Recent Advances in Machines and Mechanisms: Select Proceedings of the iNaCoMM 2021

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Synthesis of Mechanisms
Studies on Coupler Curves of a 4-Bar Mechanism with One Rolling Pair Adjacent to the Ground
	1 Introduction
	2 Kinematic analysis
		2.1 Kinematics of the Rolling Pair
		2.2 Position Analysis of the Mechanism
	3 Study of Geometry of the Coupler Curves
		3.1 Components or Circuits of Coupler Curves
		3.2 Crunodes in Coupler Curves
		3.3 Cusps in Coupler Curves
	4 Conclusion
	References
Kinematic Synthesis and Design of a Five Fingered Hand Exoskeleton
	1 Introduction
	2 Kinematic Synthesis and Design
		2.1 Analyzing Functional Requirement
		2.2 Kinematic Structure
		2.3 Kinematic Synthesis
		2.4 Trajectory Comparison
	3 Pose Analysis of Mechanism
		3.1 Static Analysis
		3.2 Optimization of Link Lengths
		3.3 Workspace Evaluation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Structural Enumeration of Cam-Modulated Linkages
	1 Introduction
	2 Cam-Modulated Linkages–Systematics
	3 Literature Review
	4 Synthesis Methodology
		4.1 Varieties of Conversions
		4.2 Non-viable CMLs
		4.3 Isomorphism Problem in CML
	5 Results of Synthesis
	6 Conclusions
	References
Studying the Effects of Varying Link Lengths in Double Lambda Mechanism and Its Application to Rover Suspension Design
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Problem Statement
	4 Objectives
	5 Methodology
	6 Results and Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	Appendix
	References
Modelling of Mechanisms
Positional Error Estimation of Five-Bar Mechanism Under the Influence of Tolerances
	1 Introduction
	2 Kinematic Synthesis
		2.1 Forward Kinematics
		2.2 Inverse Kinematics
	3 Case Study
	4 Validation Using CAD Model Approach
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Effect of Link Tolerance on Five-Bar Mechanism
		5.2 Error Compensation
	6 Conclusions
	References
Parametric Sensitivity Analysis of Structure Stability: Mathematical Formulation and Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Stability Analysis
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Varying Thickness
		3.2 Varying Length
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Review on Frequency Domain Analysis Approach for Parametric Identification of Nonlinear Joints
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
	3 Dynamic Analysis of Nonlinear Structures
		3.1 Frequency Domain Analysis
	4 Result and Analysis
	5 Conclusions and Future Directions for Work
	References
A New Method for Solving Simultaneous Impact Problems in Constrained Multibody Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Impulse-Momentum Relations in Constrained Multibody Systems
		2.1 Response to External Impulse
		2.2 Change in Velocity of Collision Point
	3 The Simultaneous Impact Model
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 2-Link Manipulator Hitting a 4-Bar Linkage
		4.2 2-Link Manipulator Hitting a Slider-Crank Mechanism
		4.3 Simultaneous Impact of 2 Unconstrained Rigid Bodies  on a 2-Link Manipulator
	5 Conclusions
	References
Design of Mechanisms
Modeling and Optimal Design of Bridge-Type Displacement Amplifier
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling of Bridge-Type Amplifier
	3 Optimization of the Amplifier Geometry
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design Exploration of Stewart Platform
	1 Introduction
	2 Kinematic Design Parameters of the Stewart Platform
		2.1 Selection of Design Parameters for Exploration
	3 Methodology
	4 Effect of Change in Vertical Inclination (upper A Subscript iAi) of the Leg
		4.1 Results
	5 Effect of Change in Horizontal Inclination (upper A Subscript hAh) of the Leg
		5.1 Results
	6 Effect of Change in Base Angle (upper A Subscript bAb)
		6.1 Results
	7 Validation Through MSC-Adams Simulations
		7.1 Change in Vertical Inclination
		7.2 Change in Horizontal Inclination
		7.3 Change in Base Angle
	8 Conclusions
	References
Design of Bistable Arch-Profiles by Using Bilateral Relationship and Shape Optimization
