Rome in the Ancient World

Cover (Ancient Rome 3E)
Front Matter
	Title Page
	Copyright
	Contents
	Preface
	Introduction
Chapter 1
	The Formation of the Roman Identity (800–350 BC)
	Timeline
	The First Roman Communities
		The Roman Story of Early Roman History
		Earliest Rome
		Early Political Structures
	The Domestic and Intellectual
World of Early Rome
		Definitions
		Life Expectancy, Marriage, and Values
		Religion: Family and State
		Religion and Foreign Relations
	Rome in the Sixth Century BC
		The Servian Constitution
		Kings and Magistrates
	The Emergence of the Roman Republic
		Patricians and Plebeians
		The Twelve Tables
		The Licinian–Sextian Laws
		Roman Society in the Fourth Century
	Summary
Chapter 2
	War and Empire (350–133 BC)
		Timeline
		Rome and the Latins
			The Cassian Treaty
			The Relationship with the Latins after 337 bc
			The Doctrine of Decisive Victory
		The Wars of the Third Century BC
			The First Punic War
			The Second Punic War
		Why Did Rome Fight?
			The Militarism of the Third Century BC
			Technical Prowess
		The Empire: Patrons and Clients
			Provinces
			Patronage
			Taxes
		The Wars of the Second Century BC
			The Defeat of the
Macedonian Kingdoms
			The “New Wisdom” of Empire
			The Empire in 133 BC
		The Consequences of Empire
			Culture
			Cato the Elder
			Italy and the Empire
			Slavery
		Summary
Chapter 3
	The Failure of the Roman Republic (133–59 BC)
		Timeline
		The Gracchi (133–121 BC)
			Tiberius Gracchus
			Gaius Gracchus
			The Defeat of Gaius Gracchus
		Popular Sovereignty and Senatorial
Control (121–100 BC)
			The Suppression of Popular
Sovereignty
			The End of Senatorial Dominance
			The Restoration of Popular
Sovereignty
		The Age of Sulla (100–78 BC)
			The War with the Italians
			Livius Drusus and the Outbreak
of the Social War
			The Social War and the
Transformation of the
Roman Republic
			Sulla: The Reactionary
Revolutionary
			The Return of Sulla
		Life after Sulla (78–59 BC)
			The Professionalization
of the Roman Army
			Changing the Legions
			Land Settlements for Veterans
			Spartacus, Pirates, and Mithridates
			Pompey
			Cicero and Caesar
		Summary
Chapter 4
	The Transition from Republic to Principate (59 BC–AD 70)
		Timeline
		Explaining the Change
		The Domination of Caesar (59–44 BC)
			Culture in the Age of Caesar
			Catullus
			Caesar and Pompey
			The Road to the Rubicon
			The Civil War and the
Dictatorship of Caesar
		Octavianus and Antony (44–31 BC)
			Caesar’s Heir (44–43 BC)
			The Era of the Triumvirs (43–31 BC)
			Actium
			The Fall of the Republic
		The House of Augustus (31 BC–AD 14)
			The Creation of a New Order
			The Consolidation of the Principate
			Augustus and Roman Culture
			The Succession (12 BC–AD 14)
			Changing the Structures of Government
			The Empire at the Death of Augustus
		Eccentric Stability: The Successors
to Augustus (AD 14–69)
			Tiberius (r. AD 14–37)
			Caligula (r. AD 37–41)
			Claudius (r. AD 41–54)
			Nero (r. AD 54–68)
			The Year of the Four Emperors (AD 69)
		Summary
Chapter 5
	The Age of Stability (AD 70–238)
		Timeline
		New Dynasties (AD 70–180)
			The Flavians (AD 70–96)
			Nerva, Trajan, and Hadrian (AD 96–138)
			Hadrian (r. AD 117–138)
			The Antonines (r. AD 138–180)
		Imperial Culture
			The Contemporaries of Tacitus
			Statius, Lucan, and the New Style
of Roman Epic
			Martial and Petronius
			Private Life
			Spectacle and Culture
			Religion and Culture
		Running the Roman Empire
			Emperors and Their Officials
			Emperors and Their Subjects
			Provincial Government
			Taxes and Trade
			The Roman Army
		An Age of Rust and Iron (AD 180–238)
			Commodus (r. AD 180–192)
			Septimius Severus (AD 193–211)
			Caracalla: Citizenship and
Assassination (AD 211–217)
			Macrinus, Elagabalus, Alexander,
and the End of the Dynasty (AD 217–35)
			Maximinus and the Civil War of AD 238
		Summary
Chapter 6
	The Transformation of the Roman World (AD 238–410)
		Timeline
		Third-Century Crises (AD 238–70)
			Bureaucrats and Emperors
			New Enemies?
			Barbarian Ascendancy (AD 238–70)
		The Restoration of the Empire (AD 270–305)
			Aurelian and His Successors (AD 270–84)
			Diocletian (r. AD 284–305)
			New Emperors
			Internal Reform
		Constantine and His Empire (AD 306–37)
			The Rise to Power (AD 306–12)
			The Conversion of Constantine (AD 312)
			Licinius (AD 313–24)
			Constantine and the Empire (AD 324–37)
		The Struggle for Control (AD 337–410)
			Constantius II and Julian (AD 337–63)
			Magnentius and Gallus
			Julian the Apostate
			Bureacratic Backlash and
Barbarian Invasion (AD 363–95)
			Emperors and Their Courts:
A New Balance of Power
			Goths and Huns
			Stilicho and Alaric (AD 395–410)
		Summary
Chapter 7
	The Endings of the Roman Empire (AD 410–642)
		Timeline
		Barbarians and Emperors from
Alaric to Geiseric (AD 410–77)
		Eastern Emperors and Western Kings from
Theodosius II to Justinian (AD 408–527)
			Race and Religion
		The Vision of Justinian (AD 527–65)
			New Law Codes
			War and Rebellion
		The World of Heraclius and
Umar (AD 565–642)
			The Great Persian War
			Islam
		Economic and Social Changes
			Western Europe
			North Africa and Italy
			Central Europe
			The Eastern Provinces
		Explaining Decline
		Summary
Glossary
Recommended Reading
Sources of Illustrations
Index