Reflections on Play, Sport, and Culture (Routledge Research in Sport, Culture and Society)

Cover
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
	Note
Abbreviations
Introduction
	Notes
Part I The Idea of Play
	Introduction to Part I
	1 “Slow-Moving” Philosophy of Play
		Usefulness of Play Before Philosophical Comprehension
		First Steps Toward Philosophy: Functionalism as a Key for Explanations of Human Play
		Notes
		Bibliography
	2 Principal Definability of Play
		Introduction
		Play, Games, and Sports in the English Language (A Cultural-Anthropological View)
		Reflection of Human Play in Different Languages in the 20th and 21st Centuries
		The Wittgensteinian Obstacle
		Note
		Bibliography
	3 Definition of Play as Escape
		Introduction
		Qualitative Content Analysis of Philosophical Ideas About Human Play
			Methodology
			Results of the Study
		Discussion
		Note
		Bibliography
	4 Sport Is Play Too
		Introduction
		The Diversity of the Concept of Sport in English Cultural Tradition
		Is Physical Activity Necessary and Sufficient for a Definition of Sport?
			What Is “Physical” in Human Actions?
		Sport as Play and Game
		Officialization and Unproductiveness as Necessary Characteristics of Sport
			Officialization
			Unproductiveness
		Notes
		Bibliography
Part II “Contemplation” of Play and Games Playing
	Introduction to Part II
	5 Games’ Typologies
		Common and Unique in Games Humans Play
		Typologies of Games By Aims and Forms of Playing
			The Analysis of Existing Approaches to Classifying Ball Games
				Principles of Elaboration of “Nonlinear” Classification of Ball Games and Sports
		Three-measure Taxonomy of Games and Sports
		Notes
		Bibliography
	6 Ways Moving From Games to Sports
		Introduction
		Crystallization
		Inventing Games By Developing and Adopting Original Ideas
		“Natural Selection”
		Notes
		Bibliography
	7 Key Characteristics of an Invasive Game
		Mutually Active Conflict Between Sides
		“Perturbation” and a Personal Space–time in Invasive Games
			Correlation of Perturbations With Team’s Efficacy
		Notes
		Bibliography
Part III Play and Society
	Introduction to Part III
	8 Social Person in Play
		Introduction
		“Being There”: Kinds of Human Play in Different Behavioral Environments
		Personal Vs. Individual Play
		Emergent Indeterminacy: Hidden Flows of Small Groups Playing
		Wanted Suspense: Large Groups Playing
		Conclusions
		Notes
		Bibliography
	9 Masses in Play
		Introduction
		Play and Social Communication in Ancient Sacral Ritual
		Play in Sacral Mysteries
		Festival Vs. Carnival Play in the Grandstands
		Summary
		Notes
		Bibliography
	10 Sports Spectators and Fans in Play
		Accepted Typologies of Sport Spectators
		New Typology of Sport Spectators as “Players”: Empirical Research
			Method
				Instrument and Data Collection
				Data Analysis
			Results
				Main Factors Associated With Playful Stances, Attitudes, Behaviors, and Activities
				Profiling of Respondents
			Discussion
		Notes
		Appendix: Questionnaire for Spectators and Fans
		Bibliography
	11 Professional Sport in Symbiosis With Fans
		Introduction
		From Play to Meta-Sport
			“Sport Is Like Play”
			The Nature of Professional Sport:”I’ll Do Makeup, But Love (Pay) Me, as I Am…”
			The Nature of a Sport Show: “I’ll Become Anything to You Love (Pay) Me…”
			The Nature of “meta-Play”
			UK
			European Union
			Israel
			Armenia
			The Nature of “meta-Sport”
		Dialectics in the Transformations of Professional Sport
		Notes
		Bibliography
	Afterword
Introduction to the Play Field Theory (PFT)
		Basic Notions
		Main Principles of PFT
		Derivative Concepts of PFT
		New Terminology and Key Terms of PFT
			For the Domain of Play
			For the Domain of Game
			For the Domain of Sports
		Applications of PFT
		Perspective
		Note
		Bibliography
Index