	1 Introduction
	2 Summary of Bilateral Relationship
		2.1 Stability of the Deformed Profiles
	3 Optimization Problems
		3.1 Travel at a Point Between Initial and Toggled Profiles
		3.2 Change in Slope at a Point
		3.3 Travel at a Point Between Initial, Unstable, and Toggled Profiles
		3.4 Partially-Specified Profile
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Travel at a Point Between Initial and Toggled Profiles
		4.2 Change in Slope at a Point
		4.3 Travel at a Point Between Initial, Unstable, and Toggled Profiles
		4.4 Partially-Specified Profile
	5 Summary
	References
Design and Analysis of a Miniaturized Atomic Force Microscope Scan Head
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of Fine Positioner of the Miniaturized AFM
	3 Quasi-Static Modelling and Analysis of the Fine Positioners
		3.1 In-Plane Positioner
		3.2 Decoupling Stage
		3.3 Out-of-Plane Positioner
	4 Eigen-Frequency Analysis of the Fine Positioners
		4.1 In-Plane Positioner
		4.2 Decoupling Stage
		4.3 Out-of-Plane Positioner
	5 Feedback Control
	6 Conclusion
	References
Validation of a Steering System Mathematical Model via Test Rig Measurements
	1 Introduction
	2 Steering System
		2.1 Steering Test Rig
		2.2 CAD Model
		2.3 Mathematical Model in Adams
		2.4 Ackermann Principle
		2.5 Formulae Related to the Tests
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Test Rig and Simulation Procedure
		3.2 Comparison Between Experiment and Simulation Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Dynamics of Mechanisms
Dynamic Modelling a 6-DOF Compliant Flexure-Based Stewart Micromanipulator
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of the 6-DOF Flexure-Based Compliant Stewart Micromanipulator
	3 Analytical Dynamic Analysis of the Parallelogram Mechanism
		3.1 Elastic Strain Energy
		3.2 Kinetic Energy
		3.3 Results of the Analytical Modelling
	4 Dynamic Modelling Using Adams Software
		4.1 Motivation Behind Using Adams Software for Dynamic Modelling
		4.2 The Dynamic PRB Model of the Parallelogram in Adams Environment
		4.3 Dynamic Modelling the Full 6-DOF Flexure-Based Stewart Micromanipulator
	5 FEA Validation Using Abaqus Simulations
	6 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of Connected Shallow Arches Under a Load from a Moving Rigid Wedge
	1 Motivation for Studying Connected Arches
		1.1 Scope of the Paper
	2 Analysis of Connected Arches
		2.1 The Compatibility Condition
		2.2 Equilibrium Equations for Connected Pinned–Pinned Arches
	3 Validation Using Finite Element Analysis
	4 Closure
	References
Dynamic Analysis of MCF-7 Using Tensegrity Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Modelling
	3 Dynamic Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Dynamic Modeling of Planar Multi-section Tendon-Driven Continuum Manipulator (TDCM) Using “Euler–Lagrange Formulation”
	1 Introduction
	2 Physical and Mathematical Description of Tendon-Driven Continuum Manipulator (TDCM)
	3 Simulation and Experimental Results
	4 Conclusion and Future Studies
	Appendix
	References
Dynamic Characteristics of Human Hand-Arm System—Analytical and Simulation Approaches
	1 Introduction
	2 Finite Element Modelling and Simulation
	3 Mathematical Modelling
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Vibration and Condition Monitoring
Vibration Isolation Characteristics of a Modified Gough-Stewart Platform with the Top Platform Filled with Damping Particles
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Formulations
	3 Numerical Simulations
		3.1 Effect of Fill Fraction on FRFs with Longitudinal Axis (Z-axis) Input
		3.2 Effect of Fill Fraction on FRFs with Lateral Axis (X-axis) Input
		3.3 Effect of Fill Fraction on FRFs with θX Input Excitation
		3.4 Effect of Fill Fraction on FRFs with θZ Input Excitation
	4 Conclusions
	References
Nonlinear Distribution of the Gearbox Dynamic Model Including Tooth Cracks
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
		2.1 Dynamic Modeling of the Gearbox
		2.2 Time Synchronous Averaging (TSA)
		2.3 Variable Mode Decomposition (VMD)
