Research on Preparing Inservice Teachers to Work Effectively with Emergent Bilinguals

Research on Preparing Inservice Teachers to Work Effectively with Emergent Bilinguals
Copyright page
Contents
List of Contributors
Introduction
	References
Section I: Developing Teachers’ Understandings of Effective Practices for Emergent Bilinguals
	Joining the Team: A Study of Unintentional Professional Development
		Introduction
		Situated Context
		Professional Development
		Purpose
		Significance
		Methodology
		We Become a Team
			Methods
				Research Question
				Curriculum Planning – Situated Planning
				Participants
				Data Collection
				Data Analysis
			Findings
				Expanding Academic Language Conception/Situated Meaning
				Hybrid Language
				Development of 5 R Instructional Model
		Expanding the Team
			Methods
				Research Questions
				Participants
				Data Collection
				Data Analysis
			Findings
				Professional Development as Side-by-Side Teaching and Learning
				Curriculum Integration
				Change in Classroom Practice
					Word Walls
					Trade Books
					Writing
			Discussion of Both Studies
				Our Growth
				Situated Meaning
				Hybrid Language
				5 R Instructional Model
				Teachers’ Growth
					Professional Development as Side-by-side Teaching and Learning
				Curriculum Integration
				Changes in Classroom Practice
					Word Walls
					Trade Books
					Writing
		Limitations with Recommendations
		Acknowledgments
		References
	The Power of Culturally Relevant Texts: What Teachers Learn about Their Emergent Bilingual Students
		Purpose
		Significance
		Literature Review
			Reading Engagement and Culturally Relevant Texts
		Connecting ELLs to Culturally Relevant Texts
			Guidelines for Text Selection
			What Makes a Text Culturally Relevant?
		The Study
			Setting and Participants
			Data Generation
			Data Analysis
		Findings
			Students Made Connections and Were More Engaged with Culturally Relevant Texts
			The Rubric Was Helpful for Understanding Cultural Relevance and Selecting These Texts
			Few Culturally Relevant Books Available
			Getting to Know Students
		Practical Implications and Recommendations
		Limitations
		Conclusion
		References
	Promoting Exploratory Talk with Emergent Bilinguals
		Background
		Purpose and Significance
		Approach
		Research Methodology
			Exploratory Talk
		Exploratory Talk Project
			Reading the Illustrations
			Taking Literature through Ada’s Four Phases of Creative Dialogue
			Findings
		The Projects Transformed Practice
		Teachers Learned about Students’ Ability to Interpret Texts
		Implications
		Limitations
		Conclusion
		References
	Teachers’ Understanding of Practice: Planning and Implementing Preview/View/Review in the Dual Language Classroom
		Purpose and Significance
			Preview/View/Review as a Pedagogical Structure
		Participants and Setting
		Literature Review
			Constructivist Lens
			Translanguaging Lens
		Methodology
			Data Collection
			Data Analysis
		Findings
			Planning as Key for Lesson Delivery
				Purpose for Planning P/V/R
				A Constructivist Approach to Planning for P/V/R
				Challenges of Planning
					Time
					Lack of Resources in Spanish
			Implementing P/V/R as a Tool for Learning Language and Content
				Language Development and Language Transfer
					Vocabulary Acquisition in the Content Areas
					Cognates
					Literacy Tasks
				Content Learning through Scaffolded Instruction
				Student Engagement with Learning through P/V/R
		Summary of Findings for Each Research Question
			Summary of Findings for Research Question 1
			Summary of Findings for Research Question 2
		Practical Implications and Recommendations
			Implications
			Recommendations
		Limitations
		References
	Mainstream Teachers in Two-Way Immersion Programs: Becoming Content and Language Teachers
		Introduction
		Purpose
		Research Questions
		Significance
		Two-Way Immersion Program Context
		Setting and Participants
		Literature Review
			Content and Language Teaching
			Supporting Content and Language Teaching
			Linguistic Challenges in Teaching Language and Content
			Language Objectives
		Methodology
			Data Sources
		Data Analysis
		Findings
			What Is Academic Language?
