Renewable Energy: A Global Review of Technologies, Policies and Markets

Contents......Page 6
List of Figures, Tables and Boxes......Page 8
List of Contributors......Page 12
Foreword......Page 20
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations......Page 22
Introduction......Page 26
Part One – Basics......Page 30
Introduction......Page 32
Renewable energy: some characteristics......Page 33
The advantages of renewables......Page 34
Conclusions......Page 41
References......Page 42
Introduction......Page 44
Renewable energy resources and technologies......Page 46
Economic potentials of renewable energy......Page 59
Scenarios for renewable energy......Page 63
Market development for renewable energy......Page 67
Renewable energy innovations......Page 70
Policy implications and recommendations......Page 72
References......Page 73
Introduction......Page 77
Conventional engines......Page 78
Renewable energies in transport......Page 81
Planning approaches for efficient transport systems......Page 89
Conclusions for international development cooperation......Page 93
References and further reading......Page 95
Part Two – Policies......Page 98
Executive summary......Page 100
Introduction......Page 101
Regulations governing market access......Page 105
Financial incentives for renewable energy......Page 122
Other essential policy mechanisms......Page 127
Importance of consistent, long-term policies......Page 132
Conclusions and recommendations......Page 133
Notes......Page 135
References and further reading......Page 136
Introduction......Page 144
Government’s regulatory role: regulation of renewables......Page 145
Country and regional case studies......Page 148
Conclusions and policy implications......Page 155
References and further reading......Page 158
Introduction......Page 160
What are energy subsidies and why do they exist?......Page 161
Quantification of energy subsidies and their effects......Page 166
Subsidy reform and renewable energy: levelling the playing field......Page 171
Recommendations......Page 176
References and further reading......Page 178
Introduction......Page 181
Existing international institutions and activities: a brief overview......Page 182
Addressing the constraints: two potential pathways for progress......Page 188
The outcomes of Renewables 2004 as a response......Page 191
Conclusion......Page 193
Note......Page 194
Part Three – Financing......Page 196
Introduction......Page 198
The climate for investment in renewable energy......Page 199
Specifics of financing renewable energies......Page 200
Developing financial solutions for renewable energy......Page 201
Developing financial solutions for on-grid RE projects......Page 203
Developing financial solutions for off-grid RE businesses in developing countries......Page 213
Conclusions and recommendations......Page 219
Notes......Page 222
References......Page 224
The need for climate policy: the Kyoto Protocol and its ‘Kyoto Mechanisms’......Page 225
Renewable energy in the CDM and JI: initial experiences and market projections......Page 229
Revenue from CDM and JI for renewable energy projects......Page 235
Necessary conditions to generate new and additional funds for renewable energy projects through CDM and JI......Page 239
Conclusions......Page 240
References and further reading......Page 241
Part Four – Developing Countries......Page 244
The case for Millennium Development Goal-driven national energy strategies in developing countries......Page 246
The potential and constraints of renewables in supporting MDG-compatible energy services......Page 249
A process for tailoring renewable energy policies to national development priorities......Page 254
References and further reading......Page 257
Introduction......Page 259
Regional perspectives......Page 266
Traditional biomass energy technologies......Page 270
Improved biomass energy technologies......Page 272
Modern biomass energy technologies......Page 275
The way forward: policy options......Page 280
Notes......Page 284
References......Page 285
Renewable energy and gender......Page 291
Renewable energy enabling development......Page 292
Energy in poor households: women’s burden......Page 294
Energy for poor households: lightening women’s burden......Page 296
Energy for micro-enterprises......Page 298
Women in the energy sector......Page 299
Lessons learned to date: implications for policy......Page 302
References......Page 305
Part Five – Capacities......Page 308
Introduction......Page 310
Sustainable potentials and long-term R&D......Page 311
General goals of R&D......Page 313
State of affairs......Page 315
R&D requirements......Page 317
Policy implications and recommendations......Page 321
References......Page 325
Introduction and rationale......Page 326
Changing conditions for capacity development in the energy sector......Page 328
Experiences with capacity development in the energy sector......Page 331
Synthesizing knowledge into action proposals......Page 336
Specific recommendations......Page 337
Note......Page 339
References and further reading......Page 340
Index......Page 342