Recent Trends and Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things

Preface
About This Book
Key Features
Contents
About the Editors
1 A 128-bit Tunable True Random Number Generator with Digital Clock Manager
	1.1 Introduction
		1.1.1 Problem Description
		1.1.2 Solution
	1.2 Related Work
	1.3 Existing Method
	1.4 Proposed Model
	1.5 Simulation Results
	1.6 Conclusion
	References
2 Network Monitoring System Using Ping Methodology and GUI
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Existing System
	2.3 System Methodology
		2.3.1 System Architecture
	2.4 Result and Discussion
	2.5 Summary
	References
3 License Plate Recognition Based on K-Means Clustering Algorithm
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Materials and Methods
	3.3 Results and Discussion
	3.4 Conclusion
	References
4 An Implementation of Bidirectional NOC Router for Reconfigurable Coarse Grained Architecture by Using Vedic Multiplier
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Related Works
	4.3 32 × 32 Vedic Multiplier
	4.4 CGRA Architecture
		4.4.1 Representation of Processing Elements (PE)
	4.5 Result and Discussion
	4.6 Conclusion
	References
5 Breast Cancer Classification Using Tetrolet Transform Based Energy Features and K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Methods and Materials
	5.3 Results and Discussion
	5.4 Conclusion
	References
6 Bayesian Neural Networks of Probabilistic Back Propagation for Scalable Learning on Hyper-Parameters
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Existed Methods
		6.2.1 Radial Foundation Purpose Networks
	6.3 Proposed Method (BNN-PB)
		6.3.1 Computational Requirement
		6.3.2 Obtaining Well Calibrated Uncertainty Estimates with Bayesian Neural Networks
		6.3.3 Neural Networks Including More Than One Hidden Layer
	6.4 Results
	6.5 Conclusion
	References
7 Extensive Study on Antennae for IoT Applications
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Antennas for IoT Applications
		7.2.1 SIW Antenna
		7.2.2 RFID Reader Antenna
		7.2.3 UNB Miniature Antenna
		7.2.4 Dual Band UWB Antenna
		7.2.5 Compact Dual Band Antenna
		7.2.6 Reconfigurable Patch Antenna
	7.3 Conclusion
	References
8 A Bi-spectrum Analysis of Uterine Electromyogram Signal Towards the Prediction of Preterm Birth
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Materials and Methods
		8.2.1 Data Requisition
		8.2.2 SIW Antenna
		8.2.3 Pre-processing
		8.2.4 Bi-Spectrum Analysis
		8.2.5 Classifier
	8.3 Results and Discussion
	8.4 Conclusion
	References
9 Application of Information Science and Technology in Academic Libraries: An Overview
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Informational
	9.3 Informational Required
	9.4 Information Science and Technology
		9.4.1 Basic Components of IST
		9.4.2 Implementation of IST
	9.5 IST Application in Digital Library
	9.6 Effect of IST in Library
	9.7 Merits and Demerits of IST
	9.8 Organization of IST Based Services
		9.8.1 Types of Equipment and Facilities
		9.8.2 Service to Users
		9.8.3 E-Sources
	9.9 Conclusion
	References
10 A Stable Routing Algorithm Based on Link Prediction Method for Clustered VANET
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Related Work
	10.3 Proposed Framework
		10.3.1 System Scenarios
		10.3.2 Procedure for Crating Clusters
	10.4 Experimental Results
	10.5 Conclusion
	References
11 Reversible Image Watermarking for Health Informatics Systems Using Distortion Compensation in Wavelet Domain
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Proposed Method
	11.3 Experimental Results
	11.4 Conclusion
	References
12 A Digital Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Bit-Planes and an Improved Logistic Map
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Related Knowledge
		12.2.1 Image Bit-Plane
		12.2.2 Logistic Map
	12.3 Algorithm Descriptions
		12.3.1 Encryption Algorithm Description
		12.3.2 Decryption Algorithm Description
	12.4 Results
	12.5 Conclusion
	References
13 A TDMA Based Energy Efficient Unequal Clustering Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network Using PSO
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Related Work
		13.2.1 LEACH-C
		13.2.2 PSO-C
		13.2.3 EBUC
		13.2.4 IPSO
		13.2.5 PSO-ECHS
	13.3 Proposed Framework
	13.4 Experimental Results
	13.5 Conclusion
	References
14 An Improved Network Coding Based LEACH Protocol for Energy Effectiveness in Wireless Sensor Networks
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Related Work
