Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8

Table of Contents
PROVIDING FEEDBACK ON RED HAT DOCUMENTATION
CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW OF AVAILABLE FILE SYSTEMS
	1.1. TYPES OF FILE SYSTEMS
	1.2. LOCAL FILE SYSTEMS
		Available local file systems
	1.3. THE XFS FILE SYSTEM
		Performance characteristics
	1.4. THE EXT4 FILE SYSTEM
	1.5. COMPARISON OF XFS AND EXT4
	1.6. CHOOSING A LOCAL FILE SYSTEM
	1.7. NETWORK FILE SYSTEMS
		Available network file systems
	1.8. SHARED STORAGE FILE SYSTEMS
		Comparison with network file systems
		Concurrency
		Performance characteristics
		Available shared storage file systems
	1.9. CHOOSING BETWEEN NETWORK AND SHARED STORAGE FILE SYSTEMS
	1.10. VOLUME-MANAGING FILE SYSTEMS
		Available volume-managing file systems
CHAPTER 2. MANAGING LOCAL STORAGE USING RHEL SYSTEM ROLES
	2.1. INTRODUCTION TO THE STORAGE ROLE
	2.2. STORAGE ROLE PARAMETERS
CHAPTER 3. MOUNTING NFS SHARES
	3.1. INTRODUCTION TO NFS
	3.2. SUPPORTED NFS VERSIONS
		Default NFS version
		Features of minor NFS versions
	3.3. SERVICES REQUIRED BY NFS
		The RPC services with NFSv4
	3.4. NFS HOST NAME FORMATS
	3.5. INSTALLING NFS
	3.6. DISCOVERING NFS EXPORTS
	3.7. MOUNTING AN NFS SHARE WITH MOUNT
	3.8. COMMON NFS MOUNT OPTIONS
	3.9. RELATED INFORMATION
CHAPTER 4. EXPORTING NFS SHARES
	4.1. INTRODUCTION TO NFS
	4.2. SUPPORTED NFS VERSIONS
		Default NFS version
		Features of minor NFS versions
	4.3. THE TCP AND UDP PROTOCOLS IN NFSV3 AND NFSV4
	4.4. SERVICES REQUIRED BY NFS
		The RPC services with NFSv4
	4.5. NFS HOST NAME FORMATS
	4.6. NFS SERVER CONFIGURATION
		4.6.1. The /etc/exports configuration file
			Export entry
			Default options
			Default and overridden options
		4.6.2. The exportfs utility
			Common exportfs options
	4.7. NFS AND RPCBIND
	4.8. INSTALLING NFS
	4.9. STARTING THE NFS SERVER
	4.10. TROUBLESHOOTING NFS AND RPCBIND
	4.11. CONFIGURING THE NFS SERVER TO RUN BEHIND A FIREWALL
	4.12. EXPORTING RPC QUOTA THROUGH A FIREWALL
	4.13. ENABLING NFS OVER RDMA (NFSORDMA)
	4.14. CONFIGURING AN NFSV4-ONLY SERVER
		4.14.1. Benefits and drawbacks of an NFSv4-only server
		4.14.2. NFS and rpcbind
		4.14.3. Configuring the NFS server to support only NFSv4
		4.14.4. Verifying the NFSv4-only configuration
	4.15. RELATED INFORMATION
CHAPTER 5. SECURING NFS
	5.1. NFS SECURITY WITH AUTH_SYS AND EXPORT CONTROLS
	5.2. NFS SECURITY WITH AUTH_GSS
	5.3. CONFIGURING AN NFS SERVER AND CLIENT TO USE KERBEROS
	5.4. NFSV4 SECURITY OPTIONS
	5.5. FILE PERMISSIONS ON MOUNTED NFS EXPORTS
CHAPTER 6. ENABLING PNFS SCSI LAYOUTS IN NFS
	6.1. THE PNFS TECHNOLOGY
	6.2. PNFS SCSI LAYOUTS
		Operations between the client and the server
		Device reservations
	6.3. CHECKING FOR A SCSI DEVICE COMPATIBLE WITH PNFS
	6.4. SETTING UP PNFS SCSI ON THE SERVER
	6.5. SETTING UP PNFS SCSI ON THE CLIENT
	6.6. RELEASING THE PNFS SCSI RESERVATION ON THE SERVER
	6.7. MONITORING PNFS SCSI LAYOUTS FUNCTIONALITY
		6.7.1. Checking pNFS SCSI operations from the server using nfsstat
		6.7.2. Checking pNFS SCSI operations from the client using mountstats
CHAPTER 7. MOUNTING AN SMB SHARE ON RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX
	7.1. SUPPORTED SMB PROTOCOL VERSIONS
	7.2. UNIX EXTENSIONS SUPPORT
	7.3. MANUALLY MOUNTING AN SMB SHARE
	7.4. MOUNTING AN SMB SHARE AUTOMATICALLY WHEN THE SYSTEM BOOTS
	7.5. AUTHENTICATING TO AN SMB SHARE USING A CREDENTIALS FILE
	7.6. PERFORMING A MULTI-USER SMB MOUNT
		7.6.1. Mounting a share with the multiuser option
		7.6.2. Verifying if an SMB share is mounted with the multiuser option
		7.6.3. Accessing a share as a user
	7.7. FREQUENTLY USED MOUNT OPTIONS
CHAPTER 8. OVERVIEW OF PERSISTENT NAMING ATTRIBUTES
	8.1. DISADVANTAGES OF NON-PERSISTENT NAMING ATTRIBUTES
	8.2. FILE SYSTEM AND DEVICE IDENTIFIERS
		File system identifiers
		Device identifiers
		Recommendations
	8.3. DEVICE NAMES MANAGED BY THE UDEV MECHANISM IN /DEV/DISK/
		8.3.1. File system identifiers
			The UUID attribute in /dev/disk/by-uuid/
			The Label attribute in /dev/disk/by-label/
		8.3.2. Device identifiers
			The WWID attribute in /dev/disk/by-id/
			The Partition UUID attribute in /dev/disk/by-partuuid
			The Path attribute in /dev/disk/by-path/
	8.4. THE WORLD WIDE IDENTIFIER WITH DM MULTIPATH
	8.5. LIMITATIONS OF THE UDEV DEVICE NAMING CONVENTION
	8.6. LISTING PERSISTENT NAMING ATTRIBUTES
	8.7. MODIFYING PERSISTENT NAMING ATTRIBUTES
CHAPTER 9. GETTING STARTED WITH PARTITIONS
	9.1. VIEWING THE PARTITION TABLE
		9.1.1. Viewing the partition table with parted
		9.1.2. Example output of parted print
	9.2. CREATING A PARTITION TABLE ON A DISK
		9.2.1. Considerations before modifying partitions on a disk
			The maximum number of partitions
			The maximum size of a partition
			Size alignment
		9.2.2. Comparison of partition table types
		9.2.3. Creating a partition table on a disk with parted
	9.3. CREATING A PARTITION
		9.3.1. Considerations before modifying partitions on a disk
			The maximum number of partitions
			The maximum size of a partition
			Size alignment
		9.3.2. Partition types
			Partition types or flags
			Partition file system type
		9.3.3. Partition naming scheme
		9.3.4. Mount points and disk partitions
		9.3.5. Creating a partition with parted
		9.3.6. Setting a partition type with fdisk
	9.4. REMOVING A PARTITION
		9.4.1. Considerations before modifying partitions on a disk
			The maximum number of partitions
			The maximum size of a partition
			Size alignment
		9.4.2. Removing a partition with parted
	9.5. RESIZING A PARTITION
		9.5.1. Considerations before modifying partitions on a disk
			The maximum number of partitions
			The maximum size of a partition
			Size alignment
		9.5.2. Resizing a partition with parted
CHAPTER 10. GETTING STARTED WITH XFS
	10.1. THE XFS FILE SYSTEM
		Performance characteristics
	10.2. CREATING AN XFS FILE SYSTEM
		10.2.1. Creating an XFS file system with mkfs.xfs
		10.2.2. Creating an XFS file system on a block device using RHEL System Roles
			10.2.2.1. Example Ansible playbook to create an XFS file system on a block device
			10.2.2.2. Additional resources
	10.3. BACKING UP AN XFS FILE SYSTEM
		10.3.1. Features of XFS backup
		10.3.2. Backing up an XFS file system with xfsdump
		10.3.3. Additional resources
