Regional Guide To International Conflict and Management From 1945 To 2003

Cover......Page 1
Copyright......Page 5
Summary Contents......Page 8
Contents......Page 10
Figures, Tables, and Maps......Page 20
Plan of the Book......Page 22
Acknowledgments......Page 23
An Overview of International Conflict......Page 26
What Is Conflict......Page 28
International Conflict, 1945–200......Page 29
Terrorism......Page 30
Types of International Conflict......Page 32
Patterns of International Conflict 1945–2003......Page 33
The Need for Conflict Managemen......Page 36
Dealing with International Conflict......Page 38
Methods and Types of Conflict Management......Page 39
Diplomatic Methods of Conflict Management......Page 40
Legal Methods of Conflict Managemen......Page 50
Patterns of Conflict Management 1945–2003......Page 53
Conflict Management: Responsibilities Roles, and Constraints......Page 59
Differentiating Between the UN and Regional Organizations......Page 63
Regional Organizations: Origins and Functions......Page 68
Six Regions of Conflict......Page 70
Regional Conflicts......Page 74
List of Conflict......Page 76
Countries in the Region......Page 78
Regional Overview......Page 79
Overview of Conflict......Page 81
Conflict Management......Page 82
1.2 Eritrea–Ethiopia: Eritrean Nationalism and Agitation for Independence......Page 85
1.4 Kenya–United Kingdom: Anticolonial Tribal Uprising and Mau Mau Revolt......Page 86
1.6 Morocco–Spain: Postindependence Autonomy and the Sahara Conflict......Page 87
1.9 Mauritania–Mali: Hodh Region Conflic......Page 88
1.10 Congo (Zaire): Secession, Anarchy, Civil War, and the Belgian Congo Crisis......Page 89
1.12 Tunisia–France: Postindependence Autonomy Dispute in Bizerte......Page 90
1.14 Sudan: Southern Separatism, Anya-Nya Terrorism, and the First Sudan Civil War......Page 91
1.15 Morocco–Algeria: Territorial Dispute and the Tindouf War......Page 92
1.17 Somalia–Ethiopia: Somali Expansionism, Separatist Guerrilla Fighting, and the First Ogaden War......Page 93
1.20 Ghana–Upper Volta: Ghanaian Border Dispute......Page 94
1.21 Eritrea–Ethiopia: Eritrean Nationalism and War of Secession......Page 95
1.24 Chad–Sudan: Internal Strife, Sudanese Intervention, and First Chad Civil War......Page 96
1.26 Ivory Coast–Guinea: Coup Plot......Page 97
1.28 Rhodesia: African Nationalism, Guerrilla Warfare, and Zimbabwe’s Struggle for Independence......Page 98
1.30 Nigeria–Biafra: Ethnic and Regional Rivalries, Secession Attempt, and the Biafran Civil War......Page 99
1.33 Uganda–Tanzania: Postcoup Border Clashes......Page 100
1.35 Ethiopia–Somalia: Somali Expansionism, Territorial Dispute, and the Second Ogaden War......Page 101
1.37 Mali–Upper Volta (Burkina Faso): Territorial and Resource Dispute......Page 102
1.38 Angola–South Africa: Guerrilla Warfare in Namibia, Intervention, and Angolan Civil War......Page 103
1.39 Zaire–Angola: Rebel Activity and Border War......Page 104
1.40 Mozambique–South Africa: African Nationalism, Intervention, and Civil War......Page 105
1.42 Chad–Libya: Guerrilla Warfare, Factional Fighting, and Libyan Annexation of the Aozou Strip......Page 106
1.43 Zaire–Angola: Internal Dissension, Regional Instability, and the First Invasion of Shaba......Page 107
1.45 Zaire–Angola: Regional Instability, Congolese Dissension, and the Second Invasion of Shaba......Page 108
1.46 Tanzania–Uganda: Cross-Border Raids, Tanzanian Invasion, and Ouster of the Amin Regime......Page 109
1.48 Cameroon–Nigeria: Border Incident......Page 110
1.50 Zaire–Zambia: Lake Mweru Dispute......Page 111
1.51 Libya–Chad: Political Instability, Rebel Fighting, Foreign Intervention, and the Third Chad Civil War......Page 112
