Reliability and Statistics in Transportation and Communication: Selected Papers from the 22nd International Multidisciplinary Conference on Reliability and Statistics in Transportation and Communication: Artificial Intelligence in Transportation, RelStat-2022, October 20–21, 2022, Riga, Latvia

Preface
Contents
AI in Transportation
Autonomous Mobile Robot Navigation Issues in Terms of Obstacles Detection in Disrupting Operating Conditions – Case Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Autonomous Mobile Robot – Main Assumptions for the Carried Out Research
		2.1 Sensor Layout and Navigation System
		2.2 Route Planning and Execution
	3 Obstacle Detection Tests
		3.1 Obtained Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Contribution Determination of the Statistical Loading of the Crossroads by Means of the YOLO5 Neural Network
	1 Problem Statement
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 A Brief Introduction to the Data for the Intersection Statistical Loading Method
	2 Designing a System for Determining the Contribution of the Statistical Loading of the Intersection
		2.1 Collection and Labeling of Images
		2.2 System Implementation Tools
		2.3 Obtaining Weighting Coefficients for a Neural Network
		2.4 Analysis of Statistical Information About the Loading of the Intersection
	3 Conclusion
	References
Attention-Based Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks – A Systematic Review
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Graph Convolutional Networks
	2 Methodology of the Review
		2.1 Search Strategy
	3 Attention Mechanisms
	4 Attention-Based Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks (ASTGCN)
	5 Conclusions
	References
Aviation
Model of Decision Support System with Artificial Intelligence for Aircraft Fuselage Damage Assessment
	1 Introduction
	2 3D Scanning Related Works
	3 The Models of Decision-Making Systems Based on the Results of Aircraft Fuselage Damage Diagnostics
		3.1 Model 1. Aircraft Fuselage Damage Assessment by Service Personnel
		3.2 Model 2. Aircraft Fuselage Damage Assessment Using 3D Scanner and Decision-Making by Maintenance Personnel
		3.3 Model 3. Aircraft Fuselage Damage Assessment Using 3D Scanner and Artificial Intelligence as a Decision Support System
	4 Conclusion
	References
Factors Influencing Value Proposition in the Aviation Industry in the Context of Customer-Centric Digital Economy
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Searching for Innovative Approaches to Achieving Values Creation in the Aviation Industry
		2.2 Air Transportation Value Shift Through History
	3 Research Results and Discussion
		3.1 Economic Characteristics that Drive Value Proposition Within the Air Transportation Industry
		3.2 Main Factors Influencing Value Proposition in Aviation
	4 Conclusions, Proposals, Recommendations
	References
Impact of Unpredictable Major Events on Aviation Industry: Challenges, Benefits and Prospects for Recovery
	1 Sars-Cov-19 and the Aviation Industry
		1.1 Global Pandemic and Its Impact on Aviation Sector
	2 Russian Airspace Closure, 2022
	3 Case Study
	4 Impact Minimisation and Recovery
		4.1 Primary Research
		4.2 Secondary Research
		4.3 Opportunities and Recommendations
		4.4 Individual Strategy – Issue Response Plan
	5 Conclusions
	References
Value Entity Recognition Task in the Air Transportation on the Base of E-Texts Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Identification of Values, Data Driven Decision-Making, and NLP
		2.1 Notion of Value
		2.2 Development of Value Proposition Concepts
		2.3 Data-Driven Decision Making and Natural Language Processing as a Tool
	3 Research Design
		3.1 Value Entity Recognition
		3.2 Experiment Procedure
		3.3 Training and Evaluation
	4 Results
	5 Practical Importance and Industry Reviews
	6 Conclusion
	References
Aircraft Intellectual Records Management System
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Aircraft Records Classification
	4 Records Management Process for Paperless, Optimization, Reliability and Quality of Aviation Maintenance Processes
	5 Methodology for Data and Metadata Extracting from Aircraft Records
	6 Requirements for RMS
	7 RMS Integration into Digital Ecosystem
	8 Conclusion
	References
Jet Engine Health Assessment Using EGT Time Series