	10.4. RESTORING AN XFS FILE SYSTEM FROM BACKUP
		10.4.1. Features of restoring XFS from backup
		10.4.2. Restoring an XFS file system from backup with xfsrestore
		10.4.3. Informational messages when restoring an XFS backup from a tape
		10.4.4. Additional resources
	10.5. INCREASING THE SIZE OF AN XFS FILE SYSTEM
		10.5.1. Increasing the size of an XFS file system with xfs_growfs
	10.6. COMPARISON OF TOOLS USED WITH EXT4 AND XFS
CHAPTER 11. CONFIGURING XFS ERROR BEHAVIOR
	11.1. CONFIGURABLE ERROR HANDLING IN XFS
	11.2. CONFIGURATION FILES FOR SPECIFIC AND UNDEFINED XFS ERROR CONDITIONS
	11.3. SETTING XFS BEHAVIOR FOR SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
	11.4. SETTING XFS BEHAVIOR FOR UNDEFINED CONDITIONS
	11.5. SETTING THE XFS UNMOUNT BEHAVIOR
CHAPTER 12. CHECKING AND REPAIRING A FILE SYSTEM
	12.1. SCENARIOS THAT REQUIRE A FILE SYSTEM CHECK
	12.2. POTENTIAL SIDE EFFECTS OF RUNNING FSCK
	12.3. ERROR-HANDLING MECHANISMS IN XFS
		Unclean unmounts
		Corruption
	12.4. CHECKING AN XFS FILE SYSTEM WITH XFS_REPAIR
	12.5. REPAIRING AN XFS FILE SYSTEM WITH XFS_REPAIR
	12.6. ERROR HANDLING MECHANISMS IN EXT2, EXT3, AND EXT4
	12.7. CHECKING AN EXT2, EXT3, OR EXT4 FILE SYSTEM WITH E2FSCK
	12.8. REPAIRING AN EXT2, EXT3, OR EXT4 FILE SYSTEM WITH E2FSCK
CHAPTER 13. MOUNTING FILE SYSTEMS
	13.1. THE LINUX MOUNT MECHANISM
	13.2. LISTING CURRENTLY MOUNTED FILE SYSTEMS
	13.3. MOUNTING A FILE SYSTEM WITH MOUNT
	13.4. MOVING A MOUNT POINT
	13.5. UNMOUNTING A FILE SYSTEM WITH UMOUNT
	13.6. COMMON MOUNT OPTIONS
	13.7. SHARING A MOUNT ON MULTIPLE MOUNT POINTS
		13.7.1. Types of shared mounts
		13.7.2. Creating a private mount point duplicate
		13.7.3. Creating a shared mount point duplicate
		13.7.4. Creating a slave mount point duplicate
		13.7.5. Preventing a mount point from being duplicated
		13.7.6. Related information
	13.8. PERSISTENTLY MOUNTING FILE SYSTEMS
		13.8.1. The /etc/fstab file
		13.8.2. Adding a file system to /etc/fstab
		13.8.3. Persistently mounting a file system using RHEL System Roles
			13.8.3.1. Example Ansible playbook to persistently mount a file system
			13.8.3.2. Additional resources
	13.9. MOUNTING FILE SYSTEMS ON DEMAND
		13.9.1. The autofs service
		13.9.2. The autofs configuration files
			The master map file
			Map files
			The amd map format
		13.9.3. Configuring autofs mount points
		13.9.4. Automounting NFS server user home directories with autofs service
		13.9.5. Overriding or augmenting autofs site configuration files
		13.9.6. Using LDAP to store automounter maps
	13.10. SETTING READ-ONLY PERMISSIONS FOR THE ROOT FILE SYSTEM
		13.10.1. Files and directories that always retain write permissions
		13.10.2. Configuring the root file system to mount with read-only permissions on boot
CHAPTER 14. LIMITING STORAGE SPACE USAGE WITH QUOTAS
	14.1. DISK QUOTAS
		14.1.1. The xfs_quota tool
			Additional resources
	14.2. MANAGING XFS DISK QUOTAS
		14.2.1. File system quota management in XFS
		14.2.2. Enabling disk quotas for XFS
		14.2.3. Reporting XFS usage
			Prerequisites
			Procedure
			Additional resources
		14.2.4. Modifying XFS quota limits
			Prerequisites
