Research and Innovation Forum 2022: Rupture, Resilience and Recovery in the Post-Covid World

Organization
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Contributors
Innovation and Technology Transfer: Developments and Issues
Data Security as a Top Priority in the Digital World: Preserve Data Value by Being Proactive and Thinking Security First
	1 Introduction
	2 Rationale of the Study
	3 CVE Security Vulnerability Database
		3.1 CVE Scope and Classification of the Vulnerabilities
		3.2 CVE Statistics of Most Popular Databases
	4 CVE Registry Versus IoTSE-Based Testing Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Design Thinking Innovation and Trends Foresighting
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Participants
		2.2 Knowledge Context
		2.3 Data Sources and Instruments
	3 Conceptual Framework, Design and Foresight
		3.1 Conceptual Notes Between Prediction and Forecasting
	4 Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Fake News and Threats to IoT—The Crucial Aspects of Cyberspace in the Times of Cyberwar
	1 Introduction
	2 The Current Vision of Cybersecurity
	3 The New Threat—Compromising IoT Devices
	4 Weaponizing Online Disinformation
	5 Conclusions
	References
Information Security Risk Awareness Survey of Non-governmental Organization in Saudi Arabia
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Framework
		2.1 Basic Concepts
		2.2 Related Work
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 Sampling
		3.2 Data Collection
		3.3 Ethical Consideration
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Descriptive Analysis
		4.2 Associations Between Variables
	5 Conclusion
	Appendix
		Appendix A: Survey Questions
	References
Digital Transformation in Tourism Ecosystems: What Impact on Sustainability and Innovation?
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background. Data-Driven Orientation, Innovation and Sustainability: What Link?
	3 Methodology
	4 Findings
		4.1 RQ1: Data-Driven Orientation in the STE
		4.2 RQ2: The Development of Innovation and Sustainability
	5 Conclusions
	References
Science, Technology and Innovation Policy in the USA During the Covid-19 Pandemic
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 The Position of the USA in Terms of Innovation in the Light of the Global Innovation Index 2021
	4 The STI Policy Measures Implemented in the USA During the Covid-19 Pandemic
	5 Conclusions
	References
An Application of Machine Learning in the Early Diagnosis of Meningitis
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Machine Learning Algorithms
	2 Orange Canvas
		2.1 Random Forest
		2.2 K-Nearest-Neighbors
		2.3 Logistic Regression
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research Development on Assistive Technology: A Network and Concept-Linking Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Data Collection and Descriptive Analysis
		2.2 Network Analysis
		2.3 Concept-Linking Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 Descriptive Analysis
		3.2 Network Analysis Results in Co-occurrence and Direct Citation
		3.3 Results About Concept-Linking Analysis by Year
	4 Conclusion
	References
Intelligent Screening from X-Ray Digital Images Based on Deep Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Techniques for Intelligent Screening
		2.1 Big Data
		2.2 Artificial Intelligence
	3 Combination Method Proposal
		3.1 Combination Method #1
		3.2 Combination Method #2
		3.3 Experiments
	4 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Addressing the Challenges of Biological Passport Through Blockchain Technology
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Athlete Biological Passport
		2.2 Overview of Blockchain
	3 Proposed Solution
	4 Implementation
		4.1 Implementation Requirements
		4.2 Participants
	5 Conclusions
	References
Impact of 5S Method in Apparel Industry
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Problem Statement
		1.2 Objectives
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Meaning and Definition
		2.2 Benefits of 5S Workplace Organization Technique
		2.3 Apparel Factory and Production Processes
	3 Methodology
	4 Results, Discussion and Proposed Action Plan
		4.1 Results
		4.2 Discussion
		4.3 Proposed Action Plan for Implementation of 5S in Apparel Industry
	5 Conclusion
	References
An Interactive Augmented Reality Tool to Enhance the Quality Inspection Process in Manufacturing—Pilot Study
	1 Introduction
	2 AR Software Design and Development
		2.1 Designing the AR Software
		2.2 Preparation of the Dataset
		2.3 AR Software Development
	3 Pilot Study: Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Power Quality Disturbances Classification Based on the Machine Learning Algorithms
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 The Power Quality Disturbance (PQD) Model
		3.2 The Segmentation
		3.3 The Classification
		3.4 The Cross Validation (CV)
		3.5 The Confusion Matrix
		3.6 The Evaluation Measures
	4 Empirical Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Smart Cities: Rupture and Resilience Building
Getting Things Right: Ontology and Epistemology in Smart Cities Research
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 The Smart City Debate and Its Metatheoretical Dimensions
