Religious Movements in the Middle Ages

TRANSLATOR'S NOTE vii
INTRODUCTION TO THE TRANSLATION, ROBERT E. LERNER ix
PREFACE TO THE REPRINTED EDITION (1961) xxvii
ABBREVIATIONS xxxi
INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 1: The Religious Movement in the Twelfth Century:
"Apostolic Life" and "Christian Poverty" 7
1. The Heretical Movement of the Twelfth Century 9
2. Apostolic Itinerant Preaching and the Rise of New Orders 17
3. Ecclesiastical Measures against Heresy and the Religious
Movement of the Twelfth Century 22
CHAPTER 2: The Religious Movement under Innocent Ill:
The Rise of New Types of Orders 31
1. The Humiliati 32
2. The Waldensians 40
A. The Waldensians in Metz, 1199 42
B. Durandus of Huesca and the Catholic Poor: New
Directions in the Struggle against Heresy 44
C. The Community ofBernardus Primus 52
3. Francis 55
4. The Lateran Council of 1215 58
CHAPTER 3: The Social Origins of Humiliati, Waldensians, and
Franciscans 69
CHAPTER 4: The Origins of the Women's Religious Movement 75
CHAPTER 5: The Incorporation of the Women's Religious
Movement into the Mendicant Orders 89
1. The Cistercian Order and Women's Houses 91
2. The Dominican Order and Women's Houses in the First
Half of the Thirteenth Century 92
3. The Franciscan Order and Women's Houses in the First
Half of the Thirteenth Century 109
4. The Reordering of Relations between the Mendicant Orders
and Women's Houses, 1245 119
 5. The Question of the Cura monialium in the Dominican
Order 124
6. The Question of the Cura monialium in the Franciscan
Order 130
7. Statistics on Women's Houses in the Mendicant Orders
in the Thirteenth Century 134
CHAPTER 6: The Beguines in the Thirteenth Century 139
CHAPTER 7: The Heresy of the "Free Spirit" in the Religious
Movement ofthe Thirteenth Century 153
1. The Heresy of the "Amaurians" in Paris, 1210 153
2. Preconditions for the Spread of Heresy in the Religious
Movements of the Thirteenth Century 159
3. Heretical Currents in Women's Religious Associations in
Southern Germany 167
4. Heresy in the Swabian Ries, 1270-73 170
CHAPTER 8: The Origins of a Religious Literature in the Vernacular 187
1. Itinerant Preaching and Religious Literature 189
2. The Women's Religious Movement and Vernacular
Literature 192
APPENDIX: Heresy in the Eleventh Century 203
NEw CoNTRIBUTIONS
TO THE HISTORY OF RELIGIOUS MoVEMENTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES
CHAPTER 1: The Foundation of Orders and Heretical Sects
in the Twelfth Century 209
1. The New Orders 210
2. New Heresies and Sects 213
3. New Sources and Research on Heresy in the Twelfth
Century 216
4. Vita apostolica and Itinerant Preaching 219
5. The Heretical Radicalization of the Religious Movement 226
6. Social Aspects of the Religious Movement 231
CHAPTER 2: German Mysticism, Beguines, and the Heresy of the
"Free Spirit" 237
NOTES 247
FREQUENTLY CITED WORKS 421
INDEX 437