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Object Description
		2.1 Engine Under Study
		2.2 Available Engine Data
		2.3 EGT Selection as the Main Parameter for Analysis
	3 Time Series Analysis Using Fractal Dimension and Hurst Exponent Approaches
		3.1 Fractal Dimension and Hurst Exponent
		3.2 Self-similarity Analysis Results
	4 Developing the Nonlinear Model for EGT Prediction
	5 Conclusion
	References
Smart Logistics
Impact of Stockout-Based Substitution on Optimal Inventory in Management Science and Microeconomic Implications
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
	3 Empirical Evidence and Significance of Substitutability
	4 Review and Analysis of Stockout-Based Substitution Models
	5 Implications for Microeconomics and Sustainability
	6 Conclusions
	References
Classification of Inventory Management Methods Based on Demand Analysis in Supply Chains
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Formation of a Classification of Inventory Management Methods Based on the Demand Analysis in the Supply Chain
	4 Conclusion
	References
Stakeholder-Oriented Investment Activities for Sustainable Supply Chain Management
	1 Introduction
	2 Framework of Managing Stakeholder-Orientated Investment Activities
		2.1 Integrated Budget and Operational Planning
		2.2 Conjoint Analysis
		2.3 Set-Up of Investment Planning
	3 Sustainable Supply Chain Management Activities
	4 Conclusions
	References
Use of Operational Research in Car Transport Logistics
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Application of the WSA Method
		2.2 Application of the TOPSIS Method
		2.3 Application of the AHP Method
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Evaluation of the Results of the WSA Method
		3.2 Evaluation of the Results of the TOPSIS Method
		3.3 Evaluation of the Results of the Analytical Hierarchical Process
	4 Conclusion
	References
Reduction of Supply Chain Risks by Using Blockchain Technology
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
		2.1 Supply Chain Risk Management
		2.2 Supply Chain Management and Blockchain Technology
		2.3 Methodology
	3 The Use of Blockchain Technology from an SCRM Perspective
		3.1 Results of the Literature Analysis
		3.2 The Use Case: Blockchain Technology for a Medical and Safety Products Manufacturer
		3.3 Effects of Blockchain Technology on Different Risks Categories
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Limitations
	References
Efficiency Assessment System Based on Analytical Approach for Sustainable Development of Transport Logistics
	1 Sustainable Development of Transport Logistics: Trends and Challenges
		1.1 Sustainability and Opportunities for Development
		1.2 Conceptual Attitude to Sustainable Development of Transport Logistics
	2 Performance Indicators
		2.1 Basic-Level Indicators and Their Role in the Efficiency Assessment
		2.2 Correlation Between Management Level and Logistics Performance Indicators
	3 Analytical Approach to Efficiency Assessment
		3.1 Integral Method of Analysis
		3.2 Combined Method Based on Linear Programming
		3.3 Application of Binominal Distribution for Approximation of Assessment Results
	4 Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Smart Technology
Smart Process Observer for Crane Automation
	1 Motivation
	2 Related Work
	3 Process Observer
		3.1 System Setup
		3.2 System Calibration and Coordinate System
		3.3 Crane Detection
	4 Results
	5 Summary
	References
Analysis of Air Pollution Monitoring System in Lithuania
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of Current Situation
		2.1 Air Quality Monitoring in Cities
		2.2 Monitoring of Pollution from Industrial Facilities
		2.3 Monitoring of Air Pollution in Other Places
	3 Result Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Piezoelectric Films Application for Vibration Diagnostics
	1 Introduction
	2 Cost-Effective Sensors for Monitoring Systems
	3 Piezo Films Applicability
		3.1 Measurement Compatibility
		3.2 Methodical Compatibility
	4 Experimental Verification
	5 Discussions
	6 Conclusions
	References
Autonomous Mobile Robot Study in the Context of Maintenance 4.0
	1 Introduction
	2 Predictive Maintenance Method for AMR
	3 Case Study – Stage I Consideration
	4 Summary and Conclusions
	References
Improvement of the Feature Selection Method for Network Attacks Classification Using Machine Learning in Digital Forensics