	4 How to Explore the Smart City Performance? How to Get Things Right?
	5 Conclusions
	References
Livable City: Broadening the Smart City Paradigm, Insights from Saudi Arabia
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Research Question
		1.2 Research Hypotheses
		1.3 Research Methodology
	2 Smart City
		2.1 Smart City Definition and Background
		2.2 Saudi Arabia 2030 Vision a Path to Livable City
	3 Livable City
		3.1 Livability Definition
		3.2 Livability Rationale Indicators/Index
	4 Smart Cities: Creativity in Digital Solutions for a More Livable Future
	5 Saudi Arabia Unique Leading Ship of Smart Cities Development
		5.1 NEOM-Saudi Arabia's World-Leading Smart City
		5.2 NEOM Conceptual Pillars
	6 Smart City Paradigm, a New Feature for Smart Cities Through the Application of Livable City
	7 Conclusion
	References
Green Sustainable Urban Systems: The Case of Jeddah
	1 Introduction and Research Background
	2 Green City and Its Principles
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 The Proposed Saudi Green Assessment System for Cities
	5 Validation of the Proposed Saudi Green Rating System (SGRS)
		5.1 Experts’ Survey
		5.2 Case Study Analysis
		5.3 Final Proposed SGRS
	6 Conclusion
	Appendix 1: Questionnaire Results, by Authors
	Appendix 2: Final Proposed SGRS—Source Authors
	References
The Need for Green Software in Smart Cities
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Green Software Criteria
		3.2 How Green Are Smart Cities Dashboards?
	4 Conclusion
	References
Smart Mobility in Smart City: A Critical Review of the Emergence of the Concept. Focus on Saudi Arabia
	1 Introduction
	2 Smart Mobility
	3 Smart Mobility Technologies
	4 Smart Mobility History
	5 Smart Mobility Challenges
	6 Smart Mobility: The Case of Saudi Arabia
	7 Conclusion
	References
How About Value Chain in Smart Cities? Addressing Urban Business Model Innovation to Circularity
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
The Role of Social Platform in the Constitution of Smart Cities: A Systematic Literature Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Findings
		3.1 The Role of Social Media in Building Smart Cities
		3.2 Main Domains of Social Media Data
		3.3 Social Media Impact Within Smart Cities
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Smart Cities at Risk: Tech Breakthrough or Social Control. Chinese Case Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methods
	4 Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
COVID-19 and Smart City in the Context of Tourism: A Bibliometric Analysis Using VOSviewer Software
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Analysis and Findings
		3.1 Bibliometric Data
		3.2 Items for Analysis
		3.3 Publications by Author
		3.4 Publications by Journal
		3.5 Publications by Country
	4 Discussions and Conclusions
	5 Implications, Limitations and Future Research
	References
Augmented Reality (AR) for Urban Cultural Heritage Interpretation: A User Experience Evaluation
	1 Introduction
	2 The Role of Values Interpretation in Cultural Heritage Sites
	3 The Potential of Using AR for Heritage Sites Visiting Experience
		3.1 The Information Transferred by AR
		3.2 The Immersive Experience of AR as a Form of User-Site Interaction
		3.3 Active Engagement with the Memory
	4 The Pilot Study
		4.1 Model Development, Limitations, and Site Selection Criteria
		4.2 AR Simulation Tour Design and Location
		4.3 The Pilot Study Methodology and Technique
	5 Data Analysis
		5.1 Informative
		5.2 Interactive and Enjoyable
		5.3 Realistic and Intuitive
		5.4 Convenience
		5.5 Memorable
		5.6 Results Analysis and Findings
	6 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Protecting Video Streaming for Automatic Accident Notification in Smart Cities
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Smart Cities and Connected Vehicles
		1.2 Video Streaming for Automatic Accident Notification
		1.3 Related Work
	2 Simulation Framework
		2.1 Simulators
		2.2 VDSF-VN Framework
		2.3 Video Encoding
	3 Experiments and Results
		3.1 Background Network Traffic Conditions
		3.2 Encoding Modes and Number of Tiles Per Frame
		3.3 Protection of Video Packets
		3.4 Different Compression Rates
	4 Conclusions and Future Work
		4.1 Conclusions
		4.2 Future Work
	References
