Rodent Transplant Medicine

Foreword
Acknowledgments
Contents
Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Rodent Transplantation Medicine
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Advantages of Microsurgical Training in the Laboratory
	1.3 Availability of Knockout Rat for Transplant Research
	1.4 Tolerability of Different Transplant Organs
	1.5 Vascularized Versus Nonvascularized Grafts
	1.6 Comparison Between Mouse and Rat Transplant Models
	1.7 Different Combinations of Rodents for Transplant Models
	References
Chapter 2: T-Cell Costimulatory Molecules
	2.1 The Ig Superfamily Costimulatory Molecules
		2.1.1 CD28/CTLA-4/B7 Pathways
		2.1.2 ICOS/B7h Pathway
		2.1.3 PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 Pathways
		2.1.4 BTLA and CD160 Pathways
			2.1.4.1 The TNF-TNFR Superfamily Costimulatory Molecules
		2.1.5 CD40/CD154 Pathway
		2.1.6 OX40/OX40L Pathway
			2.1.6.1 4-1BB/4-1BBL Pathway
		2.1.7 CD27/CD70 Pathway
		2.1.8 CD30/CD30L Pathway
		2.1.9 GITR/GITRL Pathway
		2.1.10 HVEM/LIGHT Pathway
	2.2 The TIM Family Costimulatory Molecules
	2.3 Costimulatory Control of T Regulatory Cells
	2.4 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 3: Age in Rodent Organ Transplantation
	3.1 Introduction of Clinical Observation on the Role of Age in Transplantation
	3.2 Experimental Studies for Underlying Mechanism
	3.3 Relationship Between Age and Alloimmune Responses
	3.4 Role of Senescence of Graft
	3.5 Synergistic Effect of Donor Age and Prolonged Cold/Warm Ischemia Time
	3.6 Conclusive Remarks
	References
Chapter 4: Role of Gender in Animal Transplantation
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Underlying Mechanism of the Effect of Gender Impairing on Transplant Rejection
	4.3 Conclusive Remarks
	References
Chapter 5: Role of Body Weight/Functioning Mass of Graft in Rodent Transplantation
	5.1 The Difference of Growth Curves Between Rat and Mouse
	5.2 Clinical Observation of a Significance of Body Mass Index (BMI)
	5.3 Experimental Findings on the Role of Donor Organ Weight or Body Weight
	5.4 Underlying Mechanisms for the Effect of Body Weight/Functioning Mass of Graft
	References
Chapter 6: Illustration of Laboratory Facilities and Microsurgical Instruments
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Animal Training Program
	6.3 Certificate of Animal Training Program
	6.4 Anesthetics
	6.5 Microsurgical Instruments
		6.5.1 Operating Microscope
		6.5.2 Bipolar Coagulator
		6.5.3 Low-Temperature Cautery
		6.5.4 Rodent Operating Board
		6.5.5 Dual Clasping Stainless Steel Sterilization Container
		6.5.6 Angiocatheter and Bent 30-Gauge Needle
		6.5.7 Retractors
		6.5.8 Microvascular Clamps
		6.5.9 Curved Needle Holder
		6.5.10 Microclip Vessel Applier with Lock
		6.5.11 Sterile Swab (Cotton Fioc) and Gauze
		6.5.12 Microsurgical Scissor and Microdissecting Forceps Fine Point
		6.5.13 Needle and Sutures
		6.5.14 6-0 Silk
		6.5.15 Surgifoam
		6.5.16 Autoclip Wound Clip Applier (9 mm)
		6.5.17 Circulating Water Heating Pad and Pump
		6.5.18 Metabolic Cage
	References
Chapter 7: Organ Preservation
	7.1 Rat Kidney Transplantation
	7.2 Rat Liver Transplantation
	7.3 Mouse Heart Transplantation
	7.4 Mouse Kidney Transplantation
	7.5 Mouse Liver Transplantation
	References
Chapter 8: Rat Kidney Transplantation
	8.1 Rat Kidney Transplant Models
	8.2 Animals
	8.3 Anesthesia
	8.4 Donor Surgery
	8.5 Recipient Surgery
	8.6 Vascular Anastomosis
	8.7 Reperfusion
	8.8 Ureter Anastomosis
	8.9 Postoperative Care
	8.10 Graft Assessment
	8.11 Discussion
	References
Chapter 9: Rat Orthotopic Liver Transplantation
	9.1 Animal
	9.2 Anesthetization
	9.3 Donor Procedure
	9.4 Donor Back Table Procedure
	9.5 Recipient Procedure
	9.6 Discussion
	9.7 Selection for Recipient and Donor
	9.8 Narcotic Control and Choice