	1 Introduction
	2 Features Selection and Their Number Reduction
	3 Modification of Features Set Received in AHP-Like Method
	4 Experimental Results for Different Features Selection Methods
	5 Conclusions
	References
Optimisation of Quay Crane Scheduling Problem at the Port of Algeria
	1 Introduction 
	2 Presentation of the Field of Study
	3 Related Works
	4 Description of Problem
		4.1 Assumptions
		4.2 Mathematical Formulation
		4.3 Resolution
	5 Results
		5.1 LINGO Solver Result
		5.2 Genetic Algorithm Result
		5.3 Discussions
	6 Conclusion
	References
Scripting Complex Events and Behaviors in Computer Simulation of a Security Monitored Area
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Motivation
	2 The AvatarTraffic Simulator
		2.1 Organization and Interfacing
		2.2 Simulation Assets
	3 Scenario Scripting
		3.1 Finite State Machines and JSON Description
		3.2 Compilation and Execution
		3.3 The Commands
	4 Conclusions
	References
Avatar: A Telepresence System for the Participation in Remote Events
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 System Overview
		3.1 A Client Application
		3.2 The Blimp
		3.3 Server Application
		3.4 Client Application
	4 SLAM
		4.1 Results
	5 Summary
	References
Anomaly Detection for Predictive Maintenance on the Example of an Induced Draft of a Waste Power Plant
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art Analysis
	3 Applied Methods
	4 Results
	5 Analysis and Discussion
	References
Development of a Reliable and Offline Capable Hard- and Software Technology for Long-Term Machine Data Acquisition, Data Storing and Data Exportation
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art Analysis
	3 Applied Methods
	4 Analysis and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
CargoTube: Next Generation Sustainable Transportation by Hyperloop Technologies
	1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Demand of Transportation
	2 Energy Savings/The CargoTube Approach
	3 Environmental Benefits
	4 Application of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Twin Technology
	5 Requirements for a CargoTube Digital Twin
	6 Pairing Digital Twin Technology with Measurements from Test Infrastructures
	7 Cargo Testing
	8 Impact on Logistics
	References
Training Environment for Rare Events Learning a Feasibility Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Training Environment for Rare Events Learning
	3 Selected Topics
		3.1 Poisson Law Light Sources
		3.2 Varying and Non-uniform Light Sources
	4 Recommendations
		4.1 Integration with the Real S-AWARE System
		4.2 Integration with Third-Party ML/MV Analytic Modules/Platforms
	References
Smart Transport and Mobility
Comparison Analysis Between Pneumatic and Airless Tires by Computational Modelling for Avoiding Road Traffic Accidents
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Model and Boundary Conditions
	3 Results from the Numerical Modelling
	4 Conclusions
	References
A Single-Level Joint Formulation for Travel Demand Estimation Under Stochastic User Equilibrium
	1 Introduction
	2 Model Formulation
		2.1 Demand and Supply
		2.2 Stochastic User Equilibrium
		2.3 Demand Estimation
	3 Solution Algorithm
	4 Numerical Experiments
		4.1 Braess’s Paradox Network
		4.2 Yang Network
	5 Conclusion
	References
Assessing the Mobility Impact on the Corporate Social Responsibility
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Mobility Management
	2 Mode of Transport
		2.1 Private Car
		2.2 Motorcycle
		2.3 Public Transport
		2.4 Bicycle
		2.5 Walking
	3 The Lack of Productivity
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Bicycle Sharing Systems: A Comparative Analysis in Greece and Cyprus
	1 Introduction
	2 State-Of-The-Art Review
	3 Method and Data Collection
	4 Results
		4.1 Sample Profiles
		4.2 Descriptive Statistical Analysis
		4.3 Inferential Statistical Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
Detection of Edges in Transport Networks Which are Critical for Public Service Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Evaluation of the Single Edge
	3 Evaluation of Pairs of Edges
	4 Conclusion
	References
Reliability Model of Autonomous Transport with Life Support Systems Based on Closed Biotechnological Complexes
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Biotechnological Cycles in ATS Life Support Systems