Creating a Smart Transit Option for a Car-Dependent City: The Case of Jeddah City
	1 Research Introduction
	2 Literature Review: The Concept of Transit-Oriented Developments
	3 The Case of Jeddah City
	4 The Empirical Case Study of Jeddah City
		4.1 Category#1: The Zone of Aubhor, Northen Jeddah City
		4.2 Category#2: The Zone of New Jeddah, Central Jeddah City
		4.3 Interviews of Primary Data Collection
		4.4 Study Guidelines Towards Creating TOD Networks in Jeddah City
	5 Conclusion
	References
Smart Urban Planning and Videogames: The Value of Virtualization as Prognosis of Urban Scenes
	1 Introduction
	2 Concepts and Relationships Videogame-Architecture
	3 Evolution of Videogames in Relation to Architecture
	4 Conclusions
	References
Al-Based Remoted Sensing Model for Sustainable Landcover Mapping and Monitoring in Smart City Context
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area and Dataset
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Spectral Signature Analysis
		3.2 AI-Based Landcover Classification
		3.3 Validation Site
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Landcover Map from 1999 and 2015 Landsat Images
		4.2 Accuracy Assessment
		4.3 Landcover Change from 1999 to 2015
	5 Concluding Remarks
	References
Education and Technology Enhanced Learning: The Post-Covid “New Normal”
Higher Education in the Face of Educational Paradigm Shifts–From Face-to-Face to Distance Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
	3 Essence, Concepts and Teaching Principles of Remote Education
	4 Selected Theories of Education in a Digital World
	5 Analysis of Test Results
	6 Conclusions
	References
Generic Competences in Higher Education After Covid-19 Pandemic
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Measurement of Variables
		3.2 Data Analysis
	4 Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Universities and Digital Skills’ Development in Colombia
	1 Introduction
	2 Digital Skills
	3 Digital Access in Colombia
	4 The Gender Gap as a Feature of the Digital Divide
	5 Methodology
	6 Results Analysis
		6.1 Basic Skills
		6.2 Intermediate Skills
		6.3 Advanced Skills
	7 Conclusions
	References
Addressing the Digital Divide in Online Education: Lessons to Be Drawn from Online Negotiation
	1 Introduction
	2 The Digital Versus Educational Divide
	3 Focused Speech
	4 Thorough Preparation
	5 Seamlessness
	6 Paper-Based Self-preparation
	7 Satisfaction and Marks of Appreciation
	8 Managing Rigidities
	9 Conclusion
	References
Preparing High School Teachers for Teaching STEM Online: Exploration in Senegal
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Background
	3 Research Methodology and Data Collection
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Participants
	4 Results
		4.1 Obstacles to STEM Online Teaching
		4.2 Jumpstarting STEM Online Teaching
		4.3 Teachers' Opinion about STEM Online Teaching
		4.4 Factors for Enabling STEM Online Teaching
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Predicting Academic Performance of Students from the Assessment Submission in Virtual Learning Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 Review on Student Academic Performance and Assessment
	3 Data and Methodology
	4 Experiments and Discussion
		4.1 Early Prediction of Students Academic Performance
		4.2 Course Level Student Academic Performance
	5 Conclusions and Implications
	References
Covid-19 and Quasi-Covid-19 Pandemic Vicariant Innovations in the Educational Context: Comparative Cases
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Theoretical Background
		2.2 Vicariant Innovation and Education
	3 Methodology
	4 Findings
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
More Than Virtual Reality: Tools, Methods and Approaches to Hotel Employee Training
	1 Introduction
	2 The Research Model: Immersive Technologies and Communication Skills
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Design-Based Research
		3.2 Description of the Educational Tool: The Virtual Hotel
		3.3 Three-Phase Training of Students in the Virtual Hotel
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Holocaust Education in Digital Media
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Holocaust Education in Digital Media
		3.1 Digital Commemoration
		3.2 Digital Mapping and Discovering Historical Sites Online
