Reflex Control of Posture And Movement

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Page iii

Copyright Page
Page iv

Preface
Pages v-vi
Ragnar Granit, Ottavio Pompeiano

List of Contributors
Pages vii-x

Opening Lecture Some Comments on “tone” Original Research Article
Pages xvii-xix
Ragnar Granit

On The Intrafusal Distribution of Dynamic and Static Fusimotor Axons in Cat Muscle Spindles Original Research Article
Pages 3-10
Y. Laporte

Multisensory Control of Spinal Reflex Pathways Original Research Article
Pages 11-28
A. Lundberg

New Observations on Neuronal Organization of Reflexes from Tendon Organ Afferents and their Relation to Reflexes Evoked from Muscle Spindle Afferents Original Research Article
Pages 29-36
E. Jankowska

Input-Output Relationship in Spinal Motoneurons in the Stretch Reflex Original Research Article
Pages 37-43
S. Homma, Y. Nakajima

Contribution of Different Size Motoneurons to Renshaw Cell Discharge During Stretch and Vibration Reflexes Original Research Article
Pages 45-60
P. Wand, O. Pompeiano

The Role of Synaptic Organization in the Control of Motor Unit Activity during Movement Original Research Article
Pages 61-67
R.E. Burke

Adaptive Properties of the Myotatic Feedback Original Research Article
Pages 69-75
C.A. Terzuolo, J.F. Soechting, J.R. Dufresne

Information Carried by the Spinocerebellar Paths Original Research Article
Pages 79-90
C.-F. Ekerot, B. Larson, O. Oscarsson

Responses of Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract Neurons to Signals from Muscle Spindle Afferents Original Research Article
Pages 91-104
O.-J. Grüsser, J. Kröller

Effects of High Threshold Muscle Afferent Volleys on Ascending Pathways Original Research Article
Pages 105-111
W.D. Willis

Proprioceptive Influences on Somatosensory and Motor Cortex Original Research Article
Pages 113-119
P. Zarzecki, H. Asanuma

Vestibulospinal, Reticulospinal and Interstitiospinal Pathways in the Cat Original Research Article
Pages 121-136
K. Fukushima, B.W. Peterson, V.J. Wilson

Muscle Fields and Response Properties of Primate Corticomotoneuronal Cells Original Research Article
Pages 137-146
E.E. Fetz, P.D. Cheney

Interpretation of Supraspinal Effects on the Gamma System Original Research Article
Pages 147-154
R. Granit

Discharge Rates of Muscle Afferents during Voluntary Movements of Different Speeds Original Research Article
Pages 155-162
M.McD Lewis, A. Prochazka, K.-H. Sontag, P. Wand

Supraspinal Control of Ascending Pathways Original Research Article
Pages 163-174
W.D. Willis

Organization and Programming of Motor Activity during Posture Control Original Research Article
Pages 177-184
L.M. Nashner

Coupled Stretch Reflexes in Ankle Muscles: An Evaluation of the Contributions of Active Muscle Mechanisms to Human Posture Stability Original Research Article
Pages 185-195
J.H.J. Allum, H.J. Büdingen

The Role of Vision in the Control of Posture During Linear Motion Original Research Article
Pages 197-209
A. Berthoz, M. Lacour, J.F. Soechting, P.P. Vidal

Direction-Specific Vestibular and Visual Modulation of Fore- and Hindlimb Reflexes in Cats Original Research Article
Pages 211-218
U. Thoden, J. Dichgans, M. Doerr, Th Savides

Diagonal Stance in Quadrupeds: A Postural Support for Movement Original Research Article
Pages 219-226
J. Massion, Y. Gahery

Interaction between Central and Peripheral Mechanisms in the Control of Locomotion Original Research Article
Pages 227-235
S. Grillner

Two Functions of Reflexes in Human Movement: Interaction with Preprograms and Gain of Force Original Research Article
Pages 237-241
R. Jung

What Are the Proprioceptors of the Neck? Original Research Article
Pages 245-254
F.J.R. Richmond, V.C. Abrahams