		2.4 Correlation Dimension (CD)
	3 Numerical Simulation of Proposed Model
	4 Nonlinear Distribution of Gear Tooth Crack
	5 Conclusion
	References
Classification of Worm Gearbox Fault Using Dendrogram Support Vector Machine
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 AR-MED Filter
		2.2 Statistical Features
		2.3 Selection of Suitable Features
		2.4 Dendrogram Support Vector Machine
	3 Analysis and Results
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Signal Processing
		3.3 Feature Selection
		3.4 Identification of Fault
	4 Conclusion
	References
Mechanisms Responsible for Performance Improvements of Pocketed and Textured Lubricated Interfaces
	1 Introduction
	2 Mechanisms of Performance Improvements of Textured Pad Thrust and Journal Bearings
		2.1 Textured Thrust Pad/Slider Bearings
		2.2 Textured Journal Bearings
		2.3 The Governing Lubrication Equation
	3 Mechanisms of Performance Improvements of Textured Piston Ring, Textured Gear, and Textured Race of Ball Bearing
	4 Conclusions
	References
Feature Selection Based on Gaussian Ant Lion Optimizer for Fault Identification in Centrifugal Pump
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 K-Nearest Neighbour
		2.2 Ant Lion Optimization (ALO)
	3 The Proposed Gaussian Mutation Strategy in Ant Lion Optimization
		3.1 Modification in Ant Lion Optimization (ALO)
		3.2 Fault Feature Selection Technique
	4 Experimentation
		4.1 Fault Feature Selection Technique
		4.2 Feature Extraction
		4.3 Evaluating Measurement Parameters
	5 Result and Discussion
		5.1 Comparison with Other Art of Work
		5.2 Significance Level of the Proposed Method
	6 Conclusion
	References
Vibration Monitoring of Defective Shaft Bearing System
	1 Introduction
	2 The Experimental Test Rig
	3 Preparing for the Experiment
	4 Vibration Monitoring of Shaft Bearing System
		4.1 Vibration Analysis of Health Shaft and Bearing System
		4.2 Vibration Analysis of Cracked Shaft and Healthy Bearing
		4.3 Vibration Analysis of Cracked Shaft and Defective Bearing
	5 Result Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Formulation of Approximate Generalized Generated Database Model for Low-Speed Gear Box Developed Based on Double-Crank Inversion for a Four-Bar Chain
	1 Introduction
	2 Double-Crank Inversions of Different Configurations
	3 Kinematic Analysis of Coupler Points on Coupler of Double-Crank Inversion
		3.1 Position Analysis of Coupler Points
		3.2 Velocity Analysis of Coupler Points
	4 Formulation of Generalized Generated Data-Based Mathematical Models
		4.1 Formulation of Mathematical Models for Angular Velocity
		4.2 Formulation of Mathematical Models for Angular Acceleration, Jerk and Pop
	5 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Balanced Sliding Velocity and Slide-to-Roll Ratio on Surface Wear in Symmetric Profile Modified High Contact Ratio Spur Gears
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Finite Element Model
	3 Wear Simulation Model
		3.1 Balancing of Sliding Velocity at the Beginning and End of the Contact
		3.2 Balancing of Slide-to-Roll Ratio at the Beginning and End of the Contact
	4 Discussions
	5 Conclusions
	References
Application
Design of a Novel Mechanism  for Actuation of a Bistable Buckled Beam
	1 Introduction
	2 Model of the Gripper
	3 Design of the Actuating Mechanism
	4 Model of the Pipe Climbing Robot
	5 Conclusion
	References
Modelling and Simulation of Car Suspension with Linear and Nonlinear Spring
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical, State-Space and ANSYS Models
		2.1 State-Space Model
		2.2 ANSYS Model
		2.3 Comparison of Linear State-Space and ANSYS Models
	3 Nonlinear Conical Spring Design
	4 Results
		4.1 Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear Models in ANSYS
	5 Conclusion
	References
Mechatronics and Algorithms to Analyse and Control the Laser Beam Spot Size for 3D Micro-printing Machine
	1 Material and Methods
		1.1 Theoretical Considerations of the Laser Beam
		1.2 Experimental Setup
		1.3 Methodology to Determine the Lens Potions at Focal Distance Followed by Estimation at the Laser Beam Spot Size