		3.3 Virtual Reality and Its Application in the Holocaust Education
		3.4 Testimonial Archives and Digital Storytelling of the Narrative of the Holocaust
	4 Conclusions
	References
Reinforcement Learning Through Gamification and Open Online Resources in Elementary School
	1 Introduction
	2 Objectives
	3 Platforms and Tools Analysis
	4 Proposal
	References
Minecraft as a Tool to Enhance Engagement in Higher Education
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Prior Experience
		4.2 Level of Satisfaction
		4.3 MC:EE for Teaching and Learning
		4.4 Tasks Difficulty Level
		4.5 Qualitative Feedback
	5 Analysis
	6 Further Discussions
	7 Conclusion
	References
Pre-service Teacher Training in an Immersive Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Business Sector Response to Covid-19: Strategic Recovery
Antifragility in Innovative Start-Ups: Resources, Relationships, People
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Analysis and Results
	4 Discussion of Results
	5 Conclusions and Recommendations
	References
Changing the Rules of the Game: The Role of Antifragility in the Survival of Innovative Start-Ups
	1 Introduction
	2 Antecedents of Antifragility in Start-Ups
		2.1 Capabilities to Enhance Antifragility
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Sources
		3.2 Calibration 
		3.3 Analysis of Necessary Conditions
		3.4 Analysis of Sufficient Conditions
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Digital Readiness and Resilience of Digitally Servitized Firms: A Business Model Innovation Perspective
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 DS, DR, and BMI
		2.2 OR and BMI
	3 Method
	4 Findings
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
How Startups Attained Resilience During Covid-19 Pandemic Through Pivoting: A Case Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Pivoting
	3 Methodology
	4 Case Study: Daleca
	5 Discussions and Conclusions
	References
Investigating the Role of Dynamic Capabilities and Organizational Design in Improving Decision-Making Processes in Data-Intensive Environments
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
		4.1 Decision Making
		4.2 Dynamic Capabilities
		4.3 Organizational Design
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Performance Measurement and Management Systems in Local Government Networks: Stimulating Resilience Through Dynamic Capabilities
	1 Introduction
	2 Dynamic Capabilities as a Conceptual Framework to Study
	3 Inter-municipal Collaboration and Resilient Governance
	4 PMMSs Within Inter-municipal Contexts
	5 Dynamic Resilient Governance to Improve PMMSs in Inter-municipal Contexts
	6 Concluding Remarks
	References
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Build SMEs’ Resilience Amid the Global Covid-19 Pandemic
	1 Background
	2 Research Gap
	3 AI-Related Readiness, Knowledge, and Skills
	4 External Impacts: Covid-19
	5 Contribution to Knowledge
	6 Limitations and Future Work
	References
Circular Economy Engagement in the Agri-Food Industry During the Covid-19: Evidence from the Twitter Debate
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review and Theoretical Background
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Data-Driven Management of Material Flows in Circular Economy by Logistics Optimization
	1 Introduction
	2 Optimizing Material Flows in Circular Economy
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
		4.1 Concept Case A: Optimizing Waste Transportation Routes
		4.2 Concept Case B: Regional Route Planning
		4.3 Concept Case C: Glass Waste Sourcing
		4.4 Concept Case D: Optimizing Locations for Waste Receiving Stations
	5 Discussion
	References
Sustainable Development in the Strategies of Polish Enterprises
	1 Introduction
	2 Sustainable Development of Enterprises: Analysis of the Literature on the Subject
	3 Analysis
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
The Role of Blockchain for Introducing Resilience in Insurance Domain: A Systematic Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Background
		3.1 Blockchain and Smart Contracts
		3.2 Insurance
	4 The Role of Blockchain for Enabling Resilience in the Insurance Domain
		4.1 Literature Review
		4.2 Implications of Blockchain for Insurance
	5 Conclusions
	References
