Risk Assessment: A Practical Guide to Assessing Operational Risks

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Risk Assessments: Their Significance
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 What Is a Risk Assessment?
		1.2.1 Approach Taken at the ASSP
		1.2.2 ASSP Risk Assessment Committee
		1.2.3 The Goals
		1.2.4 Core Risk-Related Competencies
		1.2.5 Risk Assessment Education
	1.3 Risk Assessment Methods
	1.4 The ANSI/ASSP Z690 – 2011 Series
	1.5 ANSI B11.0 – 2020: Safety of Machinery
	1.6 Risk Scoring Systems
	1.7 European Union – Risk Assessment
	1.8 OSHA Requirements
	1.9 EPA Requirements
	1.10 The Chemical Industry – The Extensive Body of Information
	1.11 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 2 Risk Assessment Standards and Definitions
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Risk Assessments and the Safety Professional
	2.3 Key Standards Requiring Risk Assessments
	2.4 OSHA Compliance and Risk Assessments
		2.4.1 1910.132, Personal Protective Equipment Standard
		2.4.2 1910.119, Process Safety Management Standard
		2.4.3 Other OSHA Standards
	2.5 Consensus Standards Requiring Risk Assessment
	2.6 ANSI Z10.0
	2.7 ISO 45001
	2.8 ISO 31000 and ISO 31010
	2.9 ANSI/ASSP Z590.3, Prevention Through Design
	2.10 ANSI B11.0 Machine Safety
	2.11 NFPA 70E
	2.12 MIL-STD-882E, 11 May 2012, Department of Defense Standard Practice, System Safety
	2.13 Key Terms and Definitions
	2.14 Summary
	Review Questions
	References
Chapter 3 Risk Assessment Fundamentals
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Risk Assessment Within the Risk Management Process
	3.3 Risk Assessments and Operational Risk Management Systems
	3.4 The Purpose of Assessing Risk
	3.5 The Risk Assessment Process
	3.6 Risk Criteria
	3.7 Establishing Context
	3.8 The Risk Assessment Team
	3.9 Risk Identification
	3.10 Risk Analysis
		3.10.1 Consequence Analysis
		3.10.2 Likelihood Analysis
		3.10.3 Assessment of Controls
	3.11 Risk Evaluation
	3.12 Risk Treatment
	3.13 Communication
	3.14 Documentation
	3.15 Monitoring and Continuous Improvement
	3.16 Summary
	Review Questions
	References
Chapter 4 Defining Risk Assessment Criteria
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Defining Risk Criteria
	4.3 Risk Scoring Systems
	4.4 Risk Assessment Matrices
	4.5 Defining Risk Values
	4.6 Risk Factors
	4.7 Risk Levels
	4.8 Risk Scoring
	4.9 Severity of Consequence
	4.10 Likelihood of Occurrence
	4.11 Exposure
	4.12 Risk Reduction and the Hierarchy of Controls
		4.12.1 Using a Protection Factor
	4.13 Acceptable and Unacceptable Risk Levels
	4.14 Documenting Risk
	4.15 Communicating Risk Criteria
	4.16 Summary
	Review Questions
	References
	Appendix A  A. Risk Matrix (adapted/modified from ANSI Z10)
Chapter 5 Fundamental Techniques
	5.1 Introduction to Fundamental Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment
	5.2 Assessments Within an Operational Risk Management System
	5.3 Hazard Analysis vs. Risk Assessment
	5.4 The Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment Process
	5.5 Fundamental Methods
	5.6 Informal Methods
	5.7 Formal Methods
		5.7.1 Fundamental Hazard Analysis
		5.7.2 Pre-Task Hazard Analysis
		5.7.3 Job Hazard Analysis
		5.7.4 Fundamental Risk Assessment
		5.7.5 Job Risk Assessment
	5.8 Conclusion
	Review Questions
	References
	Appendix B Common Hazards and Descriptions
	Appendix C  Personal Protective Equipment Hazard Assessment Form Example
Chapter 6 Preliminary Hazard and Risk Analysis
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Preliminary Hazard List
	6.3 PHAs and Their Application
	6.4 The Control of Hazardous Energy
	6.5 Fundamental System Safety Tenets
