Reconstruction: people and perspectives

Cover......Page 1
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Series Introduction......Page 8
Introduction......Page 12
The Civil War, Abolition, and the South......Page 13
The Course of Reconstruction......Page 14
The Historiography of Reconstruction......Page 19
References and Further Reading......Page 23
About the Editors and Contributors......Page 26
Chronology......Page 28
1. The Meaning of Freedom for African American Men......Page 42
Experiencing a Sea of Change......Page 43
Defining Freedom......Page 45
Labor Issues......Page 51
Land Ownership......Page 53
Other Social Barriers to Freedom......Page 55
Conclusion......Page 59
References and Further Reading......Page 60
2. White Women in Reconstruction......Page 62
The World the War Wrought: A Hopeless Future?......Page 63
White Women’s Changing Labors, In and Out of the Household......Page 69
White Women and the Transformation of White Supremacy......Page 76
Southern White Women, Voluntary Associations, and a Growing Public Sphere......Page 80
References and Further Reading......Page 84
3. African Americans in Southern Cities......Page 86
Population Growth in the Urban South: From Slavery to Freedom......Page 88
The Course of Reconstruction in Southern Cities......Page 92
Work and Labor Organizations......Page 96
Urban Living Conditions......Page 99
Religion and Education......Page 100
Conclusion......Page 105
References and Further Reading......Page 106
4. Northerners in the Reconstruction South......Page 108
Wartime Beginnings......Page 112
Northerners in the Postwar South......Page 115
Carpetbagger Politics......Page 119
A Fool’s Errand?......Page 122
References and Further Reading......Page 126
5. American Indian Issues during Reconstruction......Page 130
Indian Territory and the Civil War......Page 131
The Reconstruction Settlement......Page 135
Railways Arrive in the Indian Territory......Page 137
Reconstruction and the Muskogee-Creek Nation......Page 140
Reconstruction and the Cherokee Nation......Page 143
The Freedpersons of Indian Territory......Page 146
Conclusion......Page 150
References and Further Reading......Page 151
6. Former Slaveholders and the Planter Class......Page 154
War and Confederate Defeat......Page 156
Southern Landowners and the Postwar Economy......Page 160
The Planter Class, Black Labor, and Racial Violence......Page 165
Conclusion......Page 171
References and Further Reading......Page 174
7. Black Women, Work, and Freedom......Page 176
Black Women and Work during Slavery......Page 177
The Reconstruction of Work......Page 178
The Work of Reconstruction: Building Black Businesses and Communities......Page 191
Jim Crow and New Work Opportunities......Page 192
Conclusion......Page 197
References and Further Reading......Page 199
8. Former Confederate and Union Soldiers in Reconstruction......Page 202
Coming Home......Page 206
Coming to Terms with Peace......Page 215
Conclusion......Page 222
References and Further Reading......Page 226
Richard Taylor Discusses the Impact of the South’s Military Collapse......Page 230
Freedmen on the Plantations......Page 232
“Domestic Relations of the Freedmen”......Page 235
Jonathan Trowbridge on Black Life and Labor in Chattanooga, 1866......Page 237
“Juhl” on Black Protest and Economic Conditions in South Carolina......Page 238
Extracts from Letters Written by Margaret Newbold Thorpe, a Northern Teacher in Virginia, 1866......Page 240
Letter from Rosa Buchanan Lunday to President Andrew Johnson......Page 242
”Another Social Difficulty—A Colored Man Ejected from Railway Cars”......Page 244
Testimony of Charlotte Fowler before the Joint Select Committee to Inquire into the Condition of Affairs in the Late Insurrectionary States......Page 245
Freedmen’s Bureau Agents Report from Demopolis, Alabama......Page 248
Interview with African American Rev. Frank T. Boone, Little Rock, Arkansas, c. 1936–1938......Page 250
Eleventh Annual Report of the Commission of Home Missions to Colored People, Protestant Episcopal Church, A.D. 1875–1876. St. Mark’s Church, Wilmington, North Carolina, Rev. C. O. Brady......Page 252
“Postwar Notes”......Page 254
Address Delivered before the South Carolina Historical Society on Their Twenty-First Anniversary, May 19, 1876, by William J. Rivers......Page 255
Oliver Wendell Holmes Memorial Day Address at Keene, New Hampshire, 1884......Page 257
Reference......Page 260
Bibliography......Page 284
Index......Page 306