Proprioceptive and Somatosensory Influences on Neck Muscle Motoneurons Original Research Article
Pages 255-262
P.K. Rose, N. Sprott

Cortical, Tectal and Medullary Descending Pathways to the Cervical Spinal Cord Original Research Article
Pages 263-279
J.D. Coulter, R.M. Bowker, S.P. Wise, E.A. Murray, A.J. Castiglioni, K.N. Westlund

Tonic Cervical Influences on Forelimb and Hindlimb Monosynaptic Reflexes Original Research Article
Pages 281-288
U. Thoden, D. Wenzel

Peripheral and Central Organization of the Extraocular Muscle Proprioception in the Ungulata Original Research Article
Pages 291-299
E. Manni, R. Bortolami

Properties of the Receptors of the Extraocular Muscles Original Research Article
Pages 301-314
C. Batini

Extraocular Muscle Input to the Cerebellar Cortex Original Research Article
Pages 315-324
C. Batini

Proprioceptive Influences from Eye Muscle Receptors on Cells of the Superior Colliculus Original Research Article
Pages 325-334
V.C. Abrahams

Extraocular Muscle Afferents and Visual Input Interactions in the Superior Colliculus of the Cat Original Research Article
Pages 335-344
C. Batini, G. Horcholle-Bossavit

Does Extraocular Proprioception Influence the Development of Visual Processes and the Oculomotor System? Original Research Article
Pages 345-352
P. Buisseret

Vestibular Receptors in Mammals: Afferent Discharge Characteristics and Efferent Control Original Research Article
Pages 355-367
J.M. Goldberg

Labyrinthine Influences on the Vestibular Nuclei Original Research Article
Pages 369-381
W. Precht

Response of Vestibular and Cerebellar Neurons to Rotational Stimulation Original Research Article
Pages 383-393
J. Kimm, J.A. Winfield

Reactions to Overbalancing Original Research Article
Pages 397-404
T.D.M. Roberts, G. Stenhouse

Semicircular Canal and Macular Influences on Neck Motoneurons Original Research Article
Pages 405-412
M. Maeda

Role of Vestibular Inputs in the Organization of Motor Output to Forelimb Extensors Original Research Article
Pages 413-421
J.H. Anderson, J.F. Soechting, C.A. Terzuolo

Efferent and Afferent Responses During Falling and Landing in Cats Original Research Article
Pages 423-428
M.McD Lewis, A. Prochazka, K.-H. Sontag, P. Wand

Synaptic and Functional Organization of Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Pathways Original Research Article
Pages 431-442
S.M. Highstein, H. Reisine

Labyrinthine Influences on Motoneurons Responsible for Vertical Eye Movements in the Rabbit Original Research Article
Pages 443-450
B. Ghelarducci, M. Favilla, A. Starita

Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Pathways of Rabbits and their Representation in the Cerebellar Flocculus Original Research Article
Pages 451-457
M. Yamamoto

Canal-Otolith Convergence on Cat Ocular Motoneurons Original Research Article
Pages 459-468
W. Precht, J.H. Anderson, R.H.I. Blanks

Vestibular Unit Activity during Nystagmus Original Research Article
Pages 469-476
H. Shimazu

Organization and Control of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Original Research Article
Pages 477-489
R. Schmid, M. Jeannerod

Otoliths and Uprightness Original Research Article
Pages 493-499
T.D.M. Roberts

Neck and Macular Labyrinthine Influences on the Cervical Spino-Reticulocerebellar Pathway Original Research Article
Pages 501-514
O. Pompeiano

Neck and Macular Labyrinthine Influences on the Purkinje Cells of the Cerebellar Vermis Original Research Article
Pages 515-527
F. Denoth, P.C. Magherini, O. Pompeiano, M. Stanojević

The Neck and Labyrinthine Influences on Cervical Spinocerebellar Tract Neurones of the Central Cervical Nucleus in the Cat Original Research Article
Pages 529-536
N. Hirai, T. Hongo, S. Sasaki, K. Yoshida

A Role of Neck Afferents on Vestibulocollic Reflex Elicited by Dynamic Labyrinthine Stimulation Original Research Article
Pages 537-549
K. Ezure, S. Sasaki, Y. Uchino, V.J. Wilson