	14.3 Proposed Framework
		14.3.1 LEACH Protocols
		14.3.2 I-LEACH Protocol
		14.3.3 Node Rank-LEACH Protocol
		14.3.4 Node Rank Algorithm
	14.4 Network Coding Method
		14.4.1 Opportunistic Listening
		14.4.2 Opportunistic Coding
		14.4.3 Learning Neighbour State
	14.5 Experimental Results
		14.5.1 Description of the Simulator
	14.6 Conclusion
	References
15 A Novel FFT Architecture for an Efficient Utilization of OFDM Using Adaptive FFT Method
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Radix-2 FFT Design
	15.3 Structure of Single Path Delay Feedback Structure
	15.4 MDC with Radix-2 Structure
	15.5 Proposed Model of Adaptive FFT
	15.6 Results and Discussions
	15.7 Results and Discussions
	References
16 Priority Based QoS-Aware Medium Access Control Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Literature Review
	16.3 Proposed Approach
	16.4 Evaluation
	16.5 Conclusion
	References
17 Intend and Accomplishment of Power Utilization Monitoring and Controlling System by Using IoT
	17.1 Introduction
	17.2 Related Work
	17.3 Proposed System
		17.3.1 A High Side Current Detecting
		17.3.2 Points of Interest
		17.3.3 Low Side Current Identifying
	17.4 Results and Discussion
	17.5 Conclusion
	References
18 75 GHz 5G Frequency Spectrum Analysis
	18.1 Introduction
	18.2 Work Carried
	18.3 Model of System
	18.4 Results
	18.5 OFDM Channel
	18.6 Conclusion
	References
19 Energy Conservation Strategy for DC Motor Load Applications
	19.1 Introduction
	19.2 Circuit Representation
	19.3 Control Strategy
	19.4 Simulation & Results
		19.4.1 Fully Controlled Rectifier Block With Resistive Load
		19.4.2 Fully Controlled Rectifier Block with Dc Motor Load
	19.5 Experimental Setup and Hardware Results
		19.5.1 Output Without Load
		19.5.2 Output with Load
	19.6 Conclusion
	References
20 End-to-End Delay Analyses via LER in Wireless Sensor Networks
	20.1 Introduction
	20.2 Related Work
	20.3 RRBNs Encoding and Decoding Method
	20.4 End-to-End Delay in WSN
		20.4.1 Delay Analysis of Multi-hop Networks
		20.4.2 WSN Low Energy Routing Direction
	20.5 Validation Results in WSN
	20.6 Conclusion
	References
21 Multi Band Antenna System for Quality Evaluation Application of Apple Fruit
	21.1 Introduction
	21.2 Dielectric Properties for Quality Assessment
		21.2.1 Grading of Apple Fruit
	21.3 Antenna Design and Geometry
		21.3.1 Prototype Design of 2 × 2 Antenna Array
	21.4 Antenna Sensing Technique
	21.5 Stability Analysis of Antenna System
	21.6 Data Transmission Using IOT
	21.7 Evaluation of Apple Sample
	21.8 Conclusion
	References
22 Effective Utilization of Image Information Using Data Mining Technique
	22.1 Introduction
		22.1.1 Steps of Image Mining
	22.2 Preprocessing Steps of Data Mining
		22.2.1 Image Extraction
		22.2.2 Relational Database Versus Image Database
	22.3 Information Retrieval System
		22.3.1 Image Mining Algorithm Steps
		22.3.2 Creation of Index on Image Data Base
	22.4 Application of Data Mining
		22.4.1 Video Data Mining Shot Detection
		22.4.2 Creation of Histogram on Images
		22.4.3 Experimental Results
	22.5 Conclusion
	References
23 Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based PID Controller for the Control of the Automatic Generation Control
	23.1 Introduction
	23.2 Materials and Methods
	23.3 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
	23.4 Simulink Model of AGC with PSO Algorithm
	23.5 Simulation Results
	23.6 Conclusion
	References
24 Proposed Improving Self-management Support System for Chronic Care Model (Heart Diseases)
	24.1 Introduction
	24.2 Related Work
	24.3 The Proposed Method
	24.4 Conclusions
	References
25 DWINE Your Fear—Defensive Device for Women in Need
	25.1 Introduction
	25.2 Literature Review
	25.3 Drawbacks in the Current Systems
	25.4 Proposed Idea
	25.5 Architecture Diagram
	25.6 Scenario
	25.7 Implementation
		25.7.1 Hardware Components Used
		25.7.2 Main Distinct Modules
		25.7.3 Inputs Given
		25.7.4 Outputs Obtained
		25.7.5 Framework Challenges
	25.8 Result
	25.9 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
26 Microstrip Patch Antenna for Peripheral Arterary Disease Diagnosis
	26.1 Introduction
	26.2 Proposed Antenna System
	26.3 Antenna System Analysis Without Blood Fluid Sample
	26.4 Antenna System Analysis During Blood Flow
	26.5 Antenna System Analysis with Blood Accumulation
	26.6 Conclusion
	References
27 Wireless EAR EEG Signal Analysis with Stationary Wavelet Transform for Co Channel Interference in Schizophrenia Diagnosis