	2 Results and Discussion
		2.1 Estimation of Laser beam’s Spot Size and Depth of Focus
		2.2 Validation of the Estimated Laser Spot Through 3D Printing Using Micro-stereolithography Process
	3 Conclusion
	References
A Diamagnetically Levitated Actuator Capable of Independent In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Positioning
	1 Introduction
	2 Principles of the Actuator
		2.1 Overview
	3 Development and Evaluation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Control of Multiple Ferro-Bots for Steady Motion Using an Array of Electromagnets
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of the Solenoid
	3 Experimental Setup
	4 Relation Between Forces and Solenoid Currents
	5 Control of Ferro-Bots to Follow Prescribed Trajectories
	6 Experimental Demonstration
	7 Closure
	References
Mechanism for Space Applications
Fold-line Mechanics for Ultra-Thin Membrane in Gossamer Space Structure
	1 Introduction
	2 Characterizing the Crease in Membrane
		2.1 Fold-line Arrangement
		2.2 Experimental Measurement of Neutral Angle and Material Properties
	3 Fold-line Simulation
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Geometrical Analyses and Packaging Behavior of Foldable Cylinders with Bellow Pattern
	1 Introduction
	2 Geometry of Bellow Folding Pattern
		2.1 Radius of Packaged Cylinder
		2.2 Packaging Efficiency
		2.3 Residual Volume Calculations
	3 Packaging Behavior
		3.1 Effect of the Number of Bellow Units
		3.2 Effect of Length Ratio (R)
	4 Conclusion
	References
Evaluation of Dynamic System Characteristics of Payload Cover Mechanism for Spacecraft Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of Mechanism Using FEA
	3 Correlation of FE Model Using Test Data
	4 Conclusion
	References
Rigidization Mechanism for Double-Layered Inflatable Circular Torus Structure
	1 Introduction
	2 Strain Hardening Method
	3 Rigidization Criterion
	4 Rigidization of Torus
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Mechanism for Biomedical Applications
Design of Jaw Rehabilitation Device  for Patients with TMJ Disorder
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Considerations
	3 Formulation of Design Solution as an Optimisation Problem
		3.1 Objective Function
		3.2 Loop Closure Equation
		3.3 Limiting Values of Design Variables
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Design 1: Dual Fourbar Mechanism
		4.2 Design 2: Single Fourbar Mechanism
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design and Development of Double Air Suction Resuscitation Device Using Scotch Yoke Mechanism
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology of Double Air Suction Resuscitation Device
		2.1 Actuating Mechanism
		2.2 Variable Air Supply Pressure and Flow Volume
		2.3 Feedback Control Loop
		2.4 Principle or Operation
	3 Working of Double Air Suction Resuscitation Device
	4 Conclusions
	References
Design of Mechanism for Actuating Piezoelectric-Based Sector Micropump
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Micropump
	2 Micropump Timer Mechanism
		2.1 Cam Design
		2.2 Theoretical Calculations
		2.3 Simulation Results from Solidworks
	3 Cam and Follower Analysis Using ADAMS Analysis Software
		3.1 Results and Discussion
	4 Stress Analysis of Gear and Shaft
	5 Torque and moment calculations
	6 Conclusions
	References
Robotics
An Optimization-Based Design of Open-Chain Manipulator Arm: Incorporating Dimensional Uncertainty
	1 Introduction
	2 Interval Method and Manipulator Performance Metric
		2.1 Dynamic Manipulability
		2.2 Workspace Area
	3 Problem Formulation
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Optimum-Blended Trajectory Generation of ABB SCARA Robot to Minimize Travel Time and Jerk with Dynamic Motion Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Modeling
		2.1 Inverse Kinematics Model
		2.2 Joint Trajectory Interpolation
		2.3 Joint Dynamic Behavior
		2.4 Optimization
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of Blend Times on Actuator Jerk and Torque/Force