Neck Influences on the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Arc and the Vestibulocerebellum Original Research Article
Pages 551-559
M. Maeda

Vestibular-Neck Interaction in Abducens Neurons Original Research Article
Pages 561-566
U. Thoden, P. Schmidt

Vestibular Influences on the Cat\'s Cerebral Cortex Original Research Article
Pages 567-579
T. Mergner

The Vestibulocortical Pathway: Neurophysiological and Anatomical Studies in the Monkey Original Research Article
Pages 581-588
U. Büttner, W. Lang

Somatosensory and Cerebellar Influences on Compensation of Labyrinthine Lesions Original Research Article
Pages 591-598
K.-P. Schaefer, D.L. Meyer, G. Wilhelms

Cerebellar Contribution in Compensating the Vestibular Function Original Research Article
Pages 599-606
G.B. Azzena, O. Mameli, E. Tolu

Synaptic Mechanisms Involved in Compensation of Vestibular Function Following Hemilabyrinthectomy Original Research Article
Pages 607-615
N. Dieringer, W. Precht

Organization of Reticular Projections onto Oculomotor Neurones Original Research Article
Pages 619-630
J.A. Büttner-Ennever

Organization of Reticular Projections to the Vestibular Nuclei in the Cat Original Research Article
Pages 631-644
N. Corvaja, T. Mergner, O. Pompeiano

Neuronal Activity Preceding Rapid Eye Movements in the Brain Stem of the Alert Monkey Original Research Article
Pages 645-652
K. Hepp, V. Henn

Afferent and Efferent Organization of the Prepositus Hypoglossi Nucleus Original Research Article
Pages 653-665
R.A. Mccrea, R. Baker, J. Delgado-Garcia

Functional Role of the Prepositus Hypoglossi Nucleus in the Control of Gaze Original Research Article
Pages 667-679
J. Lopez-Barneo, C. Darlot, A. Berthoz

Motion Information in the Vestibular Nuclei of Alert Monkeys: Visual and Vestibular Input vs. Optomotor Output Original Research Article
Pages 683-693
W. Waespe, V. Henn

Interaction of Visual and Canal Inputs on the Oculomotor System via the Cerebellar Flocculus Original Research Article
Pages 695-702
Y. Miyashita

Visual-Vestibular Interactions and the Role of the Flocculus in the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Original Research Article
Pages 703-713
J. Kimm, J.A. Winfield, A.E. Hendrickson

The Accessory Optic System and its Relation to the Vestibulocerebellum Original Research Article
Pages 715-724
J.I. Simpson, R.E. Soodak, R. Hess

Colliculoreticular Organization in the Oculomotor System Original Research Article
Pages 725-734
E.L. Keller

Labyrinthine and Visual Inputs to the Superior Colliculus Neurons Original Research Article
Pages 735-743
M. Maeda, T. Shibazaki, K. Yoshida

Visual Fixation: a Collicular Reflex? Original Research Article
Pages 745-753
A. Roucoux, M. Crommelinck, M. Meulders

Adaptive Modification of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex in Rabbits Affected by Visual Inputs and its Possible Neuronal Mechanisms Original Research Article
Pages 757-761
M. Ito

Modification of Central Vestibular Neuron Response by Conflicting Visual-Vestibular Stimulation Original Research Article
Pages 763-770
E.L. Keller, W. Precht

Adaptation of Optokinetic and Vestibulo-Ocular Reflexes to Modified Visual Input in the Rabbit Original Research Article
Pages 771-781
H. Collewijn, A.F. Grootendorst

Visual Substitution of Labyrinthine Defects Original Research Article
Pages 783-792
J.H. Courjon, M. Jeannerod

Strategies of Eye-Head Coordination Original Research Article
Pages 795-803
E. Bizzi

Neural Activity Pattern in Different Brain Stem Structures during Eye-Head Movements Original Research Article
Pages 805-812
K.-P. Schaefer, D.L. Meyer, H. Zierau

Subject Index
Pages 813-827