Recent Trends in Electronics and Communication: Select Proceedings of VCAS 2020

Contents
About the Editors
Design and Comparison of Low-Power, High-Speed T Flip Flop, and 4-Bit Asynchronous Counter Using Various Design Techniques
	1 Introduction
	2 Gate Diffusion Input Logic
	3 T Flip Flop
		3.1 CMOS Based TFF
		3.2 TGB Based T Flip Flop
		3.3 GDI Based TFF
	4 Asynchronous Counter
	5 Simulation and Performance Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Performance Evaluation of Bimetallic Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Ti3C2Tx (MXene)
	1 Introduction
	2 Sensor Design, Theoretical Model and Performance Factors
		2.1 Sensor Performance Factor
	3 Results and Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Optimized FPGA Implementation of 64-Point FFT Using Folding Transformation
	1 Introduction
	2 FFT Algorithm
		2.1 Radix-2 Point Butterfly Structure of FFT
	3 Folding Transformation Technique
	4 Pipeline Implementation
		4.1 Architecture Selection
		4.2 Architecture via Folding
	5 Result and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Optimization of Antenna Parameters Using Neural Network Technique for Terahertz Band Applications
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna
		1.2 Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
	2 Creating Dataset
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Training Neural Network in MATLAB
		3.2 Results of Antenna Simulation
	4 Conclusion
	References
BE-Sync: A Bandwidth Efficient Time Synchronization for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work in Time Synchronization
	3 System Model
		3.1 Clock Model
		3.2 Network Architecture
		3.3 Mobility Model
		3.4 Back-Off Model
		3.5 Mahalanobis Distances
		3.6 Linear Regression
	4 Details of Proposed Methodology
		4.1 Overview of BE-Sync
		4.2 Impact of Collision and Message Exchange of BE-Sync
	5 Performance Evaluation
		5.1 Simulation Setup
		5.2 Simulation Result
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
An Analysis of Analog Performance for High-K Gate Stack Dielectric Pocket Double-Gate-All-Around (DP-DGAA) MOSFET
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Structure and Simulation Details
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Novel Design of Cylindrical DRA Built MIMO Antenna for 5G Future Prospective Covering (n78/n79) Bands
	1 Introduction
	2 3D Geometrical Arrangement of the Proposed Antenna
	3 Antenna Analysis and Mathematical Validation
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Diversity Representation of the Present MIMO Antenna
	6 Conclusion
	References
Investigation of Analog Performance of In0.53Ga0.47As-Based Nanotube Double-Gate-All-Around (DGAA) MOSFET
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Structure and Simulation Framework
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Integrated Clock Gating Analysis of TG Based D Flip-Flop for Different Technology Nodes
	1 Introduction
	2 Implementation of TG Based D Flip-Flop and ICG Technique
		2.1 TG-Based D Flip-Flop
		2.2 ICG Circuit
	3 Simulation Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design of Ku Band HEMT-Based Class AB Amplifier
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Circuit Description
		3.1 DC Analysis
		3.2 Block Diagram for Class AB Amplifier
		3.3 Load Pull Analysis
		3.4 Impedance Matching
	4 Simulations and Results
		4.1 Power Added Efficiency (PAE)
		4.2 Gain
		4.3 Power Delivered
		4.4 Matching Network Responses
	5 Conclusion
	References
X Band Class F Power Amplifier for Satellite Communication
	1 Introduction
	2 DC Biasing
	3 Simulation and Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Investigation of GNR Based Meta-Material Antenna for Single and Dual Band THz Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Formulation and Analysis of Graphene
		2.1 Mathematical Analysis of Graphene Surface Conductivity
		2.2 Split Ring Resonator (SRR) Analysis
	3 Antenna Geometry
	4 Simulated Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Study of Silicon and In0.53Ga0.47As-Based Gate-All-Around (GAA) MOSFETs
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Structure and Simulation Approach
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Simple and Sturdy Hybrid Interference Canceller for a DS-CDMA System in Multipath Environment for Static and Mobile Users
	1 Introduction
	2 Receiver Signal Model
		2.1 Received Signal Model for Static Users
		2.2 Received Signal Model for Users in Motion
	3 Interference Canceller Module