1.53 South Africa–Lesotho: Guerrilla Insurgency Fears and Anti-ANC Raid......Page 113
1.54 Sudan: Secessionist Fighting, Civil War, and the Second Sudan Civil War......Page 114
1.56 Chad–Nigeria: Boundary/Resources Dispute and the Lake Chad Conflict......Page 115
1.58 South Africa–Botswana: African Nationalism and Anti-ANC Raids......Page 116
1.61 Mali–Burkina Faso: Territorial/Resource Dispute and Border War......Page 117
1.63 Zaire–People’s Republic of the Congo: Regional Instability and Border Incident......Page 118
1.65 South Africa–Zambia: African Nationalism, Insurgency Fears, and Anti-ANC Raid......Page 119
1.68 Somalia: Clan-Based Violence and the Somalian Civil War......Page 120
1.69 Burundi: Tribe–Based Communal Violence and the Hutu Conflict......Page 122
1.72 Liberia: Civil War......Page 123
1.75 Senegal: The Casamance Rebellion......Page 125
1.77 Rwanda: Tribal Conflict, Genocide and Exiles Invasion......Page 127
1.78 Liberia–Sierra Leone: Intervention, Destabilization, and the Sierra Leone Civil War......Page 129
1.80 Nigeria–Cameroon: Territorial Dispute and the Diamond and Djabane Islands Dispute......Page 130
1.82 Uganda: Intervention and Democratic Movements......Page 131
1.83 Federal Republic of Grande Comoros: Coup Attempt and Anjouan and Moheli Independence......Page 132
1.84 Eritrea–Yemen: Invasion of the Hunish Islands......Page 133
1.86 Uganda–Kenya: Ethnic Cross-Border Clashes......Page 134
1.89 Djibouti: Intervention and Djibouti Civil War......Page 135
1.91 Eritrea–Ethiopia: Yirga Triangle Territorial Dispute......Page 136
1.92 Guinea-Bissau: Military Factions......Page 137
1.94 Liberia–Guinea: Border Dispute......Page 138
1.95 Ivory Coast: Civil War......Page 139
1.96 Central African Republic–Chad: Attempted Coup, Foreign Intervention, and Territorial Occupation......Page 140
1.97 Angola–Zambia: Civil Strife and Border Skirmishes......Page 141
List of Conflict......Page 142
Regional Overview......Page 143
Overview of Conflict......Page 145
Conflict Management......Page 146
2.1 Dominican Republic–Haiti/Cuba: Regional Aggression......Page 148
2.3 Nicaragua–Costa Rica: Border Conflict......Page 150
2.4 Argentina–Chile: The Beagle Channel Border Dispute......Page 151
2.5 Guatemala: Civil War and Insurgency......Page 153
2.7 Dominican Republic–Cuba/Venezuela: Dominican Republic Aggression and Exiles Conflict......Page 154
2.9 Nicaragua–Honduras: Boundary Dispute and Mocoran Seizure......Page 156
2.11 Guatemala–Mexico: Mexican Shrimp Boat Incident......Page 157
2.13 Cuba–Haiti: Cuban-Sponsored Military Invasion and Haitian Exiles Conflict......Page 158
2.15 Venezuela–Guyana (UK): Essequibo River Dispute......Page 159
2.16 Chile–Bolivia: Lauca River Dam Dispute......Page 160
2.17 United States–USSR: Cold War Dispute and the Cuban Missile Crisis......Page 161
2.18 Haiti–Dominican Republic: Exiles Asylum and Invasion Attempt......Page 162
2.19 Cuba–Venezuela: Terrorism and Invasion Attempt......Page 163
2.21 Colombia: Banditry and Leftist Guerrilla Insurgency......Page 164
2.22 United States–Dominican Republic: Civil War, U.S. Military Intervention, and the Constitutionalist Rebellion......Page 165
2.24 El Salvador–Honduras: The “Football War” Border Dispute......Page 166
2.26 El Salvador–Honduras: Territorial Dispute and Border Incidents......Page 167
2.28 Ecuador–Peru: Regional Rivalry, Territorial Dispute, and the Amazon/Marañón Waterway Incidents......Page 168
2.30 Nicaragua–Costa Rica: Regional Rivalry, Cross-Border Raids, and Border Incidents......Page 169
2.32 Ecuador–Peru: Territorial Dispute and Border War......Page 170