Gig Economy Practices, Ecosystem, and Women’s Entrepreneurship: A Theoretical Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review and Theoretical Framework
		2.1 Entrepreneurship Ecosystem and Women’s Entrepreneurship
		2.2 Gig Economy and Women’s Entrepreneurship
	3 Conclusions
	References
Challenges of Agricultural Innovation Ecosystems—The Case Study of Central Europe’s First R&D Purpose Vertical Farm
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review and Conceptual Approach
		2.1 The Vertical Farm as an Agricultural Innovation
		2.2 The Triple Helix Innovation Ecosystem Model
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Results
		4.1 The Impact of Covid-19 on the Diffusion of Vertical Farms
		4.2 Identifying Business Models in the Vertical Agriculture Market (Porter’s Competitive Strategy Analysis)
		4.3 Practical Experience of the Agri-Innovation Ecosystem Led by Tungsram
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions and Further Research Implications
	References
Fresh Food Deliveries to Military Units During the COVID-19 Pandemic
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Framework
	3 Research Design and Methods
	4 Case and Findings
	5 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Evaluating the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Strategic Alignment Competences of Organizations: A Case Study in Logistics
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
		2.1 Research Approach
		2.2 Data Collection
		2.3 Interview Protocol
	3 Preliminary Data Analysis and Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Corporate Digital Identity Based on Blockchain
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Personal Digital Identity
		2.2 Corporative Digital Identity
		2.3 Findings of the Related Work
	3 Corporate Digital Identity Model
	4 Blockchain-Based Implementation
		4.1 About the Blockchain Used
		4.2 Implementation Details
	5 Conclusions
	References
Reverse Knowledge Transfer in Service Industry, Towards a New Taxonomy of Service Centers
	1 Introduction
	2 Reverse Knowledge Transfer
	3 Offshoring Evolution
	4 Reverse Knowledge Transfer in Offshore Service Centers
	5 Taxonomy of Offshore Service Centers
	6 Conclusions—Towards the New Taxonomy of Offshore Service Centers
	References
Integrating a Digital Platform Within Museum Ecosystem: A New ‘Phygital’ Experience Driving Sustainable Recovery
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Framework
		2.1 A Systemic Perspective
		2.2 The Digital Platform Eco-System
		2.3 The ‘Phygitalization’ of Retailing
	3 A New Shopping Experience in the Museum Ecosystem
	4 Conclusions
	References
Reifying Kintsugi Art in Post-covid Era: A Remote Smart Working Model, Augmented Intelligence-Based, for Antifragile Companies
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
		2.1 Antifragility
		2.2 Managing Ruptures by Searching for Viable Conditions: The Viable System Approach Perspective
	3 Digital Technologies as Kintsugi Art Gold in the Post Covid-19 Era
		3.1 AI to Foster a Remote Smart Working Model
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Managing Risks and Risk Assessment in Ergonomics—A Case Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Workplace Analysis
	4 Results
	5 Corrective Actions
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Senegalese Fashion Apparels Classification System Using Deep Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Fashion Datasets
		2.2 Transfer Learning
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Senegalese Fashion Dataset
		3.2 Data Preprocessing and Augmentation
		3.3 Model Architecture
		3.4 Experimentation
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Covid-19 and the Society: Resilience and Recovery
Digital Networks and Leadership Collaboration During Times of Uncertainty: An Exploration of Humanistic Leadership and Virtual Communities of Practice
	1 Introduction
	2 Post-covid-19 Leadership and Collaboration
		2.1 The Intersection of Humanistic Leadership and the VUCA Paradox
		2.2 Virtual Communities of Practice
	3 Method
	4 Results and Findings
	5 Discussion and Recommendations
	6 Conclusion
	References
Digital Divide and Entrepreneurial Orientation in the Global South: Quantifying and Explaining the Nexus
	1 Introduction
	2 The Research Model and Key Concepts Employed