	6.6 Conducting a Preliminary Hazard and Risk Analysis (PHRA)
	6.7 Scoring Systems
	6.8 Practical Application
	6.9 Summary
	Review Questions
	References
	Practical Example
Chapter 7 “What-if” Analysis Methods
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Traditional What-if Methods
	7.3 Application of What-if Analysis
	7.4 Process Steps for What-if Analysis
	7.5 Introduction to the Structured What-if Risk Assessment (SWIFRA)
	7.6 Severity of Injury or Harm
	7.7 Case Study – SWIFRA of Chemical Release Event
	7.8 CSB Investigation Summary
	7.9 Analyzing the Case Study
	7.10 Conclusion
	Review Questions
	References
Chapter 8 Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Purpose and Use
	8.3 Defining Failure Modes
	8.4 Risk Description Considerations
	8.5 FMEA Process Steps
	8.6 Practical Application
	8.7 Summary
	Review Questions
	References
Chapter 9 Bow-Tie Analysis Methodology
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 History
	9.3 Overview
		9.3.1 Fault Tree Analysis
		9.3.2 Event Tree Analysis
		9.3.3 Bow-Tie Methodology
	9.4 Practical Application
		9.4.1 Case Study #1 – Spray Paint Operation
		9.4.2 Case Study #2 – Bhopal Disaster
	9.5 Summary
	Review Questions
	References
Chapter 10 Layers of Control Analysis
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Strategies for Reducing Operational Risk
	10.3 Hierarchy of Risk Treatment
	10.4 Developing a Risk Treatment Plan
	10.5 The Concept of Layers of Protection
	10.6 Analyzing Layers of Control
	10.7 Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA)
	10.8 LOMA
		10.8.1 Case Study #1 – The Bhopal Tragedy
	10.9 Barrier Analysis
	10.10 Layers of Control Analysis (LOCA)
	10.11 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 11 Prevention Through Design (PtD) and Design Safety Reviews
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 The Concept of Prevention Through Design (PtD)
	11.3 PtD Definitions
	11.4 Risk Assessment Process and the PtD Model
	11.5 Challenges and Obstacles to Overcome
	11.6 Standards Requiring Design Safety
	11.7 The Review of Designs
	11.8 Hazardous Energy Control
	11.9 Ergonomic Review of Designs
	11.10 Design Review Process
	11.11 Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment in Design
	11.12 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 12 Industrial Hygiene Risk Assessment
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Fundamental Concepts
	12.3 US Navy Industrial Hygiene Field Operations Manual
	12.4 Alternate Health Risk Ranking Systems
	12.5 More Complex Occupational Hygiene Risk Assessment Tools
	12.6 Health Risk Assessments and Prioritization
	12.7 Modified HRR/IH FMEA Methodology
	12.8 Case Study
		12.8.1 Sampling
		12.8.2 Results
	12.9 Control Banding Nanotool
	12.10 Dermal RA
	12.11 Occupational Health Risk and PtD Process Alignment
	12.12 Summary
	Review Questions
	References
Chapter 13 Machine Risk Assessments
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Machine Safety Standards
		13.2.1 The B11 Standards
	13.3 Machine Hazards
	13.4 Machine Safeguarding
		13.4.1 Machine Safety Control Systems
	13.5 Selecting Machines for Assessment
	13.6 Risk Assessment of Machines
	13.7 Estimating Risk
	13.8 Case Study
	13.9 Assessment of Machine Maintenance and Service
	13.10 Summary
	Appendix A Machine Safeguards Methods (Adapted from OSHA)
	References
Chapter 14 Project-Oriented Risk Assessments
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Fatalities and Serious Incidents
	14.3 Error Traps in Nonroutine Tasks
	14.4 Management of Change
	14.5 Construction Project Work
	14.6 Construction Project Risk Assessment
	14.7 Safe Work Methods
	14.8 Pre-Task Hazard Analysis
	14.9 The Use of Checklists
	14.10 Maintenance and Service Work