	4 Simulation and Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Performance Evaluation of SPR Sensor on Using Graphene/TMDCs in Visible and Near Infrared Wavelength Regime
	1 Introduction
	2 SPR Sensor Modeling
		2.1 N-layer Modeling
		2.2 Performance Parameters of Sensor
		2.3 Sensor Configuration
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Integration of Mobile and Web Application with Accident Detection System
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of the Accident Detection and Notification System
	3 The Algorithm
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 The Mobile Application
		4.2 The Web Application
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design and Analysis of Multiplexer Based D-Flip Flop Using QCA Implementation
	1 Introduction
		1.1 QCA Fundamentals
		1.2 Basic Gate Implementation Using QCA
	2 Implementation of Proposed D-FF Using QCA
		2.1 Proposed Positive Edge-Triggered D-FF
		2.2 Proposed Negative Edge-Triggered D-FF
		2.3 Proposed Design of D-FF with Set/Reset Ability
		2.4 Implementation of 3-Bit Shift Register Using Proposed D-FF
	3 Simulation Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Novel High-Throughput Medium Access Control Protocol for Concurrent Transmissions in Internet of Things
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Related Work
	3 System Model
		3.1 Network Scenario
		3.2 Time-Frame Structure Operation
		3.3 Operation of CT-MAC Protocol
	4 Simulation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Comparative Investigation of SiGe Junctionless Triple Gate (JLTG) and Junctionless Gate-All-Around (JL-GAA) MOSFET
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Structure and Simulation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Electrostatic Performance
		3.2 Analog Performance
		3.3 RF Performance
	4 Conclusions
	References
Thermal Stability Analysis of Graded-Channel Dual-Material Double-Gate (GCDMDG) MOSFET for Analog Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Design Structure
	3 Thermal Stability Analysis
	4 Common Source Amplifier
	5 Conclusion
	References
Data and Bandwidth Analysis of CAN Bus in a System Using MATLAB
	1 Introduction
	2 CAN Bus Node
	3 Data Format of CAN Bus
	4 Data Analysis in CAN Bus
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
DV-EXCCCII-Based Electronically Tunable Current Mode Filter
	1 Introduction
	2 Circuit Description and Analysis
		2.1 Circuit Implementation
		2.2 Non-ideal Analysis
	3 Comparative Research
	4 Simulation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Non-destructive Quality Estimation of Packaged Ceramic Tiles Using Millimeter Wave Imaging Radar
	1 Introduction
	2 Millimeter Wave Imaging Radar System Design
		2.1 Experiment Arrangement
		2.2 Concealed Target Fault Detection Application
	3 Methodology for Undercover Target Fault Classification
		3.1 Signal Pre-processing
		3.2 Signal Post-Processing—Feature Extraction
		3.3 Best Feature Estimation—Separability Measure
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Negative Capacitance Double-Gate Junctionless Transistor for the Variation of Device Parameters
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Structure and Simulation Setup
	3 Simulation Result and Discussion
		3.1 Impact of Ferroelectric Layer Thickness
		3.2 Impact of Oxide Layer Thickness Variation
		3.3 Impact of Silicon Thickness Variation
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Compact Size Planar Microstrip-Fed Patch Antenna with Hexagonal DGS Slot for WLAN Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Specification
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Throughput Enhancement in Wireless Sensor Network by Novel Genetic Algorithm-Fuzzy Method (NGA-F)
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Classification Models Based on Training Approaches
	4 Proposed Hybrid ANFIS for Throughput Improvement
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Analysis of Transversely Porous Core PCF with Square Airhole Cladding
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Modeling of the Proposed Structure
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Single-Side-Polished Gold-Coated SPR-Based PCF RI Sensor
	1 Introduction
	2 Geometrical Modeling and Numerical Analysis
		2.1 The Proposed sensor’s Fabrication Compatibility
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Dispersion Relations
		3.2 Effect of Gold Layer Thickness (t), Small (d) and Large (D) Air Hole Diameter on Sensing Performance
	4 Conclusion
	References
Application of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) in Glucose Liquid Sample Sensing Using SPR Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical, Mathematical Overview and Design Consideration