			Procedure
			Additional resources
		14.2.5. Setting project limits for XFS
			Procedure
			Additional resources
	14.3. MANAGING EXT3 AND EXT4 DISK QUOTAS
		14.3.1. Installing the quota tool
		14.3.2. Enabling quota feature on file system creation
		14.3.3. Enabling quota feature on existing file systems
		14.3.4. Enabling quota enforcement
		14.3.5. Assigning quotas per user
		14.3.6. Assigning quotas per group
		14.3.7. Assigning quotas per project
		14.3.8. Setting the grace period for soft limits
		14.3.9. Turning file system quotas off
		14.3.10. Reporting on disk quotas
CHAPTER 15. DISCARDING UNUSED BLOCKS
	15.1. BLOCK DISCARD OPERATIONS
		Requirements
	15.2. TYPES OF BLOCK DISCARD OPERATIONS
		Recommendations
	15.3. PERFORMING BATCH BLOCK DISCARD
	15.4. ENABLING ONLINE BLOCK DISCARD
	15.5. ENABLING ONLINE BLOCK DISCARD USING RHEL SYSTEM ROLES
		15.5.1. Example Ansible playbook to enable online block discard
		15.5.2. Additional resources
	15.6. ENABLING PERIODIC BLOCK DISCARD
CHAPTER 16. MANAGING LAYERED LOCAL STORAGE WITH STRATIS
	16.1. SETTING UP STRATIS FILE SYSTEMS
		16.1.1. The purpose and features of Stratis
		16.1.2. Components of a Stratis volume
		16.1.3. Block devices usable with Stratis
			Supported devices
			Unsupported devices
		16.1.4. Installing Stratis
		16.1.5. Creating a Stratis pool
		16.1.6. Creating a Stratis file system
		16.1.7. Mounting a Stratis file system
		16.1.8. Persistently mounting a Stratis file system
		16.1.9. Related information
	16.2. EXTENDING A STRATIS VOLUME WITH ADDITIONAL BLOCK DEVICES
		16.2.1. Components of a Stratis volume
		16.2.2. Adding block devices to a Stratis pool
		16.2.3. Related information
	16.3. MONITORING STRATIS FILE SYSTEMS
		16.3.1. Stratis sizes reported by different utilities
		16.3.2. Displaying information about Stratis volumes
		16.3.3. Related information
	16.4. USING SNAPSHOTS ON STRATIS FILE SYSTEMS
		16.4.1. Characteristics of Stratis snapshots
		16.4.2. Creating a Stratis snapshot
		16.4.3. Accessing the content of a Stratis snapshot
		16.4.4. Reverting a Stratis file system to a previous snapshot
		16.4.5. Removing a Stratis snapshot
		16.4.6. Related information
	16.5. REMOVING STRATIS FILE SYSTEMS
		16.5.1. Components of a Stratis volume
		16.5.2. Removing a Stratis file system
		16.5.3. Removing a Stratis pool
		16.5.4. Related information
CHAPTER 17. GETTING STARTED WITH AN EXT3 FILE SYSTEM
	17.1. FEATURES OF AN EXT3 FILE SYSTEM
	17.2. CREATING AN EXT3 FILE SYSTEM
	17.3. MOUNTING AN EXT3 FILE SYSTEM
	17.4. RESIZING AN EXT3 FILE SYSTEM
	17.5. CREATING AND MOUNTING EXT3 FILE SYSTEMS USING RHEL SYSTEM ROLES
		17.5.1. Example Ansible playbook to create and mount an ext3 file system
		17.5.2. Additional resources
CHAPTER 18. GETTING STARTED WITH AN EXT4 FILE SYSTEM
	18.1. FEATURES OF AN EXT4 FILE SYSTEM
	18.2. CREATING AN EXT4 FILE SYSTEM
	18.3. MOUNTING AN EXT4 FILE SYSTEM
	18.4. RESIZING AN EXT4 FILE SYSTEM
	18.5. CREATING AND MOUNTING EXT4 FILE SYSTEMS USING RHEL SYSTEM ROLES
		18.5.1. Example Ansible playbook to create and mount an ext4 file system
	18.6. COMPARISON OF TOOLS USED WITH EXT4 AND XFS