	4 Fault Tree Model of ATS BLSS Reliability
	5 Conclusions
	References
Economics and Business
Effective Change Management and Continues Improvements on Smart Governments
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Smart Governance
		2.2 Smart Cities
		2.3 A Digital Response to Covid-19 Globally and in Saudi Arabia
		2.4 Saudi Arabia Vision 2030
		2.5 Change Management and Continuous Improvement
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Research Findings and Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Accounting Outsourcing: Increasing the Possibility of Its Use in Latvia
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Framework of Accounting Outsourcing
	3 Trends of Accounting Outsourcing in Latvia
	4 Analysis of Factors Affecting the Transition of Accounting Outsourcing: An Empirical Approach
	5 Conclusions
	References
Advances in the Research Domain of Crowdfunding: A Systematic Literature Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Formation of the Insurance Market of the Region Taking into Account the Impact of Specific Risks
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of Regional Disparities in Insurance Development
	3 Methodology of Insurance Portfolio Formation Taking into Account Regional Risks
	4 The Enlarged Model of Rating Assessment of Regional Insurance Potential
	5 Conclusions
	References
Possibilities and Barriers in Implementing of AI-Based Automation Techniques in Management
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review and Research Questions
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Research Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Assessment of the Dependence of Insurance Volumes on Various Socio-Economic Factors of Regional Development in Countries with a Transitive Economy
	1 Introduction
	2 Correlation Analysis Methodology for Assessing the Significance of Regional Factors in the Development of the Insurance Market and Its Application (Step-by-Step Analysis)
	3 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
The Impact of User-Generated Content on Customer Purchase Intentions of Online Shoppers
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Research Findings and Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Internet Retailers’ Valuation: Why Intangible Assets Matters and How to Assess Them
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology of the Research
	4 Research Results
		4.1 The Impact of Intangible Assets on ROE
		4.2 The Relevance of Intangible Assets Accounting
		4.3 The Impact of Intangible Assets on Market Capitalization
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Sustaining Well-Being of Teachers in Higher Education
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Materials and Methods
		3.1 Systematic Literature Review
		3.2 Survey Method
		3.3 Semi-structured Interview
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusions
	References
Problems of Banking Stability and Efficiency: Comparative Analysis of Latvia and Turkey
	1 Introduction
	2 Banking Stability Theory: Literature Review
	3 Comparative Analysis of the Level of Stability and Efficiency of Banks in Latvia and Turkey
	4 Bank Stability Prediction Using Capital Safety Factor
	5 Conclusions
	References
Education and Training in Engineering
Blended Learning as One of the Factors for Attractiveness of Studies: Case Study of KTK
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Research Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Online Collaborative Learning: Use and Efficiency Evaluation
	1 Introduction
	2 The Concept and Features of Collaborative Learning
	3 Digital Collaborative Learning as a Pedagogical Didactic System
	4 Conclusion
	References
Human Resources Management and Training in Aviation
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 State-of-the-Art
		3.1 The SHELL Model
		3.2 Reason’s Model and the Latent Factors Theory
	4 Case Studies
	5 Discussion - The Application of Evidence Base Training
	6 Conclusions and Future Research Directions
	References
Services Delivery Model for Education-as-a-Service Based Framework
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Conceptual Competence-Based Framework for EaaS
	4 Services Delivery Model
	5 Conclusion
	References
Author Index