			Language Development through Language Objectives
			Incorporating Language Objectives
		Discussion
		Practical Implications and Recommendations for Teacher Educators
		Limitations
		References
	Freedom within Structure: Practices for Teacher Sustainability, Efficacy, and Emergent Bilingual Student Success
		Introduction
		Purpose
		Significance
		Setting and Participants
		Literature Review
			Cultural Context
			Approaches and Strategies for Emergent Bilinguals’ Success
		The Goal Spiral
		Methodology
			Data Collection
			Data Analysis
		Findings
			Pedagogy That Engages Students
			Joy in Teaching
		Practical Implications and Recommendations for Teacher Educators
		Limitations of the Study
		Conclusions
			How Did This Self-Study Inform Me as a Teacher Educator?
		References
		Appendix
			Questionnaire
	An Art of Being in between: The Promise of Hybrid Language Practices
		Introduction: Encountering Hybrid Language Practices
		Purpose and Significance
		Setting, Participants, and Data Collection
		Literature Review
		Methodology and Limitations of the Study
		Analysis and Findings: What Are Hybrid Language Practices Good for?
		Practical Implications and Recommendations: Cultivating Linguistic Community
		Conclusion
		References
		Appendix: Transcription Conventions
Section II: Analysis and Critique of University and Public School Policy and Practice for Teaching Emergent Bilinguals
	Reshaping the Mainstream Education Climate through Bilingual-Bicultural Education
		Introduction
			Purpose
		The Current Education Climate: A Literature Review
			Changing Face of P-12 Classrooms
			Gaps in Teacher Preparation
		The Study
			Method
			Data Collection, Participants, and Analysis
			Setting
			The Bilingual-Bicultural Education Program
		Findings
		Practical Implications and Recommendations
		Limitations
		Conclusion
		References
	Why Didn’t Anyone Tell Me This Before?
		Introduction
		Purpose
		Significance
		Site-Based Certification Program
		Literature Review
			Professional Learning Communities (PLCs)
			Reflective Practices
			Action Research
		Methodology
			Theoretical Framework
			Research Design
			Study Instruments
			Data Collection
			Data Analysis Procedure
		Findings
			Survey
			Focus Group Interviews
			Individual Interviews
			Findings Corresponding to the Research Questions
		Summary of Findings
			Transforming Instructional Practices
			Transforming Perspectives about Other Languages and Cultures
			Transforming Confidence in Their Own Abilities
		Practical Implications and Recommendations for Teacher Educators
		Limitations of the Study
		Conclusion
		Acknowledgment
		References
	Empowering Language and Learning with Muslim Immigrant Youth
		Introduction
		Questions
		Significance
		Setting and Participants
		Literature Review
			Power and Immigrant Students
			Bilingual Education and Bilingual Programs
			Translanguaging
		Methodology
		Data Collection
		Data Analysis
		Limitations of the Study
		Findings
			Take It Upon Ourselves
				Photography and Language
				Online Resources
			Multiple Racisms
			Language and Power
			Art as a Tool for Language
				Social Maps
		Practical Implications and Recommendations
			From Multiple Racisms to Culturally Reflective and Respectful Teaching
			From Arts-Based Research to Pedagogical Implications
			From Taking It upon Ourselves to Encouraging Translanguaging
		References
	“We Only Teach in English”: An Examination of Bilingual-In-Name-Only Classrooms
		Introduction
		Purpose and Questions
		Significance
		Literature Review
		Setting and Participants
		Methodology
			Data Analysis
		Findings
			Monolingual Instructional Methods
			Monolingual Standardized Tests
			Monolingual Students in Bilingual Classrooms
			Monolingual Teachers
			Lack of Spanish Materials
			Lack of Professional Development in Bilingual Teaching
			English-Only Attitude
				Negative Views of Emergent Bilinguals
				Negative Views of Spanish
			Complications of Dual-language Bilingual
		Practical Implications and Recommendations
			Responding to Bilingual-in-Name-Only
		Future Research and Study Limitations
		Acknowledgments
		References
Afterword: The Big Ideas: Putting the Pieces Together
	What Is Reflection?
		Reflection Is How We Think and Learn More Deeply, which Makes Us Smarter
		Reflection Is Focused Deep Thinking on a Specific Experience
		Reflection Is When We Ask Ourselves: “What Can I Learn from This”
		Reflection Is When We Ask Ourselves: “What WAS my Role in All of This?”
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
About the Editors
About the Authors