	3 Result Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Sensing Range Analysis in Non-Conventional WSNs: MI Communication
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Motivation
		1.2 Contribution
	2 Sensing Models in MI Based Non-Conventional Media
		2.1 Distance Based Sensing Model
		2.2 Angular-Based Sensing Model
	3 Results and Analysis
		3.1 Distance Based Model
		3.2 Angular Based Model
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design and Analysis of Bulk-Driven Linear Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Current-Starved NMOS VCO
		2.2 Current-Starved PMOS VCO
		2.3 NMOS Diode VCO
		2.4 PMOS Diode VCO
	3 Proposed Circuit
		3.1 Current-Starved NMOS VCO with Bulk Driver
		3.2 Current-Starved PMOS VCO with Bulk Driver
		3.3 NMOS Diode VCO with Bulk Driver
		3.4 PMOS Diode VCO with Bulk Driver
	4 Comparative Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Analysis of Decimal Fixed-Point Parallel Multipliers Using Signed Digit Radix-4, 5 and 10 Encodings
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Generation of Multiplicand Multiples
		2.2 Multiplier Recoding
		2.3 Partial Product Generation
		2.4 Partial Product Reduction (PPR)
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Consensus Mechanism for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading
	1 Introduction
	2 The Consensus Mechanism for P2P Energy Trading
		2.1 Proof-of-Work
		2.2 Proof-of-Stake
		2.3 Delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance
	3 Conclusion
	References
Circularly Polarized Wideband Ring CDRA for Wireless Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Design and Geometry of the Antenna
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Performance Improvement of 28 GHz Antenna Array for Fifth-Generation Wireless Communication System
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Antenna Design
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Resonant Frequency
		3.2 Gain–Efficiency
		3.3 Radiation Patterns
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design and Implementation of Phase Frequency Detectors for Low-Power PLL
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Characteristics of Phase/Frequency Detector
	3 Implementation of Phase/Frequency Detector
		3.1 Pass Transistor-Based PFD
		3.2 Proposed Pass Transistor-Based PFD with AVLG
		3.3 Proposed PFD Circuit Without Reset Path
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of QCA-Based Serial Concatenated Convolution Coding Encoder for Error Correction
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Implementation of Proposed SCCC Encoder
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Performance Evaluation of Master–Slave D Flip Flop Based on Charge Retention Feedback Pass Transistor Logic in Nanotechnology
	1 Introduction
	2 Flip Flop Design Approach
	3 Proposed Work
		3.1 Charge Retention Pass Logic Static DFF (CRPLS-DFF)
		3.2 Charge Retention Pass Logic Dynamic DFF (CRPLD-DFF)
	4 Simulation Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Subthreshold Gain Enhanced Bulk- and FVF-Driven Self-cascode Current Mirror OTA and Its Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Circuit Schematic of Bulk-Driven OTA
	3 Simulation Results
		3.1 AC Response in Open Loop Configuration
		3.2 Simulation Under Unity Gain Configuration of BD-SC-CM-OTA
	4 Application of BD-SC-CM-OTA Cells
		4.1 SIMO Biquadratic Filter
		4.2 Multiple Input Single Output Biquadratic Filter
		4.3 Low-Frequency Three-Phase Oscillators
		4.4 OTA Based Instrumentation Amplifier
	5 Conclusions
	References
Low-Power MISO Biquadratic Filter and Diode-Less Full Wave Rectifier Using CM-BD-MO-OTA for Bio-signals
	1 Introduction
	2 Circuit Schematic of Current Mirror Bulk-Driven MO-OTA
	3 Simulation Results
		3.1 Simulations in Open-Loop Configuration
		3.2 Simulation Under Unity Gain Configuration of BD-CM-MO-OTA
	4 Applications of BD-CM-MO-OTA Cells
		4.1 Diode-Less Full Wave Rectifier
		4.2 MISO Biquadratic Filter Using BD-MO-OTA
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Multi-tiered Automatic License Plate Recognition Strategy Using YOLOv2 Detector
	1 Introduction
	2 Moving Vehicle Detection and Segmentation
	3 License Plate Detection and Extraction
	4 Pre-processing of Segmented ROI
	5 Prior Analysis Strategies
	6 Character Recognition
	7 Results
	8 Conclusion
	References
Bandwidth Enhancement of Trapezoidal Toothed Log-Periodic Antenna Using Slot Configuration