	9.9 Donor Liver Surgery and Back Table Procedure
	9.10 Receptors Surgery
	References
Chapter 10: Mouse Skin Transplantation
	10.1 Special Surgical Tool
		10.1.1 Preservation Solution
	10.2 Surgical Procedure
		10.2.1 Donor Surgery
			10.2.1.1 Trunk Skin Surgery
			10.2.1.2 Tail Skin Procurement
			10.2.1.3 Ear Skin Surgery
		10.2.2 Recipient Surgery
			10.2.2.1 Suture Technique
			10.2.2.2 Tissue Adhesive Technique (TAT)
	10.3 Dressing After Surgery
	10.4 Disbandagement
	10.5 Observation of Graft Survival
	10.6 Histological Evaluation of Skin Graft
	10.7 Analgesic
	10.8 Admission of Graft for Analysis
	10.9 Discussion
	References
Chapter 11: Mouse Heterotopic Abdominal Heart Transplant Model
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Mice
	11.3 Surgical Instruments
	11.4 Anesthetic
	11.5 Storage Solution for Donor Organ
	11.6 Mouse Abdominal Heart Transplant Model
		11.6.1 Donor Heart Preparation
	11.7 Recipient Surgery
	11.8 Arteriotomy and Venotomy
	11.9 Vascular Reconstruction
	11.10 Postoperative Care
	11.11 Postoperative Analgesia
	11.12 Graft Assessment
	11.13 Admission Standard of Transplanted Recipients
	11.14 Discussion
	References
Chapter 12: Mouse Heterotopic Cervical Heart Transplant Model
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Donor Surgery
	12.3 Recipient Operation
	12.4 Discussion
	12.5 Mouse Cervical Heart Transplant Model with Cuff Technique
		12.5.1 Materials and Methods
			12.5.1.1 Animal
			12.5.1.2 Donor Procedure
			12.5.1.3 Recipient Procedure
		12.5.2 Discussion
	References
Chapter 13: Mouse Kidney Transplantation
	13.1 Animals
	13.2 Special Surgical Instruments
	13.3 Preparation of the Surgeon
	13.4 Anesthesia
	13.5 Donor Surgery
		13.5.1 Cold Ischemia
		13.5.2 Warm Ischemia
	13.6 Recipient Surgery
		13.6.1 Urethral Reconstruction
	13.7 Postoperative Care
		13.7.1 Body Temperature
		13.7.2 Antibiotics
		13.7.3 Analgesic
	13.8 Nephrectomy for the Recipient’s Native Kidney
	13.9 Admission Standard of Transplanted Recipients
	13.10 Graft Assessment
	13.11 Histological Analysis
	13.12 Discussion
	References
Chapter 14: Mouse Liver Transplantation
	14.1 Surgical Procedure
	14.2 Donor
	14.3 Back Table
	14.4 Recipient
	14.5 Tips and Pitfalls
	14.6 Complications and Rejection
	14.7 Arterialization
	References
Chapter 15: Retinal Stem Cell Transplantation for Rat
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Animal
	15.3 Methods
	References
Chapter 16: Islet Transplantation in Mice
	16.1 Establishment of Mice Models of Diabetes Mellitus
		16.1.1 Main Reagents and Preparation Methods
		16.1.2 Establishment of Mice Models
	16.2 Isolation of Mouse Islets
		16.2.1 Main Reagents and Preparation Methods
		16.2.2 Isolation of Mouse Islets
		16.2.3 Purification of Mouse Islets
		16.2.4 Identification of Islet Cells
		16.2.5 Functional Testing of Islet Cells
	16.3 Allogeneic Islet Cell Transplantation in Mice
		16.3.1 Transplantation of Islet Cells Under the Renal Capsule in Mice
		16.3.2 Blood Glucose Monitoring After Islet Transplantation
		16.3.3 Statistical Analysis
	16.4 Results
	16.5 Discussions
	References
Chapter 17: Mouse Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
	17.1 Recipients and Donors
		17.1.1 Recipient Mice
		17.1.2 Donors
	17.2 Conditioning Recipient Mice
		17.2.1 Conditioning with TBI
		17.2.2 Conditioning with Non-TBI Regimen
	17.3 Harvesting HSCs from Donors
		17.3.1 Harvesting HSCs from Adult Mice
		17.3.2 Harvesting HSCs from Embryonic Mice
		17.3.3 Harvesting HSCs from the Human Body
	17.4 Route for HSC Transplantation
	17.5 Assessment After HSC Transplantation
	References
Appendix
	Record of Experiments
	Treatment
		Animal Surgical Record
	Daily Clinic Observation
	Daily Clinic Observation
	Daily Clinic Observation
	Euthanasia Record
Index