	27.1 Introduction
	27.2 Related Work
	27.3 Methodology
	27.4 Co-channel Interference in WSN for Dynamic Signal Transmission
		27.4.1 Dynamic Signal Transmission in WSN
	27.5 Conclusion
	References
28 Advance Approach for Effective EEG Artefacts Removal
	28.1 Introduction
	28.2 Related Work
	28.3 Proposed System
		28.3.1 Implementation Algorithm The Proposed EEG Motion Artifact Removal Algorithm is as Follows
	28.4 Results and Discussion
	28.5 Conclusion
	References
29 Security in Internet of Things
	29.1 Introduction
	29.2 IoT Layered Architecture
		29.2.1 Sensor Connectivity Layer
		29.2.2 Gateway Network Layer
		29.2.3 Management Layer
		29.2.4 Application Layer
	29.3 Security Issues
	29.4 Solutions
	29.5 Conclusion
	References
30 A Hybrid TLBO Algorithm by Quadratic Approximation for Function Optimization and Its Application
	30.1 Introduction
	30.2 Related Work
	30.3 Details of Basic TLBO and QA
		30.3.1 Teaching Learning Based Optimization
		30.3.2 Quadratic Approximation (QA)
	30.4 The Hybrid TLBO Algorithm
		30.4.1 Adaptive Teaching Factor
	30.5 Results and Discussion
		30.5.1 Comparison Results for 10 Dimensional Test Functions
		30.5.2 Comparison Results for 30 Dimensional Test Functions
		30.5.3 Comparison Results for 50 Dimensional Test Functions
	30.6 Application to Real Life Problems
		30.6.1 Spread Spectrum Radar Polyphase Code Design Problem
	30.7 Conclusion
	References
31 Home Automation Using IoT
	31.1 Introduction
	31.2 Internet of Things
		31.2.1 Sensors/Electronic Devices
		31.2.2 Data Processing
		31.2.3 Cloud-Based System
	31.3 Embedded System
		31.3.1 Microcontroller
		31.3.2 Sensor
	31.4 Automation
	31.5 IoT Devices and Applications
		31.5.1 Application of IoT Devices
	31.6 Home Automation
	31.7 Embedded System for Home Automation
		31.7.1 Hardware Components
		31.7.2 Software Requirement
	31.8 Home Automation Using IoT
	31.9 Advantages of IoT for Home Automation
	31.10 Discussion and Recommendations
	References
32 Artificial Intelligence: State of the Art
	32.1 Introduction
		32.1.1 What Is It?
		32.1.2 A Short History of AI
		32.1.3 The Turing Test
	32.2 Applications of AI
		32.2.1 AI, Machine Learning and Deep Learning
	32.3 Solving Problems by Searching
		32.3.1 Uninformed Search Techniques
		32.3.2 Bidirectional Search
		32.3.3 Informed or Heuristic Search Techniques
	32.4 Adversarial Search
		32.4.1 Min–Max
	32.5 Knowledge Representation, Reasoning and Problem Solving
		32.5.1 Propositional Logic (PL)
		32.5.2 First Order Predicate Logic
		32.5.3 Rule Based Systems
		32.5.4 Semantic Nets
		32.5.5 Planning Agents
	32.6 Reasoning Using Statistics
		32.6.1 Joint Probability
		32.6.2 Conditional Probability
		32.6.3 Chain Rule
		32.6.4 Bayes' Theorem
		32.6.5 Bayes' Net
	32.7 Machine Learning
		32.7.1 Supervised Learning
		32.7.2 Unsupervised Learning