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Principle of TTLPA
	3 Antenna Configurations
		3.1 Non-planar TTLPA
		3.2 Planar TTLPA
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Bandwidth Comparison
		4.2 Current Distribution on Antenna Surface
		4.3 Radiation Pattern
		4.4 Gain and Efficiency
	5 Conclusion
	References
DV-EXCCCII-Based Electronically Tunable Voltage Mode All-Pass Filter
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Filter Analysis
		2.1 Circuit Implementation
		2.2 Non-ideal Behavior
	3 Comparative Research
	4 Simulation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Low-Power Shift Registers Using Fully Static Contention Free Single-Phase Clocked Flip Flop
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Conventional True Single-Phase Clock (20 T) D Flip Flop
	2 Contention Free Single-Phase Clocked Flip Flop
	3 Proposed 4-bit Shift Registers Topologies
		3.1 Proposed Serial in Serial Out (SISO) Shift Register Based on 18 T SPC Flip Flop
		3.2 Proposed Parallel in Parallel Out (PIPO) Shift Register Based on 18 T SPC Flip Flop
		3.3 Proposed Serial in Parallel Out (SIPO) Shift Register Based on 18 T SPC FF
	4 Simulation Results Analysis
	5 Layout Design
	6 Conclusion
	References
FPGA-Based Display Driver Design with Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) Support Using MODBUS
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed System
		3.1 Memory Interfaces
		3.2 Display Controller Design
		3.3 Network Protocol for RTU Support
	4 Integrated Display Driver with RTU Support
	5 Result and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Dual-Band Pentagonal-Shape Hybrid Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna for C-Band Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Geometry
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Performance Evaluation of Various Precipitation Algorithms Over the Indian Subcontinent Region
	1 Introduction
	2 Data Used in the Work
		2.1 Kalpana-1 Data
		2.2 TMPA-3B42v7
		2.3 GSMaP Data
		2.4 Automatic Weather Station (AWS) Rain Gauge Data
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Selection of Categorical Statistics
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Case Study-I (27th July, 2015)
		4.2 Case Study-II (09th November, 2015)
		4.3 Case Study-III (1st December, 2015)
		4.4 Case Study-IV (07th July, 2016)
		4.5 Validation of AWS Data
	5 Conclusions
	References
A FSS- and Metasurface-Loaded Dual-Polarized High-Gain Waveguide Array
	1 Introduction
	2 Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Array
	3 Scattering and Radiation Behavior
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design and Implementation of Direct Memory Access & Compression in PSoC5LP
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Differences Between a Conventional SoC and PSoC
		3.1 Programmable System on Chip
	4 Implementation of DMA in PSoC5LP
	5 Start the DMA Wizard
		5.1 Selection of DMA Channel Wizard
	6 Implementation of Compression Algorithm
		6.1 Delta Encoding
		6.2 Run Length Encoding
		6.3 Delta and Run Length Encoding
	7 Discussion
	8 Conclusion
	References
Security of Medical Images Using DWT and SVD Watermarking Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Different Security Techniques Used for Medical Images
		2.1 Discrete Wavelet Transform
		2.2 Singular Value Decomposition
		2.3 Medical Imaging Security Requirements
	3 Proposed Image Watermarking Technique
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Designing Multimodal Cognitive Model of Emotion Recognition Using Voice and EEG Signal
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Negative Emotions
		1.2 Positive Emotions
		1.3 Emotion-Based Intelligent Systems
		1.4 Effects of Emotions on Human Behaviour
		1.5 Relation of Emotion and Cognition
		1.6 Detection of Emotions
		1.7 Affective Computing
	2 Proposed Work and Methodology
	3 Literature Review
		3.1 Previous Emotions Study Based on EEG
		3.2 Previous Emotions Study Based on Speech
	4 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Butler Matrix Design for Smart Antenna in X-Band Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Butler Matrix Design for Beamforming
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
On Body Antenna for WiMAX and WLAN-Band Operations
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Design and Study
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Performance Analysis of Gate-Stack Nanoscaled Recessed-S/D SOI-MOSFET for Analog Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Design Strategies and Process Flow
	3 Simulation Methodology