		3.2 Effect of Joint Jerk Minimization
		3.3 Variation of Joint Torques Due to Minimization of the Joint Jerk
		3.4 Effect of Combined TCP Jerk and Travel Time Minimization
	4 Conclusion
	References
Tension Adjustment in Cable-Driven Robots Used for MIS
	1 Introduction
	2 Mechanism Description
	3 Kinematic Analysis
	4 Force Analysis
	5 Input Displacement and Lever Angle
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Kinematic and Dynamic Analysis  of a Six-Bar Aerial Gripper Mechanism
	1 Introduction
	2 The Gripper Mechanism
		2.1 Mechanism Design
		2.2 Working Principle
		2.3 Dimensions of the Links
	3 Kinematic Analysis of the Mechanism
		3.1 Position of Joints and Couplers
	4 Balancing of the Mechanism
		4.1 Addition of Counter Weights for Statico-Dynamic Balancing
	5 Dynamic Analysis of the Mechanism
		5.1 A Numerical Example
	6 Fabrication and Testing the Mechanism
		6.1 Modeling and Fabrication of the Gripper Mechanism
		6.2 Testing Conditions
	7 Conclusions
	References
Bond Graph Modelling and Simulation of Pneumatic Soft Actuator
	1 Introduction
	2 Dynamic Modelling
		2.1 Design of Soft Actuator
		2.2 Bond Graph Modelling of Soft Actuator
	3 Numerical Simulations
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design of Pneumatically Actuated Soft Robotic Gripper for Gripping Cylindrical Objects of Varying Diameters
	1 Introduction
	2 Gripper Design
		2.1 Bending Capabilities of Proposed Gripper
	3 Constant Curvature Kinematics
		3.1 Forward Kinematics
		3.2 Derivation of Inverse Kinematics from Forward Kinematics
	4 Gripping Mechanism and Parameterization
		4.1 Planar Gripping Mechanism
		4.2 Coiled Gripping Mechanism
	5 Conclusion
	References
Estimation of Internal Joint Forces  and Resisting Torques for Impact  of Walking Robot Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Dynamic Model of Planar Robot
		2.1 Joint Constraint Equations
		2.2 Contact Constraint Equations
		2.3 System Lagrangian Formulation
	3 External Impact Force on System
	4 Internal Impact Forces on Joints
	5 Comparison with Simulation Results Obtained from Multi-body Dynamics Software
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Motion Planning and Control of Two Quadcopters with Cable-Suspended Point Mass Payload
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Wrench Closure Workspace Analysis
		2.2 Controller Design for Follower Quadcopter
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Robust Path Following Control of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Using Combined Time Delay Estimation and Backstepping Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Kinematics and Dynamics
	3 Problem Formulation
	4 Controller Design
		4.1 Kinematic Controller
		4.2 Dynamic Controller
	5 Simulation Study and Comparative Assessment
	6 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Passive Springs on Taskspace Stiffness of a Cable-Driven Serial Chain Manipulator
	1 Introduction
	2 Architecture
	3 Stiffness Formulation
		3.1 Taskspace Stiffness
	4 Stiffness Alteration
		4.1 Passive Springs Attached to Links
		4.2 Passive Spring Routed Across Joint
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Mechanism for Agriculture Applications
Design and Development of Multi-crop Fibre Extracting Machine
	1 Introduction
	2 Review of Machinery for Plant Fibre Extraction
		2.1 Brief History of Machinery Related to Fibre Extraction
		2.2 Traditional Methods of Fibre Extraction
	3 Background and Motivation
	4 Design Features of a Manually Operated Fibre Extractor
		4.1 Design of a Prototype of Fibre Extractor
	5 Conclusions
	References
Design Modification in Transplanting Mechanism of a Manual Rice Transplanter for Improved Performance
	1 Introduction
	2 Review of Literature
	3 Materials and Methods
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Miscellaneous
Gear Meshing Visualization for Effective Education Using MechAnalyzer Software
	1 Introduction
	2 The Simple and Compound Gear Trains
	3 The Planetary Gearset
	4 The Standard or Open Differential
	5 The Gear Meshing Module
	6 Conclusion