2.33 United Kingdom–Argentina: Sovereignty Dispute and the Falklands War......Page 171
2.35 United States–Grenada: AntiCommunist Military Invasion......Page 172
2.38 Nicaragua–Costa Rica: Regional Rivalry and Border Incidents......Page 173
2.40 Suriname: Guerrilla Insurgency......Page 174
2.42 United States–Haiti: U.S. Military Invasion and Aristide’s Return from Exile......Page 175
2.44 Ecuador–Peru: Condor Mountain Territorial Dispute......Page 176
2.45 Belize–Guatemala: Postindependence Territorial Dispute and Border Incidents......Page 177
List of Conflict......Page 178
Regional Overview......Page 180
Overview of Conflict......Page 182
Conflict Management......Page 185
3.1 China: Civil War......Page 188
3.2 The Netherlands–The Dutch East Indies: Indonesian Nationalism and War of Independence......Page 189
3.4 United Kingdom–Malaya and Singapore: Anti-British Communist Insurgency and the Malayan Emergency......Page 190
3.5 Burma: Kuomintang/People’s Liberation Army Cross-Border Conflict......Page 191
3.6 Burma (Myanmar): Karen Separatist Insurgency and Civil War......Page 192
3.8 United States–USSR: Cold War Air Incidents......Page 193
3.10 China–Portugal: The Macao Territorial Conflict......Page 194
3.12 Cambodia–Siam (Thailand): Border Conflict and the Occupation of th Temple of Preah Vihear......Page 195
3.13 China–United States/Taiwan: The Quemoy Confrontation......Page 196
3.15 China–United States/Taiwan: Communist–Nationalist Territorial Dispute and Bombardment of the Quemoy Islands......Page 197
3.17 North Vietnam–South Vietnam/United States: Communist Vietcong Insurgency, Anti-communist U.S. Military Intervention, and Civil War......Page 198
3.18 Indonesia–Malaysia: Separatist Civil Disturbances and the Borneo Conflict......Page 199
3.20 China–Taiwan: CCP-KMT Territorial Dispute and Invasion Threat......Page 200
3.22 North Vietnam–Laos: Political Anarchy and the Second Laotian Civil War......Page 201
3.23 North Vietnam–United States: The Vietnam War......Page 202
3.24 Irian Jaya–Indonesia: Territorial Dispute and Secession Insurgency......Page 203
3.26 North Korea–United States:USS Pueblo Seizure......Page 204
3.28 Cambodia (Kampuchea)–South Vietnam/United States: U.S. Bombing Campaign and Vietnam War......Page 205
3.29 Mindanao–The Philippines: Communal Violence, Land Disputes, and Muslim Secessionist Insurgency......Page 206
3.31 North Korea–South Korea: Demilitarized Zone and Invasion Threat......Page 207
3.33 Laos–Thailand: Postrevolution Exodus and Border Incidents......Page 208
3.34 East Timor–Indonesia: Independence Struggle......Page 209
3.36 Thailand–Cambodia (Kampuchea): Refugee Influx, Regional Instability, and Khmer Rouge Border Incidents......Page 210
3.37 Cambodia (Kampuchea)–Thailand: Refugee Influx, Regional Instability, and Khmer Rouge Border Incidents......Page 211
3.38 Cambodia (Kampuchea)–Vietnam: Border Fighting, Vietnamese Invasion, and the Cambodian Civil War......Page 212
3.40 Cambodia (Kampuchea)–Thailand: Khmer Rouge Insurgency and Border Conflict......Page 213
3.42 Indonesia–Papua New Guinea (PNG): Secessionist Warfare, Border Incidents, and the Irian Jaya Dispute......Page 214
3.45 Vietnam–China: Regional Rivalry and Border Conflict......Page 215
3.47 Thailand–Laos: Boundary Dispute and Border War......Page 216
3.50 Bougainville–Papua New Guinea: Separatist Insurgency and Secession Attempt......Page 217
3.51 Burma (Myanmar)–Bangladesh: Rohingya Muslim Rebellion and Border Incidents......Page 218
3.54 Burma (Myanmar)–Bangladesh: Border Incidents......Page 219
3.56 China–The Philippines: Territorial Dispute and the Paracel and Spratly Islands Incidents......Page 220
