Reservoir simulation and well interference parent-child, multilateral well and fracture interactions

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright Page......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 13
Acknowledgements......Page 17
 Additional questions raised.......Page 19
 Problem identified.......Page 20
 Is a Frac Hit Model Possible?......Page 23
 1.1 References.......Page 25
 2.1 Governing Equations and Numerical Formulation.......Page 27
  Difference equation formulation.......Page 28
  The iterative scheme.......Page 30
  Modeling well constraints for liquids.......Page 31
  Steady and unsteady nonlinear gas flows.......Page 33
  Steady gas flows.......Page 34
  Well constraints for gas flows.......Page 36
  Transient, compressible flows.......Page 37
  Compaction, consolidation and subsidence.......Page 40
  Boundary conforming grids.......Page 41
  Stratigraphic meshes for layered media.......Page 42
  Modeling wellbore storage.......Page 43
 2.2 References.......Page 45
 Deficiencies affecting all simulators.......Page 46
 3.1 Rectangular versus Curvilinear Coordinates.......Page 47
  Aerodynamic analogies.......Page 51
  3.3.1 Airfoil and three-dimensional wing flows.......Page 53
  3.3.2 Two dimensional planar reservoir flows.......Page 54
  Well constraints, pressures and rates, kh products.......Page 58
  Upscaling methods and averaging.......Page 59
  Matrix solvers and numerical inversion.......Page 60
  Grid density.......Page 61
  Simulator design philosophy.......Page 62
 3.5 References.......Page 63
 4.1 A Simple Example – Steady Flow Parent-Child Well and Fracture Interactions.......Page 64
  More interesting calculations.......Page 65
  Closing remarks.......Page 71
  Reference Example A.......Page 72
  Reference Example B.......Page 75
  Run 1 – Two wells, different pressure constraints, homogeneous medium.......Page 77
  Run 2 – Two wells, identical pressure constraints in homogeneous isotropic medium.......Page 99
  Run 3 – Return to Run 1 well constraints, with Wells 1 and 2 joined using uniform fracture.......Page 102
  Run 4 – Incomplete fracture penetration at Well 1.......Page 109
 4.4 References.......Page 114
 5.1 Horizontal or Multilateral Wells Intersected by General Hydraulic Fractures in Fully Transient Flow.......Page 115
  Run 1.......Page 117
  Runs 2, 3 and 4.......Page 119
  5.2.1 Run 1. No fractures along vertical-to-horizontal well (for reference baseline comparisons).......Page 123
  5.2.2 Run 2. Horizontal well intersected by a single hydraulic fracture.......Page 160
  5.2.3 Run 3. Horizontal well intersecting two fracture planes.......Page 165
  5.2.4 Run 4. Horizontal well intersecting three fractures.......Page 167
  Run 5......Page 171
  Run 6......Page 173
 5.3 References.......Page 175
  6.1.1 Basic optimization problems.......Page 176
  6.1.2 Reservoir flow simulation versus statistical modeling approaches.......Page 178
  6.1.3 Cube model set-up and computed results.......Page 179
  6.1.4 Reservoir optimization and cost effectiveness.......Page 184
  6.1.5 Closing remarks.......Page 186
  6.1.6 References.......Page 187
 6.2 Detailed Software Analysis.......Page 188
 6.3 A More Optimal Production Method.......Page 215
 6.4 References.......Page 218
 7.1 Declining Production with Horizontal Lateral Solution.......Page 219
 7.2 Detailed Software Analysis.......Page 225
 7.3 References.......Page 254
Chapter 8 Simulating While Drilling – Adding a Complicated Multilateral Well During Transient Production from a Vertical......Page 255
 8.1 Vertical and Subsequent Mulilateral Neighboring Well.......Page 256
 8.2 Detailed Software Analysis.......Page 261
 8.3 References.......Page 282
Chapter 9 Heterogeneous, Anisotropic, Layered Reservoir with Finite Tilted Fracture Plane Produced by Multilateral Wells......Page 283
 9.1 Five Comparative Production Scenarios.......Page 284
  Run 1. Uniform isotropic reservoir (base reference).......Page 285
  Run 2. Effect of high permeability fracture on Run 1.......Page 290
  Run 3. Highly heterogeneous three layer reservoir, isotropic flow within each sub-domain, no fracture planes.......Page 292
  Run 4. Effect of anisotropy on Run 1 (again, uniform kx, ky, with kz 50% smaller), no fractures.......Page 294
  Run 5. Nonlinear gas flows, results compared with Run 1 liquid baseline, assuming uniform kx, ky and kz, no fractures.......Page 296
  Closing remarks.......Page 297
 9.2 Detailed Software Analysis.......Page 298
  Layered geological description.......Page 299
  Software caution.......Page 301
  Layered drilling description.......Page 305
  Layer results and flow decline curves.......Page 318
  Run 2. Effect of high permeability fracture on Run 1.......Page 326
  Run 3. Highly heterogeneous three layer reservoir, isotropic flow within each sub-domain, no fracture planes.......Page 330
  Run 4. Effect of anisotropy on Run 1 (again, uniform kx, ky, with kz 50% smaller), no fractures.......Page 334
  Run 5. Nonlinear gas flows, results compared with Run 1 liquid baseline, assuming uniform kx, ky and kz, no fractures.......Page 339
 9.4 References.......Page 346
Chapter 10 Advanced Reservoir Modeling with Multisim......Page 347
  Additional Simulator Features......Page 348
   Formation Testing Suite......Page 349
   Grant of License......Page 350
   Description of Other Rights and Limitations......Page 351
   Limitation of Liability......Page 352
   End of EULA......Page 353
Chapter Cumulative References......Page 354
Index......Page 369
About the Authors – Wilson C. Chin......Page 377
About the Authors – Xiaoying Zhuang......Page 394
EULA......Page 396