	References
Role of Profile Parameters on the Sensitivity of Cantilever Sensor: A Numerical Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Modeling and Analysis
		2.1 Analysis-I
		2.2 Analysis-II
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Analysis-I
		3.2 Analysis-II
	4 Conclusion
	References
Position Control Using a Physics-Based Model for Biomimetic Underwater Propulsor Actuated by IPMC
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model
		2.1 Slender Body Propulsion
		2.2 Model of Robotic Fish Motion with IPMC Tail as a Caudal Fin
	3 Results
		3.1 Open-Loop Response
		3.2 Closed-Loop PID Control Response
	4 Conclusion
	References
Composites
Effect of Interface on Elastic Properties and Vibration Characteristics of CNT-Reinforced Composites
	1 Introduction
	2 Elastic Properties of a Three-Phase CNTRC
		2.1 Finite Element Modeling
	3 Vibration Analysis of the CNTRC
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Prediction of Elastic Properties
		4.2 Prediction of Fundamental Frequencies
	5 Concluding Remarks
	References
A Review on Recent Techniques and Current Challenges in Identifying Defects in Additively Manufactured Metal Components
	1 Introduction
	2 Types of Defects in Metal Additive Manufacturing (MAM)
		2.1 Porosity
		2.2 Balling
		2.3 Cracking
		2.4 Residual Stresses
	3 Traditional Techniques of Defects Identification in AM
		3.1 Ultrasonic Defects Identification Technique
		3.2 Penetration Defects Identification Technique
		3.3 Defects Identification Using Infrared Imaging
		3.4 Defects Identification Using Eddy Current
	4 Machine Learning and Deep Learning-Based Defects Identification Techniques
		4.1 Defects Identification Using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
		4.2 Defects Identification Using Autoencoder Network Method
		4.3 Defects Identification Using Deep Residual Neural Network
		4.4 Defects Identification Using Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)
	5 Challenges for Implementing Advanced Defects Identifying Techniques
	6 Conclusion
	References
Design and Development of Heterogeneous Porous Scaffold—A Review
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Introduction to Scaffold
	2 Design and Development
		2.1 Stiffness Measurements for Scaffold
	3 Discussions
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
Fabrication and Characterization of Aluminum Oxide-Based Polypropylene Filaments
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Methodology and Methods
		2.1 Material
		2.2 Preparation of Powders
		2.3 Mixing and Characterization of Powders
		2.4 Extrusion of Filament
	3 Testing and Characterization Methods
		3.1 Tensile Testing
		3.2 SEM Analysis
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Tensile Testing
		4.2 SEM Characterization
	5 Conclusions
	References
Ballistic Impact Behavior of 3D Hybrid Composite Laminates
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical and Material Modeling
		2.1 Material Damage Constitutive Models for Composite Laminate and Projectile
	3 Numerical Results and Discussion
		3.1 Validation
		3.2 Change in Residual Velocity and Energy Absorption
		3.3 Failure Behavior of Laminate and Projectile
	4 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Analysis on Hexagonal Honeycomb Sandwich Structure Under Air-Blast Loading
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Modeling
		2.1 Air-Blast Shock Wave
		2.2 Finite Element Modeling of Sandwich Structures
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Data-Based Model of Fracture of Adhesive Joint for a Link of Mechanism Made from Bamboo
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model
		2.1 Identification of Variables
		2.2 Dimensional Analysis
		2.3 Dimension Equation
		2.4 Significance of Dimension Equation
	3 Experimental Setup
		3.1 Proposed Mechanism
		3.2 Establishment of Dimensionless Group of π Terms
		3.3 Establishment of Dimensionless Group of π Terms
		3.4 Formulation of Field Data-Based Model
	4 Analysis of the Model for Dependent π Term Z1
	5 Conclusion
	References