3.58 China–Taiwan: Rivalry and Military Tensions......Page 221
3.59 North Korea–South Korea: Continuing Rivalry......Page 222
3.61 Vietnam–The Philippines: Spratly Islands Firing Incident......Page 223
3.63 Thailand–Burma: Internal Civil Strife, Militia Activities, and Border Skirmishes......Page 224
3.64 North Korea–South Korea: Naval Incidents......Page 225
3.65 Japan–North Korea: Spy Ship Incident......Page 226
List of Conflict......Page 228
Regional Overview......Page 229
Overview of Conflict......Page 230
4.2 Pakistan–India: Postpartition Separatism, First Kashmir War, and India–Pakistan Rivalry......Page 232
4.4 Afghanistan–Pakistan: Postindependence Pathan Border Conflict......Page 233
4.6 China–Tibet: Tibetan Autonomy Dispute......Page 234
4.8 India–Pakistan: Postpartition Border Tension and the Surma River Incidents......Page 235
4.11 Afghanistan–Pakistan: Boundary Dispute and Pathan Conflict......Page 236
4.14 India–China: Sino–Indian Wars and McMahon Line Border Dispute......Page 237
4.16 India–Pakistan: Border Skirmishes......Page 238
4.18 China–India: Sino–Indian Wars and McMahon Line Border Incidents......Page 239
4.20 Bangladesh: Postindependence Territorial Dispute and the Chittagong Hill Tracts Conflict......Page 240
4.22 Bangladesh–India: Postcoup Tensions and Border Incidents......Page 241
4.24 Bangladesh–India: Boundary Dispute and Border Incidents......Page 242
4.25 USSR–Afghanistan: Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Civil War......Page 243
4.27 Sri Lanka: Communal Violence, Separatist Fighting, and the Tamil–Sinhalese Conflict......Page 244
4.29 India–Pakistan: Territorial Dispute, India–Pakistan Rivalry, and the Siachin Glacier Dispute......Page 246
4.31 India–Pakistan: Territorial Dispute, Siachin Glacier/Kashmir Conflict, and India–Pakistan Rivalry......Page 247
4.33 Kyrgyzstan: Uzbek and Kyrgyzis Ethnic Conflict and Post–Soviet iolence......Page 248
4.34 Tajikistan: Post–Soviet Strife and Ethnic-Based Civil War......Page 249
4.37 Uzbekistan–Kyrgyzstan/Tajikistan: Border Insurgency......Page 250
4.38 Bangladesh–India: Border Incident and Seizure of Perdiwah......Page 251
4.39 United States–Afghanistan: Post–September 11 “War on Terrorism,” Al Qaeda Terrorist Links, and Terrorist Containment......Page 252
List of Conflict......Page 254
Countries in the Region......Page 255
Overview of Conflict......Page 256
Conflict Management......Page 258
5.1 Greece: Antimonarchist Communist Insurgency and Civil War......Page 261
5.3 Yugoslavia–United States: Cold War Air Incidents......Page 262
5.5 USSR–The Western Allies: The Berlin Airlift Crisis......Page 263
5.7 Cyprus–United Kingdom: Intercommunal Violence and the Enosis Movement......Page 264
5.9 USSR–Hungary: Anti-Communist Revolt, Soviet Invasion, and the Hungarian Uprising of 1956......Page 265
5.10 USSR–United States: Cold War Dispute and the Berlin Wall......Page 266
5.12 USSR–Czechoslovakia: Liberalization Movement, the Prague Spring, and Soviet Military Invasion......Page 267
5.13 Iceland–United Kingdom, West Germany, and Denmark: The Cod War......Page 268
5.15 Poland: Internal Crisis, Solidarity Labor Movement, and the Declaration of Martial Law......Page 269
5.17 Georgia–South Ossetia: Abkhazia Secession War......Page 270
5.18 Yugoslavia: Ethnic and Religious Warfare and the Balkans Civil War......Page 271
5.20 Azerbaijan–Armenia: Nagorno–Karabakh Conflict......Page 273
5.21 Gagauzia/Dniester–Moldova: Post–Soviet Strife and Gagauzia’s Struggle for Autonomy......Page 274
5.22 USSR–Latvia: Post-Soviet Independence Crisis......Page 275