		32.7.3 Reinforcement Learning
	32.8 Introduction to ANN
		32.8.1 Unit Step Function (Heaviside Step Function)
		32.8.2 Logistic Activation Function
		32.8.3 Nice Property of Sigmoid Function (Fig. 32.31)
		32.8.4 Loss Functions
	32.9 Gradient Descent
	32.10 Natural Language Understanding
	32.11 Conclusion
	References
33 Logarithm Similarity Measure Based Automatic Esophageal Cancer Detection Using Discrete Wavelet Transform
	33.1 Introduction
	33.2 Proposed Esophageal Cancer Detection Scheme
	33.3 Data Set
	33.4 Discrete Cosine Transformation
	33.5 Discrete Wavelet Transform
	33.6 Feature Extraction
	33.7 Principal Component Analysis
	33.8 Linear Discriminant Analysis
	33.9 Similarity Measure
	33.10 Euclidean Based Similarity Measure
	33.11 Logarithm Similarity Measure
	33.12 Results
		33.12.1 Time and Recognition Rate Taken by DWT and DCT
		33.12.2 Comparison Among All Channels
		33.12.3 Recognition Rate at Various Feature Extraction Methods
	33.13 Conclusion
	References
34 Ai Chatbots: Transforming the Digital World
	34.1 Introduction
	34.2 Chatbot
		34.2.1 History of Chat Bots
	34.3 Eliza: The First Chatbot
	34.4 Alice the Smater Chatbot
	34.5 Rise and Evolution of Chatbots
		34.5.1 Growth in the Usage of Internet
		34.5.2 Recent Advancement in Technology
	34.6 Components of a Chat Bot
		34.6.1 Natural Language Processing (NLP)
		34.6.2 Dialog Manager
		34.6.3 Content
	34.7 Architectural Model of Chatbot
		34.7.1 Generative Model
		34.7.2 Retrieval Based Model
	34.8 Generation Mechanism of Response by Chat Bots
		34.8.1 Artificial Intelligence Modelling Language (AIML)
		34.8.2 Pattern Based Heuristics
		34.8.3 Intent Classification Based on Machine Learning
	34.9 Types of Chat Bots
	34.10 Working Mechanism of Chatbots
		34.10.1 Pattern Matchers
		34.10.2 Algorithms
	34.11 Natural Language Processing (NLP) for Chatbot
	34.12 Trending Artificial Intelligence Platforms
	34.13 Conversational User Interfaces
		34.13.1 Basic Bots
		34.13.2 Text Based Assistants
		34.13.3 Voice Based Assistants
	34.14 Bricks of Bot Building
	34.15 Design Principles of Chatbot
	34.16 Designing Chat and Voice Bots
	34.17 Benefits of Chat Bots
	34.18 Chatbots: Offering a Boom to Business
	34.19 Programming Languages
	34.20 Dialog Flow Chatbot Framework
	34.21 Building a Chat Bot with Python
	34.22 Chatbot in Finance
	34.23 Chat Bot in Healthcare
	34.24 Conclusion
	References
35 Applications of Smart Devices
	35.1 Introduction
		35.1.1 This Chapter Explains Why there is a Need to Study How Smart Farming is Transforming Agriculture. Why Should the Farmers Make a Shift from Traditional Methods of Farming and Adopt IOT in Farming. The 5 Key Aspects IOT Can Transform Agriculture Are Described Below
	35.2 What Essential Things the Farmers Should Take into Consideration Before Adopting the Smart Farming Solutions