	14.11 Operating Hazard Analysis
	14.12 Analyzing Specific Hazards
	14.13 Pre-Entry Hazard Analysis
	14.14 Fall Hazard Assessment
	14.15 Summary
	Review Questions
	References
Chapter 15 Food Processing Risk Assessments
	15.1 Overview
	15.2 Introduction to Food Risk
	15.3 Risk Assessment Techniques in the Food Industry
	15.4 Food Safety-Related Hazards
	15.5 Techniques for Assessing Food Risk
	15.6 HACCP
	15.7 Integration of Risk Assessment Methods
	15.8 PtD and HACCP Integration
	15.9 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 16 Ergonomic Risk Assessment
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Ergonomics and Design
	16.3 Ergonomic Hazards
	16.4 Ergonomic Risk Factors
	16.5 Establishing an Ergonomics Assessment Process
	16.6 Assessing Ergonomic Risk
	16.7 Ergonomics Improvement Process
		16.7.1 Identify Jobs
		16.7.2 Assessment Tools
		16.7.3 Assessment Team
		16.7.4 Performing the Assessments
		16.7.5 Identifying Corrective Measures
		16.7.6 Implementing Measures
		16.7.7 Verify and Refine
		16.7.8 Communicate Results
	16.8 Ergonomic Risk Assessment Tool (ERAT) – A Practical Assessment Tool
		16.8.1 ERAT Example – Pork Processing Belly Grader
		16.8.2 ERAT Initial Assessment Scores
		16.8.3 Ergonomics Risk Controls Selection and Implementation
		16.8.4 Post-Control Assessment
	16.9 Conclusion
	Review Questions
	Appendix A Sample Ergonomic Responsibilities for Involved Stakeholders
	Appendix B Sample Ergonomics Training for Involved Stakeholders
	Appendix C Ergonomic Risk Assessment Tool (ERAT) – Initial Assessment
	Appendix D Ergonomic Risk Assessment Tool (ERAT) – Post Control Assessment
	Appendix E Hierarchy of Ergonomic Risk Controls
	References
Chapter 17 Assessing Operational Risks at an Organizational Level
	17.1 Introduction
	17.2 Risks to an Organization
	17.3 Organizational Risk Management
	17.4 Key Terms in Organizational Risk
	17.5 Assessing Organizational Risk
	17.6 Summary
	Review Questions
	References
Chapter 18 Risk Assessment Applications in Lean Six Sigma and Environmental Management Systems
	18.1 Introduction
	18.2 Environmental Management Systems (EMSs)
	18.3 ISO 14001 Implementation
	18.4 Environmental Policy and Planning
	18.5 Environmental Aspects
		18.5.1 Purpose
	18.6 Identify Environmental Aspects
	18.7 Identification Process
	18.8 Location, Department, Index, Aspect
	18.9 Impacts to Environmental Properties
	18.10 Impact Subtotal and Polarity Adjustment
	18.11 Impact Severity
	18.12 Impact Probability
	18.13 Frequency
	18.14 Legal Risks
	18.15 Current Controls
	18.16 Significance Score for Significance Scores without Controls Section
	18.17 Personnel Risk
	18.18 Significance Scores with Controls Section
	18.19 Overall Significance Rating Chart
	18.20 EMS and Implementation of Lean Six Sigma Practices
		18.20.1 Case Study
	18.21 Conclusions
	Review Questions
	References
Chapter 19 Business Continuity Plan
	19.1 Introduction
	19.2 Business Continuity Management
	19.3 Emergency Action Plans
	19.4 Disaster Recovery Plans
	19.5 Crisis Management Plans
	19.6 Business Continuity Plans
	19.7 Business Continuity Planning and Risk Assessment
	19.8 Select BCP Team
	19.9 Define Context, Purpose, Scope
	19.10 Define Terminology
	19.11 Critical Function Assessment
	19.12 Threat Assessment
	19.13 Business Impact Analysis (BIA)
	19.14 Identify Hazards and Risk
		19.14.1 Natural Hazards
		19.14.2 Human-Caused Hazards
		19.14.3 Technological Hazards
	19.15 Develop BCP
	References
Chapter 20 Communicate Risk
	20.1 Introduction
	20.2 Communicating Risk
	20.3 Key Practices
	20.4 Risk-Based Information and Decision-making
	20.5 Assessing and Communicating Risk
	20.6 Case Study
	20.7 Conclusions
	References
Index
EULA