5.23 Macedonia: Civil War, Incursion, and NATO/EU Involvement......Page 276
5.24 Russia–Chechnya: Post–Soviet Strife, Separatist Fighting, Chechen, and Caucasus Conflict......Page 277
5.26 Greece–Albania: Border Tensions......Page 278
5.28 Yugoslavia–Kosovo: Kosovo Conflic and Civil War......Page 279
5.30 Russia–Georgia: Chechen Separatism......Page 280
List of Conflict......Page 283
Regional Overview......Page 285
Conflict Management......Page 288
6.2 USSR–Iran: Pro-Communist Campaign of Secession and Azerbaijan/Kurdistan Crisis......Page 290
6.4 Syria–Lebanon: Syrian Exiles Dispute......Page 291
6.5 Syria–Israel: Lake Tiberias/Huleh Resource Dispute......Page 292
6.7 Saudi Arabia–Oman/United Kingdom: The Buraymi Oasis Resource Dispute......Page 293
6.9 Turkey–Syria: Border Incidents......Page 294
6.11 Yemen–United Kingdom: Aden Conflict......Page 295
6.13 Egypt–United Kingdom/France: Sovereignty Dispute and Suez War......Page 296
6.15 Egypt–Sudan: Postindependence Territorial Dispute......Page 297
6.17 Syria–Iraq: Syrian-Backed Putsch, Government Suppression, and Mosul Revolt......Page 298
6.19 Iraq–Kuwait: Territorial Dispute and the Kuwaiti Independence Crisis......Page 299
6.21 North Yemen: Civil War and Royalist Rebellion......Page 300
6.23 Israel–Jordan: Arab–Israeli Dispute and Border Incidents......Page 301
6.25 Israel–Arab States: The Six-Day War......Page 302
6.28 The PLO–Jordan: Coup Attempt......Page 303
6.30 North Yemen–South Yemen: Anti-Communist Insurgency and Border Conflict......Page 304
6.32 Oman–South Yemen: Antigovernment Insurgency and Dhofar Rebellion......Page 305
6.34 Syria/PLO–Israel: PLO Raids, Retaliatory Air Strikes, and the Golan Heights Conflict......Page 306
6.36 Israel–Egypt and Syria: Arab–Israeli Territorial Dispute, Arab–Israeli Wars, and the Yom Kippur War......Page 307
6.38 Israel–Lebanon: Arab Infiltrators an Cross-Border Attacks......Page 308
6.40 Syria–Iraq: Resource Dispute over the Euphrates River......Page 309
6.41 Iran: Internal Strife, Orthodox Muslim Backlash, Iranian Civil War, and Islamic Revolution......Page 310
6.42 Kurds–Iraq: Kurdish Separatist Insurgency and Kurdish Autonomy......Page 311
6.44 Egypt–Libya: Regional Tensions and Border War......Page 312
6.45 Israel–Lebanon/PLO: Arab–Israeli Tensions, PLO Incursions, and Israeli Invasion of Southern Lebanon......Page 313
6.47 Israel–Syria: Arab–Israeli Tensions and Air Incidents......Page 314
6.49 Iran–United States: Anti-American Sentiment, Islamic Revolution, and Hostage Crisis......Page 315
6.51 Libya–United States: Regional Instability and Air Incidents......Page 316
6.52 Israel–Lebanon: Israeli Invasion of Lebanon......Page 317
6.54 Kurds–Turkey: Kurdish Secession Struggle......Page 318
6.57 United States–Libya: Rabat Chemical Plant Tensions and Mediterranean Air Incident......Page 320
6.58 Iraq–Kuwait/Coalition Forces: Territorial Dispute, Iraqi Expansionism, and the Gulf War......Page 321
6.61 Egypt–Sudan: Territorial/Resource Dispute and Halaib Dispute......Page 322
6.63 Yemen: Unification Difficulties a Yemen Civil War......Page 323
6.65 Saudi Arabia–Yemen: Post–Gulf War Border Conflic......Page 324
6.67 Israel–Syria: Border Clashes......Page 325
Appendix A - Countries and Their Regions......Page 328
Appendix B - Chronology of Regional Conflicts......Page 331
United Nations (UN)......Page 342
Major Regional Organizations......Page 346
Other Major Organizations......Page 357
Reference Sources......Page 359
AFRICA......Page 360
THE AMERICAS......Page 361
ASIA: EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC......Page 363
EUROPE......Page 364
MIDDLE EAST......Page 366
Index......Page 370