friends
	The coming of the Ayatollahs
	Sectarianism and Afghanistan
	Relations in the post-Taliban era
	Note
	Bibliography
Chapter 29: Saudizing Pakistan: how Pakistan is changing and what this means for
South Asia and the world
	The Kingdom’s best friends
	Shoot the bustards
	Pak-Saud history
	The first priority
	Saudizing education
	The cost of Saudization
	The Pak-Saudi military nexus
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 30: Pakistan and the United States: strategic partnership, discordant goals
	The Cold War and America’s “most allied ally” in Asia
	General Zia and the Russian invasion of Afghanistan
	9/11 and the War on Terror
	Looking ahead: living with different objectives
	Notes
	Bibliography
Chapter 31: Pakistan and the One Belt, One Road initiative: prospects for the
China−Pakistan Economic Corridor
	China and Pakistan: foundations
	Drivers of the CPEC
	OBOR and the CPEC in motion
	Prospects for the CPEC
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Glossary
Index