Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics (25th Anniversary Edition)

CONTENTS......Page 8
Foreword to the 25th Anniversary Edition......Page 10
Acknowledgments......Page 14
1. Introduction......Page 18
2. Moral Agents and Moral Subjects......Page 29
3. Formal Conditions for Valid Moral Principles......Page 40
4. Material Conditions for Valid Moral Principles: The Context of Human Ethics......Page 48
5. The Structural Symmetry between Human Ethics and Environmental Ethics......Page 56
6. Biology and Ethics......Page 62
7. A Note on the Ethics of the Bioculture......Page 68
1. Introduction......Page 74
2. The Concept of the Good of a Being......Page 75
3. The Concept of Inherent Worth......Page 86
4. Having and Expressing the Attitude of Respect for Nature......Page 95
5. Respect for Nature as an Ultimate Attitude......Page 105
1. The Biocentric Outlook and the Attitude of Respect for Nature......Page 114
2. Humans as Members of the Earth\'s Community of Life......Page 116
3. The Natural World as a System of Interdependence......Page 131
4. Individual Organisms as Teleological Centers of Life......Page 134
5. The Denial of Human Superiority......Page 144
6. The Argument for the Biocentric Outlook......Page 171
1. The Basic Rules of Conduct......Page 184
2. Priority Principles......Page 207
3. The Basic Standards of Virtue......Page 213
1. Legal Rights and Moral Rights......Page 234
2. Analysis of the Assertion of Moral Rights......Page 241
3. The Defeasibility of Rights......Page 256
4. Is it Logically Conceivable for Animals and/or Plants to Have Moral Rights?......Page 260
5. A Modified Concept of Moral Rights......Page 266
1. The General Problem of Competing Claims......Page 271
2. Human Rights and the Inherent Worth of Nonhumans......Page 275
3. Five Priority Principles for the Fair Resolution of Conflicting Claims......Page 278
a. The Principle of Self-Defense......Page 279
b. The Principle of Proportionality......Page 284
c. The Principle of Minimum Wrong......Page 295
d. The Principle of Distributive Justice......Page 306
e. The Principle of Restitutive Justice......Page 319
4. The Ethical Ideal of Harmony between Human Civilization and Nature......Page 322
5. The Normative Function of the Ethical Ideal......Page 325
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 330
INDEX......Page 340