Renal Physiology (Mosby Physiology Series)

Series Page......Page 2
RENAL PHYSIOLOGY......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Dedication......Page 5
Preface......Page 6
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 7
CONCEPT OF STEADY-STATE BALANCE......Page 8
Physicochemical Properties of Electrolyte Solutions......Page 9
Osmolarity and Osmolality......Page 10
Tonicity......Page 11
Specific Gravity......Page 12
Composition of Body Fluid Compartments......Page 13
Fluid Exchange Between Body Fluid Compartments......Page 14
Capillary Fluid Exchange......Page 15
Cellular Fluid Exchange......Page 16
Example 3: Addition of Hypertonic NaCl to ECF......Page 17
2 - Structure and Function of the Kidneys......Page 21
Ultrastructure of the Nephron......Page 22
Ultrastructure of the Glomerulus......Page 26
Ultrastructure of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus......Page 30
Innervation of the Kidneys......Page 31
RENAL CLEARANCE......Page 32
Glomerular Filtration Rate......Page 34
Glomerular Filtration......Page 35
Dynamics of Ultrafiltration......Page 36
Renal Blood Flow......Page 38
Sympathetic Nerves......Page 42
Angiotensin II......Page 43
Prostaglandins......Page 44
Dopamine......Page 45
4 - Renal Transport Mechanisms: NaCl and Water Reabsorption Along the Nephron......Page 48
General Principles of Membrane Transport......Page 49
General Principles of Transepithelial Solute and Water Transport......Page 51
Na+ Reabsorption......Page 54
Water Reabsorption......Page 56
Protein Reabsorption......Page 57
Organic Anion and Organic Cation Secretion......Page 58
Henle’s Loop......Page 62
Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct......Page 64
Regulation of NaCl and Water Reabsorption......Page 66
5 - Regulation of Body Fluid Osmolality: Regulation of Water Balance......Page 74
Arginine Vasopressin......Page 75
Hemodynamic Control of Arginine Vasopressin Secretion......Page 77
Arginine Vasopressin Actions on the Kidneys......Page 78
Thirst......Page 81
Renal Mechanisms for Dilution and Concentration of the Urine......Page 82
Medullary Interstitium......Page 86
Assessment of Renal Diluting and Concentrating Ability......Page 88
6 - Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Volume and NaCl Balance......Page 91
Whole-Body Na+ Balance......Page 92
Concept of Effective Circulating Volume......Page 94
Volume Sensors in the Low-Pressure Cardiopulmonary Circuit......Page 95
Renal Sympathetic Nerves......Page 96
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System......Page 97
Control of Renal NaCl Excretion During Euvolemia......Page 100
Regulation of Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct Na+ Reabsorption in Euvolemia......Page 101
Control of Na+ Excretion with Volume Expansion......Page 102
Control of Na+ Excretion with Volume Contraction......Page 103
Plasma Oncotic Pressure (πc)......Page 105
Lymphatic Obstruction......Page 106
Role of the Kidneys......Page 107
OVERVIEW OF K+ HOMEOSTASIS......Page 110
Regulation of Plasma [K+]......Page 112
Aldosterone......Page 113
Exercise......Page 114
K+ Excretion by the Kidneys......Page 115
Regulation of K+ Secretion by the Aldosterone-Sensitive Distal Nephron......Page 116
Plasma [K+]......Page 117
Aldosterone......Page 118
Arginine Vasopressin......Page 120
Acid-Base Balance......Page 121
Glucocorticoids......Page 123
8 - Regulation of Acid-Base Balance......Page 126
Overview of Acid-Base Balance......Page 127
HCO3– Reabsorption Along the Nephron......Page 129
Regulation of H+ Secretion......Page 131
Formation of New HCO3–......Page 134
Respiratory Compensation......Page 138
Metabolic Alkalosis......Page 140
Respiratory Alkalosis......Page 141
Analysis of Acid-Base Disorders......Page 142
9 - Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis......Page 145
Calcium......Page 146
Overview of Ca++ Homeostasis......Page 147
Ca++ Transport Along the Nephron......Page 149
Regulation of Urinary Ca++ Excretion......Page 150
Calcium-Sensing Receptor......Page 151
Overview of Pi Homeostasis......Page 152
Pi Transport Along the Nephron......Page 153
Regulation of Urinary Pi Excretion......Page 154
Integrative Review of Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitriol on Ca++ and Pi Homeostasis......Page 155
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DIURETIC ACTION......Page 158
Volume of the Extracellular Fluid......Page 159
Diuretic Braking Phenomenon......Page 160
Loop Diuretics......Page 162
Aquaretics......Page 163
HCO3– Excretion......Page 164
Ca++ and Pi Excretion......Page 165
Questions......Page 168
Case 6......Page 169
Questions......Page 170
B - Normal Laboratory Values......Page 171
SUMMARY BY TRANSPORT PROCESS......Page 172
Collecting Duct......Page 175
CHAPTER 1......Page 176
CHAPTER 2......Page 178
CHAPTER 4......Page 179
CHAPTER 5......Page 181
CHAPTER 6......Page 182
CHAPTER 7......Page 183
CHAPTER 8......Page 184
CHAPTER 10......Page 185
CASE 1......Page 187
CASE 2......Page 188
CASE 3......Page 189
CASE 5......Page 190
CASE 6......Page 191
CHAPTER 2......Page 192
CHAPTER 3......Page 193
CHAPTER 4......Page 194
CHAPTER 5......Page 195
CHAPTER 6......Page 196
CHAPTER 7......Page 198
CHAPTER 8......Page 199
CHAPTER 9......Page 200
CHAPTER 10......Page 201
CHAPTER 6......Page 203
CHAPTER 10......Page 204