		2.1 Digital Divide and Attitude Towards Technology
		2.2 Technology Adoption and Entrepreneurial Orientation
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Instruments and Measures
		3.2 Data Collection
	4 Findings
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Resilience Assessment in Times of Covid-19 in Ecuador
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Participants
		3.2 Procedure
		3.3 Instrument
		3.4 Reliability and Content Validity
	4 Results
	5 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Resources, the Environment and Energy Security: Unpacking the Challenge of Blackouts
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Environmental Protection and the Transition to Renewable Energy Sources
		1.2 Investing in Renewable Energy Sources in Poland
	2 Methodology
	3 Technical Problems in the Power Production and Distribution and the Blackout Phenomenon
	4 Examples of Blackouts—A Case Study
	5 Conclusions
	References
Design Thinking, Soft Skills Development, and the Digital Society
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Evolution of Design Thinking
	4 Basics of Soft Skills
	5 Results
	6 Conclusions
	References
Mobility Intentions of Latvian High-School Graduates Amid Covid-19 Pandemic and Beyond
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Definitions, Life Cycle and Youth Mobility
		2.2 Theoretical Perspectives Relevant to Youth Migration
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
		4.1 Intentions to Study Abroad
		4.2 Migration Intentions
	5 Conclusions
	References
The Covid-19 Pandemic’s Impact on Migrants’ Decision to Return Home to Latvia
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Why Do Migrants Return?
		2.2 Pandemic’s Impact on Migration
	3 Methods
	4 Results
		4.1 Pandemic as a Catalyst
		4.2 Pandemic as a Reason to Return
	5 Conclusions and Discussion
	References
How the Covid-19 Pandemic Affects Housing Design to Adapt With Households’ New Needs in Egypt?
	1 Introduction
	2 Household Needs Life Cycle
	3 Maslow’s Human Needs Hierarchy Versus Housing Basic Requirements
	4 Needs/Priorities
		4.1 Quarantine Protocol
		4.2 Working from Home (WFH)
		4.3 Interact with Nature
	5 Flexibility and Adaptable Housing Design
	6 Indicators of Flexibility and Adaptability
	7 Empirical Part
		7.1 Methodology
		7.2 Population and Sampling Technique
		7.3 Questionnaire
		7.4 Data Collection
	8 Results
		8.1 Sample Description
		8.2 Housing Unit’s Description
		8.3 “Stay at Home” and Required Needs
		8.4 Housing Renovation
		8.5 Housing and Quarantine
		8.6 Flexibility
		8.7 Discussion
		8.8 Research Limitation
	9 Conclusion
		9.1 For Applying Flexibility in Housing Design
		9.2 Working from Home
		9.3 Living Space
		9.4 Connection to Nature
		9.5 Converting House to Quarantine
	References
Exploring Reliability of TEA CAPTIV Motion Capture Suit for a Virtual Reality Workplace Ergonomic Design
	1 Introduction
	2 MoCap Suits Comparison
	3 Reference workplace
	4 Method of Ergonomics Evaluation
	5 Results
	6 Conclusion and Discussion
	References
Using DES to Improve the Efficiency of a Covid-19 Vaccination Centre
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Vaccination Centre Operations
	4 Data Collection
	5 Data Analysis
	6 Simulation Model
	7 Model Testing
	8 Results and Experimentation
	9 Discussion
	10 Conclusion
	References
NATO's Resilience in Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic
	1 Introduction
	2 Definitions of Resilience
	3 Enhancing Resilience in NATO Documents and Declarations
	4 NATO Efforts to Improve Its Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic
	5 NATO's Lessons Learned from the Pandemic and Conclusions
	References
Customs and Their Role in Cultural Heritage Protection: The Case of Poland
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Organizational, Legal and Technical Condition of Polish NRA
		3.1 Organizational and Legal Condition
		3.2 Technical Condition
	4 Ways of Enhancing NRA’s Effectiveness
	5 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Military Involvement in the Evacuation of Nursing Home Patients in the COVID-19 Pandemic
	1 Introduction
	2 Conceptual Framework
	3 Research Design and Methods
	4 Case and Findings
	5 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Author Index