	4 Performance Investigation of Gate-Stack TMG: SOI-MOSFET in Re-S/D Technology
		4.1 Impact of Temperature on Gate-Stack TMG: SOI-MOSFET in Re-S/D Technology
		4.2 Impact of Temperature on Analog Performance
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Novel Compact 360° Azimuth Scanning Antenna Array for L-Band Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Process
		2.1 Antenna Array Design
		2.2 Power Divider Design
		2.3 Antenna Array Integrated with Power Divider
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Beam Steering Circuit
	4 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Image Segmentation Algorithms for Infrared Images
	1 Introduction
	2 Image Segmentation Algorithms
		2.1 Ostu Method
		2.2 Max Entropy Method
		2.3 Triangle Method
		2.4 Percentile Method
	3 Comparison of Image Segmentation Algorithms
		3.1 Experiments and Results
		3.2 Evaluations
	4 Conclusion
	References
Low-Area, High-Throughput Field-Programmable Gate Array Implementation of Microprocessor Without Interlocked Pipeline Stages
	1 Introduction
	2 High-Level Synthesis
	3 Architecture of MIPS Processor
	4 Design Methodology
	5 Results
		5.1 Simulation Results
		5.2 Results of FPGA Implementation
		5.3 Comparison of Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Low Power 3-Stage Ring Voltage Controlled Oscillator with Wide Tuning Range and Active Load
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Topologies and Background of RVCO
	2 Design Description of Proposed RVCO
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
865–867 MHz 180 nm Transmitter with Direct BPSK Modulation for Wireless Sensor Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Work
		2.1 BPSK Modulator
		2.2 Power Amplifier
		2.3 Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO)
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Improving the Charging System at Urban Places for Electric Vehicle
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Our Proposal: Improving EVs Charge Strategies
	4 Simulation Environment
	5 Results
	6 Conclusions
	References
Reduction of Mutual Coupling in Dual Band Antenna Array Using Novel Metamaterial Structure
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Antenna Design
	3 Proposed Metamaterial Unit Cell
	4 Parametric Analysis for Placement of Metamaterial Unit Cells
		4.1 Case-0
		4.2 Case-1
		4.3 Case-2
		4.4 Case-3
		4.5 Case-4
		4.6 Case-5
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Audio Watermarking Scheme for Ownership Verification Using ANN Based Optimal Quantization Strategy
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Proposed Audio Watermarking Scheme
		3.1 Watermark Embedding
		3.2 Watermark Extraction
		3.3 Finding of the Optimal Quantization Factor Using ANN
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 ANN Approach to Obtain the Optimal Quantization Factor
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design, Optimization, and Critical Analysis of Hybrid Frequency Selective Surface in the Range of 1–18 GHz
	1 Introduction
	2 Design and Analysis of the Structure
	3 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Transient Fault Detection Models
	1 Introduction
	2 Fault Detection Models
		2.1 DWC
		2.2 TR
		2.3 Razor-II
		2.4 TDTB
		2.5 DSTB
		2.6 TFMS
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Deep Learning-Based Modulation Classification of Communication Signals
	1 Introduction
	2 Data Preprocessing
	3 Deep Neural Network Architectures
		3.1 Convolutional Neural Network (ConvNet/CNN)
		3.2 Fully Connected Neural Network (FCNN)
		3.3 Inception Convolutional Neural Network (ICNN/IncNet)
	4 Results
		4.1 Fully Connected Layers
		4.2 Convolutional Neural Net with Batch Normalization
		4.3 Inception Convolutional Neural Network
	5 Conclusion
	References
Biomedical Watermaking Using Arnold Transformation
	1 Introduction
	2 Challenges in Medical Imaging
	3 Categories of Attacks
	4 The Proposed Technique
		4.1 Selection of ROI
		4.2 Discrete Wavelet Transform
		4.3 Arnold Transform
		4.4 Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)
		4.5 Watermark Embedding
		4.6 Watermark Extraction
	5 Experimental Results
		5.1 Parameter of Comparison
	6 Conclusions
	References
Review of Antenna Array for 5G Technology Using mmWave Massive MIMO
	1 Introduction
	2 Observations About mmWave Bands
		2.1 Less Propagation
		2.2 Shorter Wavelengths
		2.3 Penetration
		2.4 Attenuation
		2.5 Power
	3 Antenna Array for mmWave Band
		3.1 Planner Type Array
		3.2 Lens Antenna Array
		3.3 Antenna Array with Various Shapes
		3.4 Patch Array
		3.5 Patch Type 2 × 2 Array
		3.6 Antenna Array (128 Elements) Simulation Analysis
	4 Applications of mmWave
		4.1 IOT (Internet of Things)
		4.2 Vehicular
		4.3 Medical
		4.4 Massive MIMO
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Cattle Health Monitoring and Tracking System
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Applications
	2 Literature Review
	3 Hardware Details
	4 System Modelling and Design
	5 Implementation and Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Utilization and Selection of Best SU Act as Relay via Cooperative NOMA (CNOMA)-Based CRNs for Next-Generation (5G) Communications
	1 Introduction
	2 System Model
	3 Performance Evalution
		3.1 Outage Probability of SUs
		3.2 Outage Probability of PU
		3.3 Outage Capacity of SUs
		3.4 Outage Capacity of PU
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Performance Comparison of FinFET-Based Different Current Mirror Topologies
	1 Introduction
	2 Schematic Diversity for Current Mirror
	3 Simulation Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Two-Element Composite Dielectric Resonator-Based MIMO Antenna for WLAN and WiMAX Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Layout of Antenna
	3 Evolution of Antenna
	4 Conclusion
	References
Heat Flow Modeling of Breast Tumor
	1 Introduction
	2 Heat Flow Modeling of Breast Tumor
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Performance Analysis of Fusion Methods for the Multimodal Fusion of CT/MRI, MRI/PET and PET/CT Brain Images
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Related Work
		2.2 Inferences from Literature
	3 Fusion Approaches
		3.1 Pixel-Based Methods (PBM)
		3.2 Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)
		3.3 Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
		3.4 Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT)
	4 Experimental Results and Discussions
		4.1 Fusion Based on Pixel-Based Methods (PBM)
		4.2 Fusion Based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)
		4.3 Fusion Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
		4.4 Fusion Based on Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT)
	5 Image Quality Assessment Parameters
		5.1 Entropy
		5.2 Structural Similarity Index Metric (SSIM)
		5.3 Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR)
		5.4 Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)
	6 Comparative Analysis of Fusion Methods
	7 Conclusion
	References
Performance Analysis of Task Scheduling Heuristics in Fog Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 Task State Transition in Fog Environment
	3 Task Scheduling Heuristic Description
	4 Performance Assessment
	5 Conclusion
	References
Multi Hop DTN Routing Algorithm for Maritime Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Proposed Methodology
	4 Simulation and Results
	5 Conclusion
	6 Future Work
	References
Performance Evaluation of a Novel Si0.6Ge0.4/Ge Doping-Less TFET for Enhanced Low Power Analog/RF Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Structure and Simulation Setup
		2.1 Device Structure
		2.2 Simulation Setup
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Synthesis of Thinned Antenna Arrays Using Salp Swarm Optimization Techniques
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Formulation
	3 Salp Swarm Algorithm
		3.1 Position Update
		3.2 Distance Computation
	4 Binary Salp Swarm Algorithm
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Thinning and Suppression of MSLL Using SSA and BSSA Without Subarray Strategy
		5.2 Thinning and Suppression of MSLL Using SSA and BSSA with Subarray Strategy
	6 Conclusion
	References
Comparative Analysis of a Dopingless Tunnel FET and MOSFET-Based Current Mirror
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Dopingless TFET
		1.2 Basic Current Mirror
	2 Simulation Results and Discussion
		2.1 output Characteristics Comparison of the Devices
		2.2 Variation in the Output Current (Iout) w.r.t. The Input Voltage (Vin)
		2.3 Variation in the Output Current (Iout) w.r.t. The Output Voltage (Vout)
		2.4 Transient Response to the Square Wave Input
		2.5 Input Impedance (Zin) Alter with Frequency
		2.6 Output Impedance (Zout) Alter with Frequency
		2.7 AC Analysis
	3 Conclusion
	References
Meta-heuristic Algorithm for Energy-Efficient Task Scheduling in Fog Computing
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Task Scheduling Problem in Fog Server
	4 Harris Hawks Optimization Algorithm
	5 Proposed Algorithm for Task Scheduling in Fog Server
	6 An Illustration
	7 Results Analysis
	8 Conclusion
	References
Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Various Reversible Vedic Multiplier Architectures for Reversible Digital Filters
	1 Introduction
	2 Fundamentals of Reversible Logic Design
		2.1 Performance Parameters/Cost Metrics
		2.2 Basic Reversible Gates
	3 Urdhva Tiryagbhyam Sutra
		3.1 Urdhva Tiryagbhyam Sutra: Computation for 2/4-bit Numbers
	4 Implementation of Vedic Multiplier Units
		4.1 Design of 2 * 2 UT Multiplier Unit
		4.2 Proposed Fan-Out Generator
		4.3 Design of 4 * 4 reversible UT multiplier
		4.4 Design of 8 * 8 Reversible UT Multiplier
		4.5 Design of 16 * 16 Reversible UT Multiplier
	5 Results and Analysis
		5.1 Analysis and Comparison Results of the Implemented Reversible Vedic Multiplier Designs
	6 Conclusion
	References
Spectrum Defragmentation in SDM-EONs with Multi-core Fiber for Crosstalk Reduction
	1 Introduction
	2 SDM-EON and Multi Core Fibers
	3 Related Work
	4 Existing and Proposed Strategies
	5 Result and Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Miniaturized Circularly Polarized Broadband Antenna Based on CRLH-TL Metamaterials for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Design
	3 Results and Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Early Detection of Breast Tumor Using Antenna
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Design
	3 Simulation and Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Localized Tamper Detection in Digital Images Using Three Phase Reversible Watermarking
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology of Localized Tamper Detection
		3.1 Embedding Process
		3.2 Extraction, Recovery and Tamper Detection
		3.3 Selection of Integrity Check Algorithm
	4 Experimental Results and Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Nano Opto-Mechanical Tuning of Photonic Crystal Waveguide-Based Device for Pressure Sensing
	1 Introduction
	2 Principle of Operation
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design and Analysis of Thermo-optic Photonic Crystal Waveguide-Based Optical Modulator
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Description
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
A 0.18 µm β-Ga2O3 MOSFET Using Al2O3/HfO2/SiO2 Gate Dielectric for Low-VTH High-Power Electronics Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Design and Simulation
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
ACF/PACF-Based Distance Measurement Techniques for Detection of Blockages in Impulse Lines of a Pressure Measurement Circuit for Nuclear Reactors
	1 Introduction
	2 The Related Work
	3 Pressure Measurement Using Impulse Lines
	4 The Techniques Applied
		4.1 Filtering Process Component of the Pressure Signal
		4.2 Statistical Moments
		4.3 Time Series Clustering
		4.4 Auto Correlation Function and Auto Correlation Distance
	5 Experimental Setup and Test Matrix
	6 Analysis and Results
	7 Conclusions
	References
Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization Based Enhanced Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm for the Segmentation of MRI Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Enhanced FCM
		2.2 Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization
		2.3 Fitness Functions
		2.4 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Recognition of Facial Images via Self-Organizing Landmark Location with Approximate Graph Matching
	1 Background
	2 System Overview
	3 Gabor Feature Extractions
		3.1 Gabor Filters
		3.2 Gabor Coefficients (GC) Formation
		3.3 Landmark Points Detection
		3.4 Landmark Feature Vectors
	4 Bi-Self-Organizing Map
	5 The Proposed Graph Matching Procedure
	6 The Experimental Results
		6.1 Databases Used
		6.2 Experimental Results
		6.3 Performance Analysis
	7 Conclusions
	References
Design of MEMS Phase Shifters for Phased Array Antenna Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Design
		2.1 Phase Shifter Structure with Wilkinson Power Divider Feed Network
		2.2 Antenna Design
	3 Simulation Results
		3.1 Scattering Parameters
		3.2 Phase Shift Characteristics
		3.3 Unwrap Phase Shift Plot
		3.4 Radiation Pattern
	4 Conclusion
	References
Sierpinski Fractal-Based Ceramic Antenna for Wideband Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Aerial Structure and Design
	3 Outcomes and Its Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Further Results on Delay-Dependent Stability Analysis of Uncertain Discrete-Time Systems Exerting Generalized Overflow Nonlinearities and Time-Varying Delays
	1 Introduction
	2 System Description
	3 Main Results
	4 Numerical Examples
	5 Conclusions
	References
Stability Criterion for Implementing Discrete-Time Delayed Systems Subjected to Finite Wordlength Nonlinearities with External Interference
	1 Introduction
	2 System Description
	3 Main Results
	4 Special Cases
	5 Illustrative Example
	6 Conclusion
	References
Study and Design of a Novel Half Adder Circuit Using QCA Gates with Optimized Parameters
	1 Introduction
	2 Fundamentals of QCA
	3 Proposed Design of Half Adder in QCA Technology
	4 Result and Analysis of Proposed QCA Based Half Adder Design
	5 Conclusion
	References
Low-Power Enhanced Speed Two-Tail Dynamically Controlled Comparator Suitable for Subthreshold CMOS Circuits
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Two-Tail Dynamically Controlled Comparator (TTDCC)
		2.1 Circuit Implementation
		2.2 Operation of the Proposed TTDCC
		2.3 Delay Analysis
		2.4 Reduction in Kickback Noise
	3 Simulation Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Charge Plasma-Based Tunnel FET with Enhanced DC Performance Applicable for Ultra-low Power Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Device Dimensions and Model
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Data Collection Website with Brain Tumor and Pneumonia Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Convolutional Neural Network
		2.2 Transfer Learning
	3 Proposed Work
		3.1 Website Development
		3.2 Clinical Dataset
		3.3 Image Pre-processing
		3.4 Feature Extraction and Classification
	4 Results
		4.1 Brain Tumor Detection
		4.2 Pneumonia Detection
		4.3 Inference
	5 Conclusion
	References
Preview Control for Discrete Time Systems
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Examples Related to Preview Control
		1.2 Preview Control
	2 Problem Formulation
	3 Derivation of Augmented System
	4 Preview Controller
		4.1 Preview of State and Output Variables
		4.2 Optimization
	5 Numerical Example
	6 Conclusion
	References
Design of 15-4 Compressor for DSP Application
	1 Introduction
	2 5-3 Compressor
	3 Design of 15-4 Compressor
	4 Simulation Result and Discussion
		4.1 5-3 Compressor
		4.2 Kogge–Stone Adder
		4.3 15–4 Compressor
	5 Conclusion
	References
UWB Antenna for ITS Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Specification
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
FPGA-Based Modulation Technique for Five-to-Three-Phase Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter
	1 Introduction
	2 Five-to-Three-Phase USMC
	3 Modulation Technique for USMC
		3.1 Five-Phase Space Vector
		3.2 SVPWM Three-Phase Inverter
		3.3 SVPWM Five-Phase Rectifier
		3.4 SVPWM Matrix Converter
	4 Modelling and Simulation
		4.1 Filter Design
		4.2 Five-to-Three-phase USMC Simulation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Exact SER for Modulation Schemes Over Generalized Rician Fading Channel
	1 Introduction
	2 System Model
	3 Average Symbol Error Analysis
		3.1 The ASEP of Coherent Modulation Schemes
		3.2 The ASEP of Non-Coherent Modulations
		3.3 The ASEP of M-Ary Modulations
	4 Analytical Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Implementation of an Efficient Handover Algorithm on AP Using Software-Defined Wi-Fi Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 System Model
		3.1 Handover Methods
	4 Experiment, Results and Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Novel Technique for the Design and Implementation of a 4 × 2 All Optical Encoder Using Micro-ring Resonator Switching Mechanism
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Principle and Switching Mechanism of Micro-ring Resonator (MRR)
	3 Design of 4 × 2 All Optical Encoder Using Micro-Ring Resonator
		3.1 Theory
		3.2 Simulation and Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design of Micro-ring Resonator Based All-Optical Half Adder Using 2–4 Line Decoder Circuit
	1 Introduction
	2 Micro-Ring Resonator (MRR)
	3 Design of All-Optical Half Adder Using 2: 4 Line Decoder Circuit Using the MRR Structure
	4 Conclusion
	References
Image Restoration of Landslide Photographs Using SRCNN
	1 Introduction
		1.1 DIP Based Resolution Improvement Approaches
	2 Dataset Used
	3 Methodology
	4 Performance Evaluation Metrics and Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Classification Techniques for Binary Motor Imagery Signal for Brain-Computer Interfaces
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Data Description
		2.2 Preprocessing
		2.3 Feature Extraction
		2.4 Model Training
	3 Classification
		3.1 Support Vector Machine
		3.2 K-Nearest Neighbors
		3.3 Linear Discriminant Analysis
		3.4 Alexnet
		3.5 Vgg16
		3.6 Vgg19
	4 Results
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References