	35.3 Components of Smart Farming
		35.3.1 Management Information Systems
		35.3.2 Devices
		35.3.3 Application of Smart Devices in Farming
	35.4 Smart Farming in the Indian Agriculture Industry Perspective
		35.4.1 Introduction: Agriculture in India
		35.4.2 ‘DIGITAL INDIA’ Campaign and BIG Data Bringing Technological Revolution in Indian Agriculture
		35.4.3 Satsure
		35.4.4 Cropin
	35.5 Challenges of Smart/Precision Farming
		35.5.1 Right Resources
	35.6 Limitations of Smart/Precision Farming
	35.7 Conclusion
	References
36 Fundamental Concepts of Convolutional Neural Network
	36.1 Introduction
	36.2 Foundation of Convolutional Neural Network
	36.3 Concepts of Convolutional Neural Network
		36.3.1 Network Layers
		36.3.2 Loss Functions
	36.4 Training Process of Convolutional Neural Network
		36.4.1 Data Pre-processing and Data Augmentation
		36.4.2 Parameter Initialization
		36.4.3 Regularization to CNN
		36.4.4 Optimizer Selection
	36.5 Recent Advancement in CNN Architectures
		36.5.1 Image Classification
		36.5.2 Object Detection
		36.5.3 Image Segmentation
	36.6 Applications Areas of CNNs
		36.6.1 Image Classification
		36.6.2 Text Recognition
		36.6.3 Action Recognition
		36.6.4 Image Caption Generation
		36.6.5 Medical Image Analysis
		36.6.6 Security and Surveillance
		36.6.7 Automatic Colorization of Image and Style Transfer
		36.6.8 Satellite Imagery
	36.7 Conclusion
	References
37 Router Problems of Networking in Cloud Using SIEM
	37.1 Introduction
	37.2 Working of SIEM
	37.3 Architecture of SIEM
	37.4 Accessing Information on Cloud
		37.4.1 Concept of Public and Private Network
	37.5 Introduction to DOS Attack
	37.6 How D-DOS Victims Report Cost in Different Categories
	37.7 Major Case Studies Related to D-DOS Attack
	37.8 Preventions of D-Dos Attack
	37.9 Routing and Network Concept in Stem
	37.10 Major Risk on Cloud
	37.11 Prevention
	37.12 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
38 An Energy Efficient Clustered Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks
	38.1 Introduction
	38.2 Energy Aware Routing in WSN
	38.3 Cluster-Based Routing Protocols of WSN
		38.3.1 Classical Cluster-Based Routing Protocols
		38.3.2 Heuristic-Based Clustering Protocols in WSN
	38.4 Conclusion
	References
39 Analysis of Different Detection and Mitigation Algorithm of DDoS Attack in Software-Defined Internet of Things Framework: A Review
	39.1 Introduction
	39.2 Architecture and Application of IoT
		39.2.1 IoT Architecture
		39.2.2 Applications of IoT
		39.2.3 Issues and Challenges in IoT
	39.3 Denial of Service and Distributed Denial of Service Attack
		39.3.1 Denial of Service Attack
		39.3.2 Distributed Denial of Service Attack
		39.3.3 Some Solutions to DoS Attacks
	39.4 Detection and Mitigation Techniques of DDoS Attack
	39.5 Conclusion
	References