Roark’s Formulas for Stress and Strain

Front Matter......Page 2
Table of Contents......Page 4
List of Tables......Page 7
Preface to the First Edition......Page 11
Preface to the Seventh Edition......Page 9
Part I. Introduction......Page 13
1.2 State Properties, Units, and Conversions......Page 14
1.3 Contents......Page 17
Part II. Facts; Principles; Methods......Page 18
2.1 Stress......Page 19
2.2 Strain and the Stress ΠStrain Relations......Page 23
2.3 Stress Transformations......Page 27
2.5 Reference......Page 42
3.1 Methods of Loading......Page 45
3.2 Elasticity; Proportionality of Stress and Strain......Page 47
3.3 Factors Affecting Elastic Properties......Page 48
3.5 Plasticity......Page 49
3.6 Creep and Rupture under Long-Time Loading......Page 50
3.7 Criteria of Elastic Failure and of Rupture......Page 51
3.8 Fatigue......Page 56
3.9 Brittle Fracture......Page 61
3.10 Stress Concentration......Page 62
3.11 Effect of Form and Scale on Strength; Rupture Factor......Page 64
3.12 Prestressing......Page 66
3.13 Elastic Stability......Page 68
3.14 References......Page 69
4.1 Equations of Motion and of Equilibrium......Page 72
4.4 Method of Consistent Deformations (Strain Compatibility)......Page 73
4.5 Principles and Methods Involving Strain Energy......Page 74
4.6 Dimensional Analysis......Page 76
4.7 Remarks on the Use of Formulas......Page 78
4.8 References......Page 79
5.1 The Finite Difference Method......Page 81
5.2 The Finite Element Method......Page 82
5.3 The Boundary Element Method......Page 85
5.4 References......Page 86
6. Experimental Methods......Page 88
6.1 Measurement Techniques......Page 89
6.2 Electrical Resistance Strain Gages......Page 94
6.4 Analogies......Page 107
6.5 Tables......Page 109
6.6 References......Page 112
Part III. Formulas and Examples......Page 114
7.1 Bar under Axial Tension (or Compression); Common Case......Page 115
7.2 Bar under Tension (or Compression); Special Cases......Page 117
7.3 Composite Members......Page 120
7.4 Trusses......Page 122
7.5 Body under Pure Shear Stress......Page 125
7.7 Combined Stress......Page 127
8.1 Straight Beam (Common Case) Elastically Stressed......Page 131
8.2 Composite Beam and Bimetallic Strips......Page 143
8.3 Three-Moment Equation......Page 146
8.4 Rigid Frames......Page 147
8.5 Beams on Elastic Foundations......Page 153
8.6 Deformation Due to the Elasticity of Fixed Supports......Page 158
8.7 Beams under Simultaneous Axial and Transverse Loading......Page 159
8.8 Beams of Variable Section......Page 164
8.9 Slotted Beams......Page 171
8.10 Beam of Relatively Great Depth......Page 172
8.11 Beam of Relatively Great Width......Page 175
8.12 Beam with Wide Flanges; Shear Lag......Page 179
8.13 Beam with Very Thin Webs......Page 181
8.14 Beam Not Loaded in Plane of Symmetry; Flexural Center......Page 183
8.15 Straight Uniform Beams (Common Case); Ultimate Strength......Page 185
8.16 Plastic, or Ultimate Strength, Design......Page 190
8.17 Tables......Page 195
8.18 References......Page 269
9.1 Bending in the Plane of the Curve......Page 273
9.2 Deflection of Curved Beams......Page 281
9.3 Circular Rings and Arches......Page 291
9.4 Elliptical Rings......Page 301
9.5 Curved Beams Loaded Normal to Plane of Curvature......Page 303
9.6 Tables......Page 310
9.7 References......Page 385
10.1 Straight Bars of Uniform Circular Section under Pure Torsion......Page 387
10.2 Bars of Noncircular Uniform Section under Pure Torsion......Page 388
10.3 Effect of End Constraint......Page 395
10.4 Effect of Longitudinal Stresses......Page 402
10.5 Ultimate Strength of Bars in Torsion......Page 403
10.6 Torsion of Curved Bars; Helical Springs......Page 404
10.7 Tables......Page 407
10.8 References......Page 432
11.1 Common Case......Page 433
11.2 Bending of Uniform-Thickness Plates with Circular Boundaries......Page 434
11.3 Circular-Plate Deflection due to Shear......Page 439
11.4 Bimetallic Plates......Page 441
11.6 Circular Plates on Elastic Foundations......Page 445
11.7 Circular Plates of Variable Thickness......Page 447
11.8 Disk Springs......Page 449
11.9 Narrow Ring under Distributed Torque about Its Axis......Page 450
11.10 Bending of Uniform-Thickness Plates with Straight Boundaries......Page 452
11.11 Effect of Large Deflection; Diaphragm Stresses......Page 454
11.12 Plastic Analysis of Plates......Page 457
11.13 Ultimate Strength......Page 459
11.14 Tables......Page 461
11.15 References......Page 527
12.1 Columns; Common Case......Page 531
12.2 Local Buckling......Page 535
12.3 Strength of Latticed Columns......Page 541
12.4 Eccentric Loading; Initial Curvature......Page 543
12.5 Columns under Combined Compression and Bending......Page 546
12.6 Thin Plates with Stiffeners......Page 548
12.7 Short Prisms under Eccentric Loading......Page 550
12.8 Tables......Page 554
12.9 References......Page 558
13.1 Circumstances and General State of Stress......Page 559
13.2 Thin Shells of Revolution under Distributed Loadings Producing Membrane Stresses Only......Page 560
13.3 Thin Shells of Revolution under Concentrated or Discontinuous Loadings Producing Bending and Membrane Stresses......Page 563
13.4 Thin Multielement Shells of Revolution......Page 578
13.5 Thin Shells of Revolution under External Pressure......Page 591
13.6 Thick Shells of Revolution......Page 593
13.7 Pipe on Supports at Intervals......Page 595
13.8 Tables......Page 598
13.9 References......Page 692
14.1 Stress due to Pressure between Elastic Bodies......Page 695
14.2 Rivets and Riveted Joints......Page 701
14.3 Miscellaneous Cases......Page 704
14.4 Tables......Page 708
14.5 References......Page 712
15.1 General Considerations......Page 714
15.2 Buckling of Bars......Page 715
15.3 Buckling of Flat and Curved Plates......Page 718
15.4 Buckling of Shells......Page 719
15.5 Tables......Page 723
15.6 References......Page 744
16.2 Body in a Known State of Motion......Page 748
16.3 Impact and Sudden Loading......Page 757
16.4 Impact and Sudden Loading; Approximate Formulas......Page 760
16.6 Temperature Stresses......Page 763
16.7 Tables......Page 770
16.8 References......Page 774
17. Stress Concentration Factors......Page 775
17.1 Static Stress and Strain Concentration Factors......Page 776
17.2 Stress Concentration Reduction Methods......Page 780
17.3 Table......Page 785
17.4 References......Page 799
Appendix A: Properties of a Plane Area......Page 802
Appendix B: Glossary: Definations......Page 816
Appendix C. Composite Materials......Page 830
C.1 Composite Materials......Page 831
C.2 Laminated Composite Materials......Page 832
C.3 Laminated Composite Structures......Page 840
C.4 References......Page 843
B......Page 844
C......Page 845
E......Page 847
G......Page 848
M......Page 849
P......Page 850
S......Page 851
T